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Johnson AL, Elder SS, McKendrick JG, Hegarty LM, Mercer E, Emmerson E. A single dose of radiation elicits comparable acute salivary gland injury to fractionated radiation. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050733. [PMID: 39086326 PMCID: PMC11361643 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The salivary glands are often damaged during head and neck cancer radiotherapy. This results in chronic dry mouth, which adversely affects quality of life and for which there is no long-term cure. Mouse models of salivary gland injury are routinely used in regenerative research. However, there is no clear consensus on the radiation regime required to cause injury. Here, we analysed three regimes of γ-irradiation of the submandibular salivary gland. Transcriptional analysis, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry was used to profile DNA damage, gland architecture and immune cell changes 3 days after single doses of 10 or 15 Gy or three doses of 5 Gy. Irrespective of the regime, radiation induced comparable levels of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, loss of glandular architecture, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and a reduction in tissue-resident macrophages, relative to those observed in non-irradiated submandibular glands. Given these data, coupled with the fact that repeated anaesthetic can negatively affect animal welfare and interfere with saliva secretion, we conclude that a single dose of 10 Gy irradiation is the most refined method of inducing acute salivary gland injury in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Johnson
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sonia S. Elder
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - John G. McKendrick
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- The Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Lizi M. Hegarty
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- The Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Ella Mercer
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
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He S, Tian J, Zang J, Long L, Liu P, Zhang Y, Xiao J. Implications of intestinal microecology and immune function alterations for immunotherapy outcomes in advanced unresectable lung adenocarcinoma. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2024; 18:e13762. [PMID: 38685799 PMCID: PMC11058370 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This investigation aims to explore alterations in intestinal microecology and immune function among patients with advanced, unresectable lung adenocarcinoma undergoing different outcomes from immunotherapy. METHODS A cohort of 30 patients diagnosed with advanced unresectable lung adenocarcinoma received sintilimab immunotherapy as a monotherapy. Post four treatment cycles, efficacy was assessed, leading to the segregation of patients into two distinct cohorts: those responsive to treatment and those nonresponsive. Analysis involved observing variations in the abundance, distribution, and composition of fecal intestinal microorganisms pretreatment and posttreatment via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS In this study involving 30 advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients, significant observations were made regarding the impact of immunotherapy on immune function and the gut microbiome composition. Patients were divided into treatment and control groups, revealing that immunotherapy led to a significant increase in CD4+ T cells and a decrease in CD8+ T cells among the treatment-responsive individuals, indicating an enhanced immune response. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of the gut microbiome showed an increase in diversity and abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum in the treatment group. These findings highlight the dual effect of immunotherapy on modulating immune function and altering gut microbiome diversity, suggesting its potential therapeutic benefits in improving the health status of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION The structuring of gut flora plays a pivotal role in augmenting the efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapy, underscoring the interplay between intestinal microecology and immune response in cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang He
- The First Clinical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Jin Tian
- Oncology Center I DepartmentQingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)QingdaoChina
| | - Jianhua Zang
- Oncology Center I DepartmentQingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)QingdaoChina
| | - Lin Long
- Oncology Center I DepartmentQingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)QingdaoChina
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy for OncologyQingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)QingdaoChina
| | - Yexi Zhang
- Rehabilitation Centre of Acupuncture and MassageQingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)QingdaoChina
| | - Jun Xiao
- Oncology Center I DepartmentQingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)QingdaoChina
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Yao Y, Wang D, Zheng L, Zhao J, Tan M. Advances in prognostic models for osteosarcoma risk. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28493. [PMID: 38586328 PMCID: PMC10998144 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk prognosis model is a statistical model that uses a set of features to predict whether an individual will develop a specific disease or clinical outcome. It can be used in clinical practice to stratify disease severity and assess risk or prognosis. With the advancement of large-scale second-generation sequencing technology, along Prognosis models for osteosarcoma are increasingly being developed as large-scale second-generation sequencing technology advances and clinical and biological data becomes more abundant. This expansion greatly increases the number of prognostic models and candidate genes suitable for clinical use. This article will present the predictive effects and reliability of various prognosis models, serving as a reference for their evaluation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Manli Tan
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
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Kim J, Pena JV, McQueen HP, Kong L, Michael D, Lomashvili EM, Cook PR. Downstream STING pathways IRF3 and NF-κB differentially regulate CCL22 in response to cytosolic dsDNA. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:28-42. [PMID: 37990062 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is abnormal and typically indicates the presence of pathogens or mislocalized self-DNA. Multiple sensors detect cytosolic dsDNA and trigger robust immune responses via activation of type I interferons. Several cancer immunotherapy treatments also activate cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways, including oncolytic viruses, nucleic acid-based cancer vaccines, and pharmacological agonists. We report here that cytosolic dsDNA introduced into malignant cells can robustly upregulate expression of CCL22, a chemokine responsible for the recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs in the tumor microenvironment are thought to repress anti-tumor immune responses and contribute to tumor immune evasion. Surprisingly, we found that CCL22 upregulation by dsDNA was mediated primarily by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a key transcription factor that activates type I interferons. This finding was unexpected given previous reports that type I interferon alpha (IFN-α) inhibits CCL22 and that IRF3 is associated with strong anti-tumor immune responses, not Treg recruitment. We also found that CCL22 upregulation by dsDNA occurred concurrently with type I interferon beta (IFN-β) upregulation. IRF3 is one of two transcription factors downstream of the STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING), a hub adaptor protein through which multiple dsDNA sensors transmit their signals. The other transcription factor downstream of STING, NF-κB, has been reported to regulate CCL22 expression in other contexts, and NF-κB has also been associated with multiple pro-tumor functions, including Treg recruitment. However, we found that NF-κB in the context of activation by cytosolic dsDNA contributed minimally to CCL22 upregulation compared with IRF3. Lastly, we observed that two strains of the same cell line differed profoundly in their capacity to upregulate CCL22 and IFN-β in response to dsDNA, despite apparent STING activation in both cell lines. This finding suggests that during tumor evolution, cells can acquire, or lose, the ability to upregulate CCL22. This study adds to our understanding of factors that may modulate immune activation in response to cytosolic DNA and has implications for immunotherapy strategies that activate DNA sensing pathways in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Jocelyn V Pena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Hannah P McQueen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Lingwei Kong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Dina Michael
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Elmira M Lomashvili
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Pamela R Cook
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA.
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Jeon SH, Song C, Eom KY, Kim IA, Kim JS. Modulation of CD8 + T Cell Responses by Radiotherapy-Current Evidence and Rationale for Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16691. [PMID: 38069014 PMCID: PMC10706388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy for cancer has been known to affect the responses of immune cells, especially those of CD8+ T cells that play a pivotal role in anti-tumor immunity. Clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors led to an increasing interest in the ability of radiation to modulate CD8+ T cell responses. Recent studies that carefully analyzed CD8+ T cell responses following radiotherapy suggest the beneficial roles of radiotherapy on anti-tumor immunity. In addition, numerous clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of combining radiotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently undergoing. In this review, we summarize the current status of knowledge regarding the changes in CD8+ T cells following radiotherapy from various preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, key biological mechanisms that underlie such modulation, including both direct and indirect effects, are described. Lastly, we discuss the current evidence and essential considerations for harnessing radiotherapy as a combination partner for immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea; (S.H.J.); (C.S.); (K.-Y.E.); (I.A.K.)
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Mahajan S, Bongaerts M, Hardillo J, Tsang A, Lo KW, Kortleve D, Ma B, Debets R. Transcriptomics of Epstein-Barr virus aids to the classification of T-cell evasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 83:102335. [PMID: 37235920 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to oncogenesis and immune evasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). At present, an aggregated, higher-level view on the impact of EBV genes toward the immune microenvironment of NPC is lacking. To this end, we have interrogated tumor-derived RNA sequences of 106 treatment-naive NPC patients for 98 EBV transcripts, and captured the presence of 10 different immune cell populations as well as 23 different modes of T-cell evasion. We discovered 3 clusters of EBV genes that each associate with distinct immunophenotypes of NPC. Cluster 1 associated with gene sets related to immune cell recruitment, such as those encoding for chemoattractants and their receptors. Cluster 2 associated with antigen processing and presentation, such as interferon-related genes, whereas cluster 3 associated with presence of M1-like macrophages, absence of CD4+ T cells, and oncogenic pathways, such as the nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B-cell pathway. We discuss these 3 EBV clusters regarding their potential for stratification for T-cell immunity in NPC together with the next steps needed to validate such therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mahajan
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel Bongaerts
- Departments of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jose Hardillo
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Tsang
- Departments of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Kwok W Lo
- Departments of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Dian Kortleve
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brigette Ma
- Departments of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Reno Debets
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Li Y, Cao H, Jiang Z, Yan K, Shi J, Wang S, Wang F, Wang W, Li X, Sun N, Liu L, Chen L, Chen Y, Guo R, Song Y. CCL17 acts as an antitumor chemokine in micromilieu‐driven immune skewing. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110078. [PMID: 37001380 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines are critical players in the local immune responses to tumors. CCL17 (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, TARC) and CCL22 (macrophage-derived chemokine, MDC) can attract CCR4-bearing cells involving the immune landscape of cancer. However, their direct roles and functional states in tumors remain largely unclear. METHODS We analyzed the lymphoma-related scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq datasets and identified the CCL17/CCL22-CCR4 axis as the unique participant of the tumor microenvironment. Then we edited the A20 lymphoma cell line to express CCL17 and CCL22 and assessed their function using three mouse models (Balb/C mouse, Nude mouse, and NSG mouse). In addition, we retrospectively checked the relationship between the CCL17/CCL22-CCR4 axis and the survival rates of cancer patients. RESULTS The active CCL17/CCL22-CCR4 axis is a distinctive feature of the Hodgkin lymphoma microenvironment. CCR4 is widely expressed in immune cells but highly exists on the surface of NK, NKT, and Treg cells. The tumor model of Balb/C mice showed that CCL17 acts as an anti-tumor chemokine mediated by activated T cell response. In addition, the tumor model of Nude mice showed that CCL17 recruits NK cells for inhibiting lymphoma growth and enhances the NK-cDC1 interaction for resisting IL4i1-mediated immunosuppression. Interestingly, CCL17-mediated antitumor immune responses depend on lymphoid lineages but not mainly myeloid ones. Furthermore, we found CCL17/CCL22-CCR4 axis cannot be regarded as biomarkers of poor prognosis in most cancer types from the TCGA database. CONCLUSION We provided direct evidence of antitumor functions of CCL17 mediated by the recruitment of conventional T cells, NKT cells, and NK cells. Clinical survival outcomes of target gene (CCL17, CCL22, and CCR4) expression also identified that CCL17/CCL22-CCR4 axis is not a marker of poor prognosis.
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Mahajan S, Balcioglu HE, Oostvogels A, Dik WA, Chan KCA, Lo KW, Hui EP, Tsang A, Tong J, Lam WKJ, Wong K, Chan ATC, Ma BBY, Debets R. Frequency of Peripheral CD8+ T Cells Expressing Chemo-Attractant Receptors CCR1, 4 and 5 Increases in NPC Patients with EBV Clearance upon Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061887. [PMID: 36980772 PMCID: PMC10047204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is the standard-of-care for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), where the post-RT clearance of plasma EBV DNA is prognostic. Currently, it is not known whether the post-RT clearance of plasma EBV DNA is related to the presence of circulating T-cell subsets. Blood samples from NPC patients were used to assess the frequency of T-cell subsets relating to differentiation, co-signaling and chemotaxis. Patients with undetectable versus detectable plasma EBV DNA levels post-RT were categorized as clearers vs. non-clearers. Clearers had a lower frequency of PD1+CD8+ T cells as well as CXCR3+CD8+ T cells during RT compared to non-clearers. Clearers exclusively showed a temporal increase in chemo-attractant receptors CCR1, 4 and/or 5, expressing CD8+ T cells upon RT. The increase in CCR-expressing CD8+ T cells was accompanied by a drop in naïve CD8+ T cells and an increase in OX40+CD8+ T cells. Upon stratifying these patients based on clinical outcome, the dynamics of CCR-expressing CD8+ T cells were in concordance with the non-recurrence of NPC. In a second cohort, non-recurrence associated with higher quantities of circulating CCL14 and CCL15. Collectively, our findings relate plasma EBV DNA clearance post-RT to T-cell chemotaxis, which requires validation in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mahajan
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hayri E Balcioglu
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Oostvogels
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Dik
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin P Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anna Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joanna Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Kei Jacky Lam
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Novel Theranostic Approaches Targeting CCR4-Receptor, Current Status and Translational Prospectives: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: With the high mortality rate of malignant tumors, there is a need to find novel theranostic approaches to provide an early diagnosis and targeted therapy. The chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is highly expressed in various tumors and plays an important role in tumor pathogenesis. This systematic review aims to provide a complete overview on clinical and preclinical applications of the CCR4 receptor as a target for theranostics, using a systematic approach to classify and assemble published studies performed on humans and animals, sorted by field of application and specific tumor. Methods: A systematic literature search of articles suiting the inclusion criteria was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, Central, and Web of Science databases, including papers published from January 2006 to November 2022. Eligible studies had to be performed on humans and/or in vivo/in vitro studying CCR4 expression in tumors. The methodological quality was assessed through the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) assessing only the studies performed on humans. Results: A total of 17 articles were screened. The articles were assessed for eligibility with the exclusion of 4 articles. Ultimately, 13 articles were selected for the qualitative analysis, and six articles were selected for the critical appraisal skills program. Conclusions: The development of new radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals targeting CCR4 show promising results in the theranostics of CCR4 sensible tumors. Although to widen its use in clinical practice, further translation of preclinical to clinical data is needed.
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10
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Radiotherapy, PARP Inhibition, and Immune-Checkpoint Blockade: A Triad to Overcome the Double-Edged Effects of Each Single Player. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041093. [PMID: 36831435 PMCID: PMC9954050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and, more recently, PARP inhibitors (PARPis) and immune-checkpoint inhibitors represent effective tools in cancer therapy. Radiotherapy exerts its effects not only by damaging DNA and inducing tumor cell death, but also stimulating anti-tumor immune responses. PARPis are known to exert their therapeutic effects by inhibiting DNA repair, and they may be used in combination with radiotherapy. Both radiotherapy and PARPis modulate inflammatory signals and stimulate type I IFN (IFN-I)-dependent immune activation. However, they can also support the development of an immunosuppressive tumor environment and upregulate PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. When provided as monotherapy, immune-checkpoint inhibitors (mainly antibodies to CTLA-4 and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis) result particularly effective only in immunogenic tumors. Combinations of immunotherapy with therapies that favor priming of the immune response to tumor-associated antigens are, therefore, suitable strategies. The widely explored association of radiotherapy and immunotherapy has confirmed this benefit for several cancers. Association with PARPis has also been investigated in clinical trials. Immunotherapy counteracts the immunosuppressive effects of radiotherapy and/or PARPis and synergies with their immunological effects, promoting and unleashing immune responses toward primary and metastatic lesions (abscopal effect). Here, we discuss the beneficial and counterproductive effects of each therapy and how they can synergize to overcome single-therapy limitations.
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The ferroptosis signature predicts the prognosis and immune microenvironment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1861. [PMID: 36732567 PMCID: PMC9895067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer with a high metastatic rate and poor prognosis. Growing studies suggest that ferroptosis take part in the development of tumours. At the same time, the connection between ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and the prognosis of NPC remains unclear. In this study, we explored the dysregulated FRGs between normal control and tumour samples of NPC. Firstly, 14 of 36 differentially expressed FRGs were identified in NPC tissues compared to normal tissues, among which ABCC1, GLS2, CS and HMGCR were associated with poor prognosis for patients. The four ferroptosis genes were used for consensus cluster analysis and two risk-related FRGs (ABCC1 and GLS2) were used in a risk model. The ROC curve revealed the good predictive performance of this risk signature. Multivariate analysis revealed that risk score and intratumoral TILs were independent risk factors linked to prognosis. Additionally, our results suggested that the risk signature was attached to the immune microenvironment. Moreover, the NPC patients with high risk were sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs including axitinib, docetaxel, embelin, epothilone.B, parthenolide, thapsigargin, tipifarnib, vinorelbine. Finally, the expression of ABCC1 and GLS2 was validated in NPC tissues using immunohistochemistry. Together, these results revealed ferroptosis may be a potential biomarker in NPC and representing a promising future direction in prognosis and therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NPC.
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Liu Y, Gao Z, Peng C, Jiang X. Exploration of the heterogeneity and interaction of epithelial cells and NK/T-cells in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma based on single-cell RNA sequencing data. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 89:393-400. [PMID: 37105033 PMCID: PMC10164759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the heterogeneity and differentiation trajectories of epithelial cells and NK/T-cells in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC). METHODS We downloaded the GSE150321 data set containing LSCC01 and LSCC02 samples single cell RNA data from Gene Expression Omnibus. The UMAP analysis was performed to identify the cell subpopulations and cell locations of subpopulations. Seurat package was used to analyze the differential expression of genes. The function of differential expression genes was analyzed using DAVID database. The monocle2 package was used to analyze differentiation trajectories. We used the CellChat package to observe the signaling pathways and ligand-receptor pairs for epithelial cells and NK/T-cells. RESULTS All the LSCC cells were divided into 16 subpopulation that included 7 epithelial cell subsets, 3 T-cell subsets. The function analysis indicated that epithelial cells and NK/T-cells mainly participated in different process, such as cell cycle, immune response, and cell migration. Then, the results of differentiation trajectory indicated that the ability of migration, and the activation of the immune system increases, while the ability of apoptosis, and glucose metabolic process decreases as pseudotime. Migration-related epithelial cells act on all T-cells via the CNTN2-CNTN2 ligand-receptor pair, which suggested that CNTN2 might be an important biomarker for regulating migration of epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study characterized the heterogeneity of LSCC, which provided novel insights into LSCC and identified a new mechanism and target for clinical LSCC threapies. EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Institute of Technology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Zhiguang Gao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Institute of Technology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Institute of Technology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xingli Jiang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Institute of Technology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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13
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Zhang XZ, Tao SP, Liang SX, Chen SB, Liu FS, Jiang W, Chen MJ. Nomogram based on circulating lymphocyte subsets for predicting radiation pneumonia in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938795. [PMID: 36105795 PMCID: PMC9465326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Currently, the relationship between radiation pneumonia (RP) and circulating immune cell in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between RP and circulating lymphocyte subsets in patients with ESCC receiving chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and develop a nomogram model to predict RP. Since we should implement clinical intervention to ≥ grade 2 RP, a nomogram model for ≥ grade 2 RP was also established to provide an early warning. Patients and methods This study retrospectively included 121 patients with ESCC receiving CRT from Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital from 2013 to 2021. Independent factors associated with occurrence of RP and ≥ grade 2 RP were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis in the training cohort, and incorporated into nomograms. The predictive accuracy and discrimination of the model was assessed using Concordance Index (C-index), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). And each model was internally validated. Additionally, to verify the optimized predictive performance of the nomograms, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of each nomogram was compared to that of single independent risk factors, lung V10 and lung V20, respectively. Moreover, each model was further evaluated for risk stratification to identify populations at high risk of RP and ≥ grade 2 RP. Results Multivariate analysis suggested that TNM stage, post-RT percentage of CD8+ T cell, and lung V15 were independent predictive factors of RP. Besides, pre- and post-RT percentage of CD8+ T cell, and V15 were independent factors of ≥ grade 2 RP. The C-indexes of RP and ≥ grade 2 RP nomograms were 0.809 (95% CI: 0.715-0.903) and 0.787 (95% CI: 0.685-0.889) in the training cohort, respectively. And the C-indexes of RP and ≥ grade 2 RP nomograms were 0.718 (95% CI: 0.544-0.892) and 0.621 (95% CI: 0.404-0.837) in the validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curves showed that the predicted values of model agreed well with actual observations. Moreover, DCA results indicated the applicability and accuracy of the models to predict RP and ≥ grade 2 RP. After stratification, the incidence of the high-risk group was significantly higher than that of the low-risk group with respect to either RP or ≥ grade 2 RP. Conclusion TNM stage, post-RT percentage of CD8+ T cell, and lung V15 were the independent predictors of RP toxicity. Pre- and post-RT percentage of CD8+ T cell, and lung V15 were the independent factors of ≥ grade 2 RP toxicity. The nomograms based on circulating lymphocyte subsets can robustly predict RP and ≥ grade 2 RP, guiding clinicians in risk stratification and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-zhen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Su-ping Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Shi-xiong Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Shu-bin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Fu-shuang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Mao-jian Chen, ; Wei Jiang,
| | - Mao-jian Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Mao-jian Chen, ; Wei Jiang,
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14
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Xu L, Zou C, Zhang S, Chu TSM, Zhang Y, Chen W, Zhao C, Yang L, Xu Z, Dong S, Yu H, Li B, Guan X, Hou Y, Kong FM. Reshaping the systemic tumor immune environment (STIE) and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in solid tumors. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:87. [PMID: 35799264 PMCID: PMC9264569 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of combination immunotherapy based on the mediation of regulatory mechanisms of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is promising. However, a deep understanding of tumor immunology must involve the systemic tumor immune environment (STIE) which was merely illustrated previously. Here, we aim to review recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics for the studies of STIE, TIME, and their interactions, which may reveal heterogeneity in immunotherapy responses as well as the dynamic changes essential for the treatment effect. We review the evidence from preclinical and clinical studies related to TIME, STIE, and their significance on overall survival, through different immunomodulatory pathways, such as metabolic and neuro-immunological pathways. We also evaluate the significance of the STIE, TIME, and their interactions as well as changes after local radiotherapy and systemic immunotherapy or combined immunotherapy. We focus our review on the evidence of lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, aiming to reshape STIE and TIME to enhance immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Education Ministry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life and Marine Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Timothy Shun Man Chu
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caining Zhao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - Shaowei Dong
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Bo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, Guangdong, 528200, China.
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Feng-Ming Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Tan M, Gao S, Ru X, He M, Zhao J, Zheng L. Prediction and Identification of GPCRs Targeting for Drug Repurposing in Osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:828849. [PMID: 35463319 PMCID: PMC9021700 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor common in children and adolescents. The 5-year survival rate is only 67-69% and there is an urgent need to explore novel drugs effective for the OS. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the common drug targets and have been found to be associated with the OS, but have been seldom used in OS. Methods The GPCRs were obtained from GPCRdb, and the GPCRs expression profile of the OS was downloaded from the UCSC Xena platform including clinical data. 10-GPCRs model signatures related to OS risk were identified by risk model analysis with R software. The predictive ability and pathological association of the signatures in OS were explored by bio-informatics analysis. The therapeutic effect of the target was investigated, followed by the investigation of the targeting drug by the colony formation experiment were. Results We screened out 10 representative GPCRs from 50 GPCRs related to OS risk and established a 10-GPCRs prognostic model (with CCR4, HCRTR2, DRD2, HTR1A, GPR158, and GPR3 as protective factors, and HTR1E, OPN3, GRM4, and GPR144 as risk factors). We found that the low-risk group of the model was significantly associated with the higher survival probability, with the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC greater than 0.9, conforming with the model. Moreover, both risk-score and metastasis were the independent risk factor of the OS, and the risk score was positively associated with the metastatic. Importantly, the CD8 T-cells were more aggregated in the low-risk group, in line with the predict survival rate of the model. Finally, we found that DRD2 was a novel target with approved drugs (cabergoline and bromocriptine), and preliminarily proved the therapeutic effects of the drugs on OS. These novel findings might facilitate the development of OS drugs. Conclusion This study offers a satisfactory 10-GPCRs model signature to predict the OS prognostic, and based on the model signature, candidate targets with approved drugs were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Tan
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shangzhi Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Biological Resources Development and Application of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao Ru
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Biological Resources Development and Application of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Maolin He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Biological Resources Development and Application of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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16
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang W, Xiang L, Yin Z, Xu H, Lu P, Ma Y, Xiong L, Zhang X, Liang X, Luo J, Liang X. circ_0004140 promotes LUAD tumor progression and immune resistance through circ_0004140/miR-1184/CCL22 axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:181. [PMID: 35396377 PMCID: PMC8993797 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly prevalent cancer with high mortality. Immune resistance and tumor metastasis are the pivotal factors for the promotion of LUAD. CircRNAs have been revealed a crucial pre-clinical diagnostic and therapeutic potentials in LUAD. Herein, we identify a novel circRNA (circ_0004140), derived from the oncogene YAP1, which is up-regulated in LUAD. The high expression of circ_0004140 is correlated with poor prognosis and CTL cells dysfunction in LUAD patients. Knockdown of circ_0004140 regulated LUAD cells proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Mechanistically, circ_0004140 served as a sponge of miR-1184 targeting C-C motif chemokine ligand 22(CCL22). Overexpression of CCL22 reversed the inhibitory effect induced by si-circ_0004140 on cells proliferation and migration. Moreover, we also revealed that elevated circ_ooo4140 was related to cytotoxic lymphocyte exhaustion, and a combination therapy of C-021 (CCL22/CCR4 axis inhibitor) and anti-PD-1 attenuated LUAD promotion and immune resistance. In conclusion, circ_0004140 may drive resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, providing a novel potential therapeutic target for LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- School of life science and technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wangli Zhang
- School of life science and technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Lanxin Xiang
- School of life science and technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhucheng Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No 116 Zhuodaoquan South Load, Hongshan District, 430079, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No 116 Zhuodaoquan South Load, Hongshan District, 430079, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No 116 Zhuodaoquan South Load, Hongshan District, 430079, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No 116 Zhuodaoquan South Load, Hongshan District, 430079, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Lingyi Xiong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No 116 Zhuodaoquan South Load, Hongshan District, 430079, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiangchen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No 116 Zhuodaoquan South Load, Hongshan District, 430079, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No 116 Zhuodaoquan South Load, Hongshan District, 430079, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinjun Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No 116 Zhuodaoquan South Load, Hongshan District, 430079, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
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17
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Wang L, Jiang J, Chen Y, Jia Q, Chu Q. The roles of CC chemokines in response to radiation. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:63. [PMID: 35365161 PMCID: PMC8974090 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-02038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an effective regimen for cancer treatment alone or combined with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The direct effect of radiotherapy involves radiation-induced DNA damage, and most studies have focused on this area to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. Recently, the immunomodulatory effect of radiation on the tumour microenvironment has attracted much interest. Dying tumour cells can release multiple immune-related molecules, including tumour-associated antigens, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators. Then, immune cells are attracted to the irradiated site, exerting immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive effects. CC chemokines play pivotal roles in the trafficking process. The CC chemokine family includes 28 members that attract different immune subsets. Upon irradiation, tumour cells or immune cells can release different CC chemokines. Here, we mainly discuss the importance of CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL8, CCL11, CCL20 and CCL22 in radiotherapy. In irradiated normal tissues, released chemokines induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition, thus promoting tissue injury. In the tumour microenvironment, released chemokines recruit cancer-associated cells, such as tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumour-associated macrophages, to the tumour niche. Thus, CC chemokines have protumour and antitumour properties. Based on the complex roles of CC chemokines in the response to radiation, it would be promising to target specific chemokines to alleviate radiation-induced injury or promote tumour control.
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18
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Xu P, Xu X, Wu X, Zhang L, Meng L, Chen Z, Han W, Yao J, Xu AM. CircTMC5 promotes gastric cancer progression and metastasis by targeting miR-361-3p/RABL6. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:64-82. [PMID: 34296378 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is common in East Asia, yet its molecular and pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are differentially expressed in GC and may be promising biomarkers. Here, we investigated the role and regulatory mechanism of circTMC5 in GC. METHODS CircTMC5 expression was detected in human GC and adjacent tissues using microarray assays and qRT-PCR, while the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with GC were used to assess its diagnostic and prognostic value. The circTMC5/miR-361-3p/RABL6 axis was examined in vitro and vivo, and the immune roles of RABL6 were evaluated using bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS CircTMC5 was highly expressed in GC tissues, plasma, and cell lines, and was closely related to histological grade, pathological stage, and T classification in patients with GC. CircTMC5 expression was also an independent prognostic factor for GC and its combined detection with carcinoembryonic antigen may improve GC diagnosis. Low circTMC5 expression correlated with good prognosis, inhibited GC cell proliferation, and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistically, circTMC5 overexpression promoted GC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis but inhibited apoptosis by sponging miR-361-3p and up-regulating RABL6 in vitro and vivo, whereas miR-361-3p up-regulation had the opposite effects. RABL6 was highly expressed in GC and was involved in immune regulation and infiltration in GC. CONCLUSIONS CircTMC5 promotes GC and sponges miR-361-3p to up-regulate RABL6 expression, thus may have diagnostic and prognostic value in GC. RABL6 also displays therapeutic promise due to its role in the immune regulation of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 100 Huaihai Avenue, Xinzhan District, Hefei City, 230000, Anhui Province, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, No. 98, Nantong West Road, Yangzhou City, 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - XiaoLan Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - LiXiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui, Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui, Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - ZhangMing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui, Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - WenXiu Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui, Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, No. 98, Nantong West Road, Yangzhou City, 225001, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - AMan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 100 Huaihai Avenue, Xinzhan District, Hefei City, 230000, Anhui Province, China. .,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui, Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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19
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Zimmerer JM, Ringwald BA, Chaudhari SR, Han J, Peterson CM, Warren RT, Hart MM, Abdel-Rasoul M, Bumgardner GL. Invariant NKT Cells Promote the Development of Highly Cytotoxic Multipotent CXCR3 +CCR4 +CD8 + T Cells That Mediate Rapid Hepatocyte Allograft Rejection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:3107-3121. [PMID: 34810223 PMCID: PMC9124232 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplant represents a treatment for metabolic disorders but is limited by immunogenicity. Our prior work identified the critical role of CD8+ T cells, with or without CD4+ T cell help, in mediating hepatocyte rejection. In this study, we evaluated the influence of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, uniquely abundant in the liver, upon CD8-mediated immune responses in the presence and absence of CD4+ T cells. To investigate this, C57BL/6 (wild-type) and iNKT-deficient Jα18 knockout mice (cohorts CD4 depleted) were transplanted with allogeneic hepatocytes. Recipients were evaluated for alloprimed CD8+ T cell subset composition, allocytotoxicity, and hepatocyte rejection. We found that CD8-mediated allocytotoxicity was significantly decreased in iNKT-deficient recipients and was restored by adoptive transfer of iNKT cells. In the absence of both iNKT cells and CD4+ T cells, CD8-mediated allocytotoxicity and hepatocyte rejection was abrogated. iNKT cells enhance the proportion of a novel subset of multipotent, alloprimed CXCR3+CCR4+CD8+ cytolytic T cells that develop after hepatocyte transplant and are abundant in the liver. Alloprimed CXCR3+CCR4+CD8+ T cells express cytotoxic effector molecules (perforin/granzyme and Fas ligand) and are distinguished from alloprimed CXCR3+CCR4-CD8+ T cells by a higher proportion of cells expressing TNF-α and IFN-γ. Furthermore, alloprimed CXCR3+CCR4+CD8+ T cells mediate higher allocytotoxicity and more rapid allograft rejection. Our data demonstrate the important role of iNKT cells in promoting the development of highly cytotoxic, multipotent CXCR3+CCR4+CD8+ T cells that mediate rapid rejection of allogeneic hepatocytes engrafted in the liver. Targeting iNKT cells may be an efficacious therapy to prevent rejection of intrahepatic cellular transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Zimmerer
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Bryce A Ringwald
- Medical Student Research Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Sachi R Chaudhari
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Jing Han
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Chelsea M Peterson
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert T Warren
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Madison M Hart
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Ginny L Bumgardner
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH;
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20
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Rai S, Inoue H, Sakai K, Hanamoto H, Matsuda M, Maeda Y, Haeno T, Watatani Y, Kumode T, Serizawa K, Taniguchi Y, Hirase C, Espinoza JL, Morita Y, Tanaka H, Ashida T, Tatsumi Y, Nishio K, Matsumura I. Decreased expression of T-cell-associated immune markers predicts poor prognosis in patients with follicular lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:660-673. [PMID: 34837284 PMCID: PMC8819350 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously examined the utility of rituximab-bendamustine (RB) in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) exhibiting less than optimal responses to 2 cycles of the R-CHOP chemotherapy regimen. The aim of this study was to identify molecular biomarkers that can predict prognosis in RB-treated patients in the context of the prospective cohort. We first analyzed the mutational status of 410 genes in diagnostic tumor specimens by target capture and Sanger sequencing. CREBBP, KMT2D, MEF2B, BCL2, EZH2, and CARD11 were recurrently mutated as reported before, however none was predictive for progression-free survival (PFS) in the RB-treated patients (n = 34). A gene expression analysis by nCounter including 800 genes associated with carcinogenesis and/or the immune response showed that expression levels of CD8+ T-cell markers and half of the genes regulating Th1 and Th2 responses were significantly lower in progression of disease within the 24-mo (POD24) group (n = 8) than in the no POD24 group (n = 31). Collectively, we selected 10 genes (TBX21, CXCR3, CCR4, CD8A, CD8B, GZMM, FLT3LG, CD3E, EOMES, GZMK), and generated an immune infiltration score (IIS) for predicting PFS using principal component analysis, which dichotomized the RB-treated patients into immune IIShigh (n = 19) and IISlow (n = 20) groups. The 3-y PFS rate was significantly lower in the IISlow group than in the IIShigh group (50.0% [95% CI: 27.1-69.2%] vs. 84.2% [95% CI: 58.7-94.6%], P = .0237). Furthermore, the IIS was correlates with absolute lymphocyte counts at diagnosis (r = 0.460, P = .00355). These results suggest that the T-cell-associated immune markers could be useful to predict prognosis in RB-treated FL patients. (UMIN:000 013 795, jRCT:051 180 181).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Rai
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Inoue
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hanamoto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Hospital Kindai University, Ikoma, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Minami Sakai Hospital, Sakai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Haeno
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Yosaku Watatani
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kumode
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Serizawa
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Chikara Hirase
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - J Luis Espinoza
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Morita
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ashida
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Yoichi Tatsumi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
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