Synchronous uterine adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma: A rare case report causing a clinical conundrum

FDG PET/MRI in Synchronous Uterine Adenocarcinoma and Leiomyosarcoma

ABSTRACT

A 52-year-old woman with a rapidly growing uterine tumor suspected of uterine sarcoma underwent 18F-FDG PET/MRI, revealing a myometrial mass and an endometrial lesion, suggesting dual primary neoplasms. Based on the PET/MRI findings, we changed the intraoperative procedure to determine the necessity of pelvic lymphadenectomy. PET/MRI was useful in diagnosing and differentiating between 2 malignant neoplasms in the uterus compared with PET/CT, due to MRI's high contrast resolution and precise fusion due to the simultaneous acquisition.

Synchronous Well-differentiated Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma and Leiomyosarcoma of the Uterus With Pulmonary Metastasis in a 50-Yr-Old Woman: A Case Report and Review of Literature

The most common synchronous gynecologic malignancies are endometrial and ovarian cancers. However, synchronous endometrial adenocarcinoma and uterine leiomyosarcoma are extremely rare. We report the case of a 50-yr-old woman who was diagnosed with concomitant endometrial adenocarcinoma and uterine leiomyosarcoma. The sarcomatous neoplasm was positive for anti-smooth muscle actin and CD10, and focally positive for Cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and Cytokeratin Cam 5.2. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoopherectomy followed by radiation, brachytherapy, and chemotherapy. Three years later, she presented with cough and dyspnea and was found to have pulmonary metastasis. These tumor cells were positive for anti-smooth muscle actin, Cytokeratin AE1/AE3, Cytokeratin Cam 5.2, and epithelial membrane antigen, and therefore a diagnosis of lung metastasis from myometrial leiomyosarcoma was made. She received chemotherapy postoperatively. Currently, the patient has multiple lung metastases, is on Megestrol Acetate and is clinically well. This is the first reported case of concomitant uterine malignancies with pulmonary metastases and a long follow-up of 9 yr. It is important to rule out carcinosarcoma as a differential diagnosis in such patients.

Coexistence of Cervical Leiomyosarcoma and Gastric-Type Adenocarcinoma In Situ with Extensive Extension to the Endometrium and Fallopian Tube

Cervical leiomyosarcoma is known to be rare from the previous reviews of a large number of malignant cervical tumors. The patient was a 66-year-old woman with irregular vaginal bleeding. She underwent modified radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy. Histopathologically, we diagnosed the coexistence of uterine cervical leiomyosarcoma and cervical gastric-type adenocarcinoma in situ with endometrial lesions that had continuous and skip patterns and fallopian tubal lesions with a partial lesion. To the best of our knowledge, cases of synchronous leiomyosarcoma and cancers have not often been reported; only two cases of synchronous cervical leiomyosarcoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma have been published. This case is the first presentation of coincidental primary cervical leiomyosarcoma and cervical gastric-type adenocarcinoma in situ. Additionally, we considered cervical gastric-type adenocarcinoma in situ with continuous lesions on the endometrium and skip lesions on the left fallopian tube.

Synchronous uterine adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma - a case study

Synchronous gynecological cancers are rarely described. Those cases account for approximately up to 6% of female genital tract malignancies. The presence of synchronous endometrial adenocarcinoma and gynecological tract neoplasia is rare - the most commonly described is synchronous adenocarcinoma and endometrial ovarian cancer (accounting for 15-20% of ovarian neoplasia and 5% of endometrial cancers). Concomitant uterine carcinosarcoma and ovarian cancer, or endometrial adenocarcinoma are extremely rare. Up till now, only 3 cases of synchronous adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma were described. In the present study a case of 60-year-old woman diagnosed with synchronous endometrial adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma uteri is described. As the preoperative evaluation revealed endometrial adenocarcinoma G2 with intermediate-risk of lymph node metastasis and synchronous leiomyosarcoma G3, total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and systemic lymphadenectomy was performed showing no lymphatic involvement. In the postoperative evaluation the patient was qualified to adenocarcinoma low recurrence-risk group (adenocarcinoma G1 with no LVSI, FIGO IA) - no further radiotherapy was required. However, as synchronous leiomyosarcoma G3 was diagnosed, we decided to refer the patient for adjuvant chemotherapy. Contemporary recommendation on the diagnosis and treatment of uterine carcinomas, especially uterine leiomyosarcomas, is also described in this paper. The presented case showed that diagnosis and treatment of women with uterine tumors should be individualized as in the same case an extremely rare cancer type can be present which, consequently, changes the treatment regimen and prognosis.