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Hu C, Chen Q, Wu T, Du X, Dong Y, Peng Z, Xue W, Sunkara V, Cho YK, Dong L. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311071. [PMID: 38639331 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has become a public health concern in elderly men due to an ever-increasing number of estimated cases. Unfortunately, the available treatments are unsatisfactory because of a lack of a durable response, especially in advanced disease states. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer encircled nanoscale vesicles that carry numerous biomolecules (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids), mediating the transfer of information. The past decade has witnessed a wide range of EV applications in both diagnostics and therapeutics. First, EV-based non-invasive liquid biopsies provide biomarkers in various clinical scenarios to guide treatment; EVs can facilitate the grading and staging of patients for appropriate treatment selection. Second, EVs play a pivotal role in pathophysiological processes via intercellular communication. Targeting key molecules involved in EV-mediated tumor progression (e.g., proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance) is a potential approach for curbing PCa. Third, EVs are promising drug carriers. Naïve EVs from various sources and engineered EV-based drug delivery systems have paved the way for the development of new treatment modalities. This review discusses the recent advancements in the application of EV therapies and highlights EV-based functional materials as novel interventions for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tianyang Wu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinxing Du
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yanhao Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zehong Peng
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Vijaya Sunkara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Algorithmic and Robotized Synthesis, Institute for Basic Science Ulsan, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Lee S, Verkhoturov DS, Eller MJ, Verkhoturov SV, Shaw MA, Gwon K, Kim Y, Lucien F, Malhi H, Revzin A, Schweikert EA. Nanoprojectile Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Enables Multiplexed Analysis of Individual Hepatic Extracellular Vesicles. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23584-23594. [PMID: 38033295 PMCID: PMC10985841 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer particles secreted by cells. EVs may carry markers of the tissue of origin and its disease state, which makes them incredibly promising for disease diagnosis and surveillance. While the armamentarium of EV analysis technologies is rapidly expanding, there remains a strong need for multiparametric analysis with single EV resolution. Nanoprojectile (NP) secondary ion mass spectrometry (NP-SIMS) relies on bombarding a substrate of interest with individual gold NPs resolved in time and space. Each projectile creates an impact crater of 10-20 nm in diameter while molecules emitted from each impact are mass analyzed and recorded as individual mass spectra. We demonstrate the utility of NP-SIMS for statistical analysis of single EVs derived from normal liver cells (hepatocytes) and liver cancer cells. EVs were captured on antibody (Ab)-functionalized gold substrate and then labeled with Abs carrying lanthanide (Ln) MS tags (Ab@Ln). These tags targeted four markers selected for identifying all EVs, and specific to hepatocytes or liver cancer. NP-SIMS was used to detect Ab@Ln-tags colocalized on the same EV and to construct scatter plots of surface marker expression for thousands of EVs with the capability of categorizing individual EVs. Additionally, NP-SIMS revealed information about the chemical nanoenvironment where targeted moieties colocalized. Our approach allowed analysis of population heterogeneity with single EV resolution and distinguishing between hepatocyte and liver cancer EVs based on surface marker expression. NP-SIMS holds considerable promise for multiplexed analysis of single EVs and may become a valuable tool for identifying and validating EV biomarkers of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonhwa Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Eller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | | | - Michael A. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Kihak Gwon
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yohan Kim
- Departments of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Fabrice Lucien
- Departments of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Emile A. Schweikert
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Lee S, Verkhoturov DS, Eller MJ, Verkhoturov SV, Shaw MA, Gwon K, Kim Y, Lucien F, Malhi H, Revzin A, Schweikert EA. Nanoprojectile Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Enables Multiplexed Analysis of Individual Hepatic Extracellular Vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.21.554053. [PMID: 37662200 PMCID: PMC10473594 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.21.554053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer particles secreted by cells. EVs may carry markers of the tissue of origin and its disease state which makes them incredibly promising for disease diagnosis and surveillance. While the armamentarium of EV analysis technologies is rapidly expanding, there remains a strong need for multiparametric analysis with single EV resolution. Nanoprojectile (NP) secondary ion mass spectrometry (NP-SIMS) relies on bombarding a substrate of interest with individual gold NPs resolved in time and space. Each projectile creates an impact crater of 10-20 nm in diameter while molecules emitted from each impact are mass analyzed and recorded as individual mass spectra. We demonstrate the utility of NP-SIMS for analysis of single EVs derived from normal liver cells (hepatocytes) and liver cancer cells. EVs were captured on antibody (Ab)-functionalized gold substrate then labeled with Abs carrying lanthanide (Ln) MS tags (Ab@Ln). These tags targeted four markers selected for identifying all EVs, and specific to hepatocytes or liver cancer. NP-SIMS was used to detect Ab@Ln-tags co-localized on the same EV and to construct scatter plots of surface marker expression for thousands of EVs with the capability of categorizing individual EVs. Additionally, NP-SIMS revealed information about the chemical nano-environment where targeted moieties co-localized. Our approach allowed analysis of population heterogeneity with single EV resolution and distinguishing between hepatocyte and liver cancer EVs based on surface marker expression. NP-SIMS holds considerable promise for multiplexed analysis of single EVs and may become a valuable tool for identifying and validating EV biomarkers of cancer and other diseases.
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Garcia DA, Jeans EB, Morris LK, Shiraishi S, Laughlin BS, Rong Y, Rwigema JCM, Foote RL, Herman MG, Qian J. A Radiomics-Based Classifier for the Progression of Oropharyngeal Cancer Treated with Definitive Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3715. [PMID: 37509376 PMCID: PMC10377821 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether radiomics features from pre-treatment positron emission tomography (PET) images could be used to predict disease progression in patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer treated with definitive proton or x-ray radiotherapy. Machine learning models were built using a dataset from Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (n = 72) and tested on a dataset from Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona (n = 22). A total of 71 clinical and radiomics features were considered. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to identify the top 2 clinical and top 20 radiomics features that were significantly different between progression and progression-free patients. Two dimensionality reduction methods were used to define two feature sets (manually filtered or machine-driven). A forward feature selection scheme was conducted on each feature set to build models of increased complexity (number of input features from 1 to 6) and evaluate model robustness and overfitting. The machine-driven features had superior performance and were less prone to overfitting compared to the manually filtered features. The four-variable Gaussian Naïve Bayes model using the 'Radiation Type' clinical feature and three machine-driven features achieved a training accuracy of 79% and testing accuracy of 77%. These results demonstrate that radiomics features can provide risk stratification beyond HPV-status to formulate individualized treatment and follow-up strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin A Garcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Jeans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lindsay K Morris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Satomi Shiraishi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brady S Laughlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Yi Rong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | | | - Robert L Foote
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael G Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jing Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Lin J, Zhuo Y, Zhang Y, Liu R, Zhong W. Molecular predictors of metastasis in patients with prostate cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:199-215. [PMID: 36860119 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2187289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is a serious threat to the health of older adults worldwide. The quality of life and survival time of patients sharply decline once metastasis occurs. Thus, early screening for prostate cancer is very advanced in developed countries. The detection methods used include Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection and digital rectal examination. However, the lack of universal access to early screening in some developing countries has resulted in an increased number of patients presenting with metastatic prostate cancer. In addition, the treatment methods for metastatic and localized prostate cancer are considerably different. In many patients, early-stage prostate cancer cells often metastasize due to delayed observation, negative PSA results, and delay in treatment time. Therefore, the identification of patients who are prone to metastasis is important for future clinical studies. AREAS COVERED this review introduced a large number of predictive molecules related to prostate cancer metastasis. These molecules involve the mutation and regulation of tumor cell genes, changes in the tumor microenvironment, and the liquid biopsy. EXPERT OPINION In next decade, PSMA PET/CT and liquid biopsy will be the excellent predicting tools, while 177 Lu- PSMA-RLT will be showed excellent anti-tumor efficacy in mPCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundong Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangjia Zhuo
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yixun Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weide Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Chinniah S, Stish B, Costello BA, Pagliaro L, Childs D, Quevedo F, Lucien F, Bryce A, Park SS, Orme JJ. Radiotherapy in Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 114:684-692. [PMID: 35878715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer ranges from localized, low risk to metastatic, morbid disease. While radiotherapy is commonly incorporated in the treatment of early disease or for palliation of symptomatic lesions, its role in extending survival in metastatic disease is less well-established. Here, we review the available evidence surrounding localized radiotherapy in the presence of oligometastatic disease and metastasis-directed therapy in both hormone-sensitive and hormone-resistant prostate cancer. We further outline potential future incorporation of radiotherapy as an immune-sensitizing therapy and the importance of highly sensitive imaging modalities in considering radiotherapy in metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradley Stish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Lance Pagliaro
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Daniel Childs
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Alan Bryce
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Sean S Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jacob J Orme
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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