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Dumot C, Mantziaris G, Dayawansa S, Xu Z, Pikis S, Peker S, Samanci Y, Ardor GD, Nabeel AM, Reda WA, Tawadros SR, Abdelkarim K, El-Shehaby AMN, Emad Eldin RM, Elazzazi AH, Moreno NM, Martínez Álvarez R, Liscak R, May J, Mathieu D, Tourigny JN, Tripathi M, Rajput A, Kumar N, Kaur R, Picozzi P, Franzini A, Speckter H, Hernandez W, Brito A, Warnick RE, Alzate J, Kondziolka D, Bowden GN, Patel S, Sheehan J. Stereotactic radiosurgery for haemorrhagic cerebral cavernous malformation: a multi-institutional, retrospective study. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024; 9:221-229. [PMID: 37586775 PMCID: PMC11221296 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) frequently manifest with haemorrhages. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been employed for CCM not suitable for resection. Its effect on reducing haemorrhage risk is still controversial. The aim of this study was to expand on the safety and efficacy of SRS for haemorrhagic CCM. METHODS This retrospective multicentric study included CCM with at least one haemorrhage treated with single-session SRS. The annual haemorrhagic rate (AHR) was calculated before and after SRS. Recurrent event analysis and Cox regression were used to evaluate factors associated with haemorrhage. Adverse radiation effects (AREs) and occurrence of new neurological deficits were recorded. RESULTS The study included 381 patients (median age: 37.5 years (Q1-Q3: 25.8-51.9) with 414 CCMs. The AHR from diagnosis to SRS excluding the first haemorrhage was 11.08 per 100 CCM-years and was reduced to 2.7 per 100 CCM-years after treatment. In recurrent event analysis, SRS, HR 0.27 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.44), p<0.0001 was associated with a decreased risk of haemorrhage, and the presence of developmental venous anomaly (DVA) with an increased risk, HR 1.60 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.40), p=0.022. The cumulative risk of first haemorrhage after SRS was 9.4% (95% CI 6% to 12.6%) at 5 years and 15.6% (95% CI% 9 to 21.8%) at 10 years. Margin doses> 13 Gy, HR 2.27 (95% CI 1.20 to 4.32), p=0.012 and the presence of DVA, HR 2.08 (95% CI 1.00 to 4.31), p=0.049 were factors associated with higher probability of post-SRS haemorrhage. Post-SRS haemorrhage was symptomatic in 22 out of 381 (5.8%) patients, presenting with transient (15/381) or permanent (7/381) neurological deficit. ARE occurred in 11.1% (46/414) CCM and was responsible for transient neurological deficit in 3.9% (15/381) of the patients and permanent deficit in 1.1% (4/381) of the patients. Margin doses >13 Gy and CCM volume >0.7 cc were associated with increased risk of ARE. CONCLUSION Single-session SRS for haemorrhagic CCM is associated with a decrease in haemorrhage rate. Margin doses ≤13 Gy seem advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Dumot
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Georgios Mantziaris
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sam Dayawansa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Stylianos Pikis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Selcuk Peker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Samanci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce D Ardor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmed M Nabeel
- Gamma-knife Center, Nasser institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Neurosurgery Department, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Wael A Reda
- Gamma-knife Center, Nasser institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh R Tawadros
- Gamma-knife Center, Nasser institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abdelkarim
- Gamma-knife Center, Nasser institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr M N El-Shehaby
- Gamma-knife Center, Nasser institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem M Emad Eldin
- Gamma-knife Center, Nasser institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Elazzazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Extended Modular Program, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Roman Liscak
- Department of Stereotactic and Radiation Neurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir May
- Department of Stereotactic and Radiation Neurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Mathieu
- Neurosurgery, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Nicolas Tourigny
- Neurosurgery, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Narendra Kumar
- Radiation Therapy, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Piero Picozzi
- Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Franzini
- Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Herwin Speckter
- Dominican Gamma Knife Center and Radiology Department, CEDIMAT, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Wenceslao Hernandez
- Dominican Gamma Knife Center and Radiology Department, CEDIMAT, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Anderson Brito
- Dominican Gamma Knife Center and Radiology Department, CEDIMAT, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Ronald E Warnick
- Gamma Knife Center, Mayfield Clinic, The Jewish Hospital - Mercy Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Juan Alzate
- Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Greg N Bowden
- Neurosurgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samir Patel
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Berglund H, Salomonsson SL, Mohajershojai T, Gago FJF, Lane DP, Nestor M. p53 stabilisation potentiates [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE treatment in neuroblastoma xenografts. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:768-778. [PMID: 37823909 PMCID: PMC10796565 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular radiotherapy is a treatment modality that is highly suitable for targeting micrometastases and [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE is currently being explored as a potential novel treatment option for high-risk neuroblastoma. p53 is a key player in the proapoptotic signalling in response to radiation-induced DNA damage and is therefore a potential target for radiosensitisation. METHODS This study investigated the use of the p53 stabilising peptide VIP116 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE, either alone or in combination, for treatment of neuroblastoma tumour xenografts in mice. Initially, the uptake of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in the tumours was confirmed, and the efficacy of VIP116 as a monotherapy was evaluated. Subsequently, mice with neuroblastoma tumour xenografts were treated with placebo, VIP116, [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE or a combination of both agents. RESULTS The results demonstrated that monotherapy with either VIP116 or [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE significantly prolonged median survival compared to the placebo group (90 and 96.5 days vs. 50.5 days, respectively). Notably, the combination treatment further improved median survival to over 120 days. Furthermore, the combination group exhibited the highest percentage of complete remission, corresponding to a twofold increase compared to the placebo group. Importantly, none of the treatments induced significant nephrotoxicity. Additionally, the therapies affected various molecular targets involved in critical processes such as apoptosis, hypoxia and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the combination of VIP116 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE presents a promising novel treatment approach for neuroblastoma. These findings hold potential to advance research efforts towards a potential cure for this vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Berglund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Lundsten Salomonsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Ridgeview Instruments AB, SE-752 38, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tabassom Mohajershojai
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - David P Lane
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- p53Lab, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Neill G, Masson GR. A stay of execution: ATF4 regulation and potential outcomes for the integrated stress response. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1112253. [PMID: 36825279 PMCID: PMC9941348 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ATF4 is a cellular stress induced bZIP transcription factor that is a hallmark effector of the integrated stress response. The integrated stress response is triggered by phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 complex that can be carried out by the cellular stress responsive kinases; GCN2, PERK, PKR, and HRI. eIF2α phosphorylation downregulates mRNA translation initiation en masse, however ATF4 translation is upregulated. The integrated stress response can output two contradicting outcomes in cells; pro-survival or apoptosis. The mechanism for choice between these outcomes is unknown, however combinations of ATF4 heterodimerisation partners and post-translational modifications have been linked to this regulation. This semi-systematic review article covers ATF4 target genes, heterodimerisation partners and post-translational modifications. Together, this review aims to be a useful resource to elucidate the mechanisms controlling the effects of the integrated stress response. Additional putative roles of the ATF4 protein in cell division and synaptic plasticity are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Neill
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Leong KX, Sharma D, Czarnota GJ. Focused Ultrasound and Ultrasound Stimulated Microbubbles in Radiotherapy Enhancement for Cancer Treatment. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231176376. [PMID: 37192751 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231176376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) has been the standard of care for treating a multitude of cancer types. However, ionizing radiation has adverse short and long-term side effects which have resulted in treatment complications for decades. Thus, advances in enhancing the effects of RT have been the primary focus of research in radiation oncology. To avoid the usage of high radiation doses, treatment modalities such as high-intensity focused ultrasound can be implemented to reduce the radiation doses required to destroy cancer cells. In the past few years, the use of focused ultrasound (FUS) has demonstrated immense success in a number of applications as it capitalizes on spatial specificity. It allows ultrasound energy to be delivered to a targeted focal area without harming the surrounding tissue. FUS combined with RT has specifically demonstrated experimental evidence in its application resulting in enhanced cell death and tumor cure. Ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles have recently proved to be a novel way of enhancing RT as a radioenhancing agent on its own, or as a delivery vector for radiosensitizing agents such as oxygen. In this mini-review article, we discuss the bio-effects of FUS and RT in various preclinical models and highlight the applicability of this combined therapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xuan Leong
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepa Sharma
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory J Czarnota
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Application of Ultrasound Combined with Microbubbles for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084393. [PMID: 35457210 PMCID: PMC9026557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Treatment failure remains one of the prime hurdles in cancer treatment due to the metastatic nature of cancer. Techniques have been developed to hinder the growth of tumours or at least to stop the metastasis process. In recent years, ultrasound therapy combined with microbubbles has gained immense success in cancer treatment. Ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMB) combined with other cancer treatments including radiation therapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy has demonstrated potential improved outcomes in various in vitro and in vivo studies. Studies have shown that low dose radiation administered with USMB can have similar effects as high dose radiation therapy. In addition, the use of USMB in conjunction with radiotherapy or chemotherapy can minimize the toxicity of high dose radiation or chemotherapeutic drugs, respectively. In this review, we discuss the biophysical properties of USMB treatment and its applicability in cancer therapy. In particular, we highlight important preclinical and early clinical findings that demonstrate the antitumour effect combining USMB and other cancer treatment modalities (radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Our review mainly focuses on the tumour vascular effects mediated by USMB and these cancer therapies. We also discuss several current limitations, in addition to ongoing and future efforts for applying USMB in cancer treatment.
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Park H, Nam KS, Lee HJ, Kim KS. Ionizing Radiation-Induced GDF15 Promotes Angiogenesis in Human Glioblastoma Models by Promoting VEGFA Expression Through p-MAPK1/SP1 Signaling. Front Oncol 2022; 12:801230. [PMID: 35280749 PMCID: PMC8913883 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.801230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive cancer type that has a poor prognosis, is characterized by enhanced and aberrant angiogenesis. In addition to surgical resection and chemotherapy, radiotherapy is commonly used to treat GBM. However, radiation-induced angiogenesis in GBM remains unexplored. This study examined the role of radiation-induced growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) in regulating tumor angiogenesis by promoting intercellular cross-talk between brain endothelial cells (ECs) and glioblastoma cells. Radiation promoted GDF15 secretion from human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs). Subsequently, GDF15 activated the transcriptional promoter VEGFA in the human glioblastoma cell line U373 through p-MAPK1/SP1 signaling. Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in U373 cells resulted in the activation of angiogenic activity in HBMVECs via KDR phosphorylation. Wound healing, tube formation, and invasion assay results revealed that the conditioned medium of recombinant human GDF15 (rhGDF15)-stimulated U373 cell cultures promoted the angiogenic activity of HBMVECs. In the HBMVEC-U373 cell co-culture, GDF15 knockdown mitigated radiation-induced VEGFA upregulation in U373 cells and enhanced angiogenic activity of HBMVECs. Moreover, injecting rhGDF15-stimulated U373 cells into orthotopic brain tumors in mice promoted angiogenesis in the tumors. Thus, radiation-induced GDF15 is essential for the cross-talk between ECs and GBM cells and promotes angiogenesis. These findings indicate that GDF15 is a putative therapeutic target for patients with GBM undergoing radio-chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
- School of Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Nam
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
- School of Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kwang Seok Kim, ; Hae-June Lee,
| | - Kwang Seok Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
- School of Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kwang Seok Kim, ; Hae-June Lee,
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7
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Tamaddondoust RN, Wang Y, Jafarnejad SM, Graber TE, Alain T. The highs and lows of ionizing radiation and its effects on protein synthesis. Cell Signal 2021; 89:110169. [PMID: 34662715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a constant feature of our environment and one that can dramatically affect organismal health and development. Although the impacts of high-doses of IR on mammalian cells and systems have been broadly explored, there are still challenges in accurately quantifying biological responses to IR, especially in the low-dose range to which most individuals are exposed in their lifetime. The resulting uncertainty has led to the entrenchment of conservative radioprotection policies around the world. Thus, uncovering long-sought molecular mechanisms and tissue responses that are targeted by IR could lead to more informed policymaking and propose new therapeutic avenues for a variety of pathologies. One often overlooked target of IR is mRNA translation, a highly regulated cellular process that consumes more than 40% of the cell's energy. In response to environmental stimuli, regulation of mRNA translation allows for precise and rapid changes to the cellular proteome, and unsurprisingly high-dose of IR was shown to trigger a severe reprogramming of global protein synthesis allowing the cell to conserve energy by preventing the synthesis of unneeded proteins. Nonetheless, under these conditions, certain mRNAs encoding specific proteins are translationally favoured to produce the factors essential to repair the cell or send it down the path of no return through programmed cell death. Understanding the mechanisms controlling protein synthesis in response to varying doses of IR could provide novel insights into how this stress-mediated cellular adaptation is regulated and potentially uncover novel targets for radiosensitization or radioprotection. Here, we review the current literature on the effects of IR at both high- and low-dose on the mRNA translation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosette Niloufar Tamaddondoust
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Tyson E Graber
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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8
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Ding Z, Yu F, Sun Y, Jiao N, Shi L, Wan J, Liu Q. ORMDL3 Promotes Angiogenesis in Chronic Asthma Through the ERK1/2/VEGF/MMP-9 Pathway. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:708555. [PMID: 35252072 PMCID: PMC8888883 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.708555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Angiogenesis plays a vital role in airway remodeling in chronic asthma. ORMDL3 has been identified to be closely associated with the development of asthma remodeling. This study was to investigate the mechanism of ORMDL3 in angiogenesis of chronic asthma. METHODS BALB/c mice were divided into three groups, including an asthmatic group (group A), a budesonide-treated group (group B), and a normal control group (group C). Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining were used to evaluate the pathological changes. Angiogenesis in lung tissue was examined by CD31 staining. The changes of ORMDL3, ERK1/2, and angiogenesis-associated MMP-9 and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were examined. Furthermore, ORMDL3, MMP-9, and VEGF mRNA and protein levels were examined after transfection in BEAS-2B cells with the ORMDL3-overexpressed lentiviral vector. RESULTS Compared with the control group, asthmatic mice indicated more severe airway angiogenesis with increased ORMDL3, ERK1/2, MMP-9, and VEGF expression. Budesonide alleviated airway angiogenesis, and CD31 expression was positive with the levels of ORMDL3, MMP-9, and VEGF (P < 0.01). After successful transfection in BEAS-2B cells with the ORMDL3-overexpressing lentiviral vector, VEGF, and MMP-9 expression were activated in vitro (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study provides novel evidence that ORMDL3 promotes angiogenesis through upregulating VEGF and MMP-9 in chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo, China
| | - Lina Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo, China
| | - Jinghong Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo, China
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9
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Tumor microenvironment, immune response and post-radiotherapy tumor clearance. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:2196-2205. [PMID: 32445035 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for many cancer patients. Residual tumor leads to local recurrence after a period of an equilibrium created between proliferating, quiescent and dying cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment is a main obstacle for the efficacy of radiotherapy, as impaired blood flow leads to hypoxia, acidity and reduced accessibility of radiosensitizers. Eradication of remnant disease is an intractable clinical quest. After more than a century of research, anti-tumor immunity has gained a dominant position in oncology research and therapy. Immune cells play a significant role in the eradication of tumors during and after the completion of radiotherapy. The tumor equilibrium reached in the irradiated tumor may shift towards cancer cell eradication if the immune response is appropriately modulated. In the modern immunotherapy era, clinical trials are urged to standardize immunotherapy schemes that could be safely applied to improve clearance of the post-radiotherapy remnant disease.
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