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Zhou L, Zhu J, Liu Y, Zhou P, Gu Y. Mechanisms of radiation-induced tissue damage and response. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e725. [PMID: 39309694 PMCID: PMC11413508 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced tissue injury (RITI) is the most common complication in clinical tumor radiotherapy. Due to the heterogeneity in the response of different tissues to radiation (IR), radiotherapy will cause different types and degrees of RITI, which greatly limits the clinical application of radiotherapy. Efforts are continuously ongoing to elucidate the molecular mechanism of RITI and develop corresponding prevention and treatment drugs for RITI. Single-cell sequencing (Sc-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool in uncovering the molecular mechanisms of RITI and for identifying potential prevention targets by enhancing our understanding of the complex intercellular relationships, facilitating the identification of novel cell phenotypes, and allowing for the assessment of cell heterogeneity and spatiotemporal developmental trajectories. Based on a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms of RITI, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of different types of RITI in combination with Sc-seq and summarized the targeted intervention pathways and therapeutic drugs for RITI. Deciphering the diverse mechanisms underlying RITI can shed light on its pathogenesis and unveil new therapeutic avenues to potentially facilitate the repair or regeneration of currently irreversible RITI. Furthermore, we discuss how personalized therapeutic strategies based on Sc-seq offer clinical promise in mitigating RITI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ping‐Kun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yongqing Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaodingChina
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2
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Wang S, Ao L, Lin H, Wei H, Wu Z, Lu S, Liang F, Shen R, Zhang H, Miao T, Shen X, Lin J, Zhong G. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the senescent microenvironment in bone metastasis. Cell Prolif 2024:e13743. [PMID: 39231761 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis (BM) is a mortality-related event of late-stage cancer, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being a common origin for BM. However, the detailed molecular profiling of the metastatic bone ecosystem is not fully understood, hindering the development of effective therapies for advanced patients. In this study, we examined the cellular heterogeneity between primary tumours and BM from tissues and peripheral blood by single-cell transcriptomic analysis, which was verified using multiplex immunofluorescence staining and public datasets. Our results demonstrate a senescent microenvironment in BM tissues of NSCLC. BM has a significantly higher infiltration of malignant cells with senescent characteristics relative to primary tumours, accompanied by aggravated metastatic properties. The endothelial-mesenchymal transition involved with SOX18 activation is related to the cellular senescence of vascular endothelial cells from BM. CD4Tstr cells, with pronounced stress and senescence states, are preferentially infiltrated in BM, indicating stress-related dysfunction contributing to the immunocompromised environment during tumour metastasis to bone. Moreover, we identify the SPP1 pathway-induced cellular crosstalk among T cells, vascular ECs and malignant cells in BM, which activates SOX18 and deteriorates patient survival. Our findings highlight the roles of cellular senescence in modulating the microenvironment of BM and implicate anti-senescence therapy for advanced NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Ao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huangfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongxiang Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuting Lu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fude Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongkai Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huarong Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tongjie Miao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaopei Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guangxian Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Institute of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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3
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Paget V, Guipaud O, François A, Milliat F. Detection of radiation-induced senescence by the Debacq-Chainiaux protocol: Improvements and upgrade in the detection of positive events. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 181:161-180. [PMID: 38302237 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Senescent cells are blocked in the cell cycle but remain metabolically active. These cells, once engaged in the senescence process, fail to initiate DNA replication. Due to the shortening of telomeres, replicative senescence can be triggered by a DNA damage response. Moreover, cells can also be induced to senesce by DNA damage in response to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of oncogenes, cell-cell fusion or after ionizing radiation. There are multiple experimental ways to detect senescent cells directly or indirectly. Senescence-associated cellular traits (SA β-Gal activity, increase in cell volume and lysosome content, appearance of γ-H2AX foci, increase of ROS and oxidative damage adducts, etc.) can be identified by numerous methods of detection (flow cytometry, confocal imaging, in situ staining, etc.). Here, we improved an existing flow cytometry protocol and further developed a new one specifically tailored to ionizing radiation-induced endothelial senescence. Thus, we have upgraded the Debacq-Chainiaux protocol and added improvements in this protocol (i) to better detect positive events (ii) to offer a compatibility to simultaneously analyze various intracellular molecules including phosphorylated signaling proteins and cytokines, whether related or not to senescence processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Paget
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRMed (Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - O Guipaud
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRMed (Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - A François
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRMed (Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - F Milliat
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRMed (Radiobiology of Medical Exposure Laboratory), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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4
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Català P, Groen N, LaPointe VLS, Dickman MM. A single-cell RNA-seq analysis unravels the heterogeneity of primary cultured human corneal endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9361. [PMID: 37291161 PMCID: PMC10249941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea is a transparent and avascular tissue located in front of the eye. Its inner surface is lined by a monolayer of corneal endothelial cells (CECs), which maintain the cornea transparency. CECs remain arrested in a non-proliferative state and damage to these cells can compromise their function leading to corneal opacity. The primary culture of donor-derived CECs is a promising cell therapy. It confers the potential to treat multiple patients from a single donor, alleviating the global donor shortage. Nevertheless, this approach has limitations preventing its adoption, particularly culture protocols allow limited expansion of CECs and there is a lack of clear parameters to identify therapy-grade CECs. To address this limitation, a better understanding of the molecular changes arising from the primary culture of CECs is required. Using single-cell RNA sequencing on primary cultured CECs, we identify their variable transcriptomic fingerprint at the single cell level, provide a pseudo-temporal reconstruction of the changes arising from primary culture, and suggest markers to assess the quality of primary CEC cultures. This research depicts a deep transcriptomic understanding of the cellular heterogeneity arising from the primary expansion of CECs and sets the basis for further improvement of culture protocols and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Català
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mor M Dickman
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Ye M, Huang X, Wu Q, Liu F. Senescent Stromal Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment: Victims or Accomplices? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071927. [PMID: 37046588 PMCID: PMC10093305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a unique cellular state. Senescent cells enter a non-proliferative phase, and the cell cycle is arrested. However, senescence is essentially an active cellular phenotype, with senescent cells affecting themselves and neighboring cells via autocrine and paracrine patterns. A growing body of research suggests that the dysregulation of senescent stromal cells in the microenvironment is tightly associated with the development of a variety of complex cancers. The role of senescent stromal cells in impacting the cancer cell and tumor microenvironment has also attracted the attention of researchers. In this review, we summarize the generation of senescent stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment and their specific biological functions. By concluding the signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms by which senescent stromal cells promote tumor progression, distant metastasis, immune infiltration, and therapy resistance, this paper suggests that senescent stromal cells may serve as potential targets for drug therapy, thus providing new clues for future related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qianju Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen 361008, China
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Mitochondrial Metabolism in X-Irradiated Cells Undergoing Irreversible Cell-Cycle Arrest. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031833. [PMID: 36768155 PMCID: PMC9916319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Irreversible cell-cycle-arrested cells not undergoing cell divisions have been thought to be metabolically less active because of the unnecessary consumption of energy for cell division. On the other hand, they might be actively involved in the tissue microenvironment through an inflammatory response. In this study, we examined the mitochondria-dependent metabolism in human cells irreversibly arrested in response to ionizing radiation to confirm this possibility. Human primary WI-38 fibroblast cells and the BJ-5ta fibroblast-like cell line were exposed to 20 Gy X-rays and cultured for up to 9 days after irradiation. The mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential were evaluated in the cells using the mitochondrial-specific fluorescent reagents MitoTracker Green (MTG) and 5,5',6,6'-tetraethyl-benzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1), respectively. The ratio of the mean MTG-stained total mitochondrial area per unit cell area decreased for up to 9 days after X-irradiation. The fraction of the high mitochondrial membrane potential area visualized by JC-1 staining reached its minimum 2 days after irradiation and then increased (particularly, WI-38 cells increased 1.8-fold the value of the control). Their chronological changes indicate that the mitochondrial volume in the irreversible cell-cycle-arrested cells showed significant increase concurrently with cellular volume expansion, indicating that the mitochondria-dependent energy metabolism was still active. These results indicate that the energy metabolism in X-ray-induced senescent-like cells is active compared to nonirradiated normal cells, even though they do not undergo cell divisions.
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Gabai Y, Assouline B, Ben-Porath I. Senescent stromal cells: roles in the tumor microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:28-41. [PMID: 36208990 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence forms a barrier to tumorigenesis, by inducing cell cycle arrest in damaged and mutated cells. However, once formed, senescent cells often emit paracrine signals that can either promote or suppress tumorigenesis. There is evidence that, in addition to cancer cells, subsets of tumor stromal cells, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, undergo senescence. Such senescent stromal cells can influence cancer development and progression and represent potential targets for therapy. However, understanding of their characteristics and roles is limited and few studies have dissected their functions in vivo. Here, we discuss current knowledge and pertinent questions regarding the presence of senescent stromal cells in cancers, the triggers that elicit their formation, and their potential roles within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Gabai
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Assouline
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ittai Ben-Porath
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Chopra S, Shankavaram U, Bylicky M, Dalo J, Scott K, Aryankalayil MJ, Coleman CN. Profiling mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA expression changes in endothelial cells in response to increasing doses of ionizing radiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19941. [PMID: 36402833 PMCID: PMC9675751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent and past research have highlighted the importance of the endothelium in the manifestation of radiation injury. Our primary focus is on medical triage and management following whole body or partial-body irradiation. Here we investigated the usability of endothelial cells' radiation response for biodosimetry applications. We profiled the transcriptome in cultured human endothelial cells treated with increasing doses of X-rays. mRNA expression changes were useful 24 h and 72 h post-radiation, microRNA and lncRNA expression changes were useful 72 h after radiation. More mRNA expressions were repressed than induced while more miRNA and lncRNA expressions were induced than repressed. These novel observations imply distinct radiation responsive regulatory mechanisms for coding and non-coding transcripts. It also follows how different RNA species should be explored as biomarkers for different time-points. Radiation-responsive markers which could classify no radiation (i.e., '0 Gy') and dose-differentiating markers were also predicted. IPA analysis showed growth arrest-related processes at 24 h but immune response coordination at the 72 h post-radiation. Collectively, these observations suggest that endothelial cells have a precise dose and time-dependent response to radiation. Further studies in the laboratory are examining if these differences could be captured in the extracellular vesicles released by irradiated endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Chopra
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michelle Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Juan Dalo
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Scott
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Wiedemann J, Coppes RP, van Luijk P. Radiation-induced cardiac side-effects: The lung as target for interacting damage and intervention. Front Oncol 2022; 12:931023. [PMID: 35936724 PMCID: PMC9354542 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.931023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is part of the treatment for many thoracic cancers. During this treatment heart and lung tissue can often receive considerable doses of radiation. Doses to the heart can potentially lead to cardiac effects such as pericarditis and myocardial fibrosis. Common side effects after lung irradiation are pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. It has also been shown that lung irradiation has effects on cardiac function. In a rat model lung irradiation caused remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature increasing resistance of the pulmonary vascular bed, leading to enhanced pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricle hypertrophy and reduced right ventricle performance. Even more pronounced effects are observed when both, lung and heart are irradiated. The effects observed after lung irradiation show striking similarities with symptoms of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In particular, the vascular remodeling in lung tissue seems to have similar underlying features. Here, we discuss the similarities and differences of vascular remodeling observed after thoracic irradiation compared to those in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients and research models. We will also assess how this knowledge of similarities could potentially be translated into interventions which would be beneficial for patients treated for thoracic tumors, where dose to lung tissue is often unavoidable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wiedemann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Robert P. Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter van Luijk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Peter van Luijk,
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