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Brambullo T, De Lazzari A, Franchi A, Trevisson E, Garau ML, Scarmozzino F, Vindigni V, Bassetto F. A Misdiagnosed Familiar Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2240. [PMID: 38673513 PMCID: PMC11050603 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim of the report: Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by the growth of cylindromas, spiradenomas, trichoepitheliomas, or their combination. These neoplasms usually begin in the second decade and progressively increase in number and size over the years. Diagnosis necessitates consideration of family history, clinical examination, histological findings, and genetic analysis. The aim of this paper is to explore the clinical overlap between Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS) and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). We aim to highlight the challenges associated with their differential diagnosis and emphasize the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches. Case presentation: Hereby, we introduce the case of a 28-year-old male referred for suspicion of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who initially declined the recommended surgical excision for a scalp mass. After four years, he returned with larger masses of the scalp, and underwent excision of multiple masses, revealing cylindromas, spiradenomas, and spiradenocylindromas. Family history reported similar tumors in his father, who was also diagnosed with NF1 for the presence of multiple subcutaneous lesions on the scalp. Clinical overlap led to a genetic consultation, but testing for CYLD mutations yielded no significant variations. Despite this, the strong family history and consistent findings led to a revised diagnosis of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, correcting the initial misdiagnosis of NF1 syndrome. Conclusions: Thanks to the evolving landscape of BSS research over the past two decades, its molecular underpinnings, clinical presentation, and histopathological features are now clearer. However, a thorough family history assessment is mandatory when BSS is suspected. It is our belief that a multidisciplinary approach and cooperation between specialists are essential when dealing with BSS. By sharing this case, we hope to underscore the importance of considering BSS as a differential diagnosis, especially in cases with atypical presentations or overlapping features with other syndromes like NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Brambullo
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Alberto De Lazzari
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Arianna Franchi
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.T.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Maria Luisa Garau
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.T.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Federico Scarmozzino
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Vindigni
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Franco Bassetto
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (T.B.); (A.D.L.); (A.F.); (V.V.)
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Watanabe Y, Mori T, Makino T, Yamamoto T. Giant Vascular Cylindroma in a Case of Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome. Indian Dermatol Online J 2022; 13:792-793. [PMID: 36386726 PMCID: PMC9650742 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_33_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yukina Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Address for correspondence: Dr. Yukina Watanabe, Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Tatsuhiko Mori
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Makino
- Department of Dermatology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Letona-García NJ, Vasquez-Bonilla WO, Medina P, Porres-Paredes HS, Muñoz-Lara F. Síndrome de Brooke-Spiegler: una infrecuente enfermedad a tener en cuenta en la práctica dermatológica. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/10.21931/rb/2022.07.03.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El síndrome de Brooke-Spiegler (SBS) es una enfermedad autosómica dominante infrecuente, los pacientes con el SBS presentan mutaciones en el gen supresor tumoral CYLD, más frecuente en mujeres que hombres, entre la segunda y tercera década de la vida con una relación hombre:mujer de 1:6-9.6 y su incidencia exacta se desconoce. Clínicamente se presentan de manera simultánea cilindroma, tricoepiteliomas y espiroadenomas. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 64 años, quien consultó por aparición de masas en cabeza, tronco y las cuatro extremidades de 10 años de evolución, posteriormente aparecieron lesiones en cuero cabelludo, donde el crecimiento tuvo una evolución más lenta y que llegaron a ulcerarse; busca atención medica hasta que las lesiones iniciaron a ulcerarse, por lo cual fue referida al Hospital General San Juan de Dios de la Ciudad de Guatemala, al servicio de dermatología, donde se le realizó hematología completa, química sanguínea, tomografía computarizada de cráneo y biopsia incisional en sacabocados de 4 mm de piel de frente, mentón, región preauricular derecha y pierna derecha, el estudio histopatológico de las lesiones cutáneas en las regiones preauricular derecha y de frente reporto cilindroma, piel de mentón tricoepitelioma y piel de pierna derecha espiroadenoma. Con los hallazgos clínicos, estudios de imagen y hallazgos histopatológico se llega al diagnóstico de síndrome de Brooke-Spiegler. El tratamiento fue la prescripción cuidados de piel y derivación a cirugía plástica para tratamiento quirúrgico reconstructivo y seguimiento por la consulta externa de dermatología y cirugía plástica. La presencia de cilindromas, tricoepiteliomas y espiroadenomas hacen pensar en un síndrome de Brooke-Spiegler, que tienden a tener presentaciones muy sugestivas, como el tumor en turbante y desfiguración de la región de la cabeza. El abordaje es multidisciplinario, sin un tratamiento definitivo y seguimiento para evaluar las posibles conversiones a malignidad de las lesiones ulceradas.
Palabras claves: Cilindroma, CYLD, Espiroadenoma, Histopatología.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter O. Vasquez-Bonilla
- Departamento de Patología. Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Guatemala, Guatemala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH). Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Pebbles Medina
- Departamento de Patología. Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | | | - Fausto Muñoz-Lara
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH). Tegucigalpa, Hondura
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Muehlenberg K. [64-year-old patient with alterations on the scalp]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2022; 147:349-350. [PMID: 35291042 DOI: 10.1055/a-1747-6739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Muehlenberg
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und interventionelle Endoskopie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg
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Non-Surgical Touch-Up with Hyaluronic Acid Fillers Following Facial Reconstructive Surgery. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of hyaluronic acid (HA) injectable fillers has become increasingly widespread in facial recontouring and rejuvenation. We report our experiences to emphasize the role of HA fillers as tools beyond aesthetic treatments in cases of post-surgical facial sequelae. HA fillers are generally used for aesthetic rejuvenation, but one potential new horizon could be their application in trauma, reconstructive, and craniofacial surgery. This study was conducted retrospectively, evaluating medical reports of patients treated at the Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, for lip incompetence, trauma, oncological, reconstructive, and craniosynostosis surgery sequelae. Visual analog scale (VAS) evaluation was performed to assess patient satisfaction. No major complications (i.e., impending necrosis or visual loss) were reported. Bruising and swelling was reported for 48 h after lip injection. At the immediate VAS evaluation, 67% of the patients were “extremely satisfied” and 33% “satisfied”. In those 33%, VAS scores changed to “extremely satisfied” at 6–9 weeks and 3–6 months of VAS evaluation (contextually to improvement in tissue flexibility, elasticity, and aesthetic appearance). Results indicate that this minimally invasive approach achieves a high level of aesthetic enhancement, improving patient satisfaction. The concept of HA filler applications could be a frontier that may be applicable to other areas of reconstructive facial plastic surgery.
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Li Z, Li G, Jiang X, Fu X. Giant vascular eccrine spiradenoma: the first case in the scrotum and review of the literature author. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:37. [PMID: 33941210 PMCID: PMC8091673 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Giant vascular eccrine spiradenoma is a rare variant of eccrine spiradenoma. It is different from the eccrine spiradenoma in its larger size and greater degree of vascularity. It is often clinically confusedwith a vascular or malignant tumor. Case presentation Here, we report a case of a 67-year-old man who presented with a tumor in the scrotum scrotal region for 6 years. The tumor had begun as a small nodule and had grown slowly with over time. Surgical excision and pathological examination revealed that the lesion was the a giant vascular eccrine spiradenoma. Conclusion This study reports the first case of giant vascular eccrine spiradenoma in the scrotum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing General Hospital, 400013, ;2, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing General Hospital, 400013, ;2, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing General Hospital, 400013, ;2, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoming Fu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Songshi Bei Road 426, Yubei District, 401147, Chongqing, China.
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Xing Y, Wu X, Xu C, Sun L, Li H, Zhang Y, Xue H, Ye Y. Ultrasonographic features of eccrine spiradenoma: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25469. [PMID: 33832160 PMCID: PMC8036088 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Eccrine spiradenoma (ES) is a rare benign skin adnexal tumor originating from eccrine sweat glands. The features of ES on ultrasonography (US) have received little attention. Therefore, we report the sonographic findings in a case of an ES that originated from the abdominal wall and discuss the previously reported cases. PATIENT CONCERNS A 53-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of a painful nodule on the right side of her abdominal wall of 1-year duration. DIAGNOSES The mass on the right side of abdominal wall was diagnosed as ES by histopathological examination. INTERVENTIONS The patient subsequently underwent total excision of the mass. OUTCOMES The patient recovered well and had no complications during the 1-year follow-up. LESSONS As eccrine spiradenoma (ES) is rare and most of the tumors are excised without prior imaging studies. Little is known regarding the features of ES on ultrasonography (US). Familiarizing with the clinical and US features of this rare tumor may increase awareness of the disease among sonographers and clinicians.
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Pap ÉM, Farkas K, Széll M, Németh G, Rajan N, Nagy N. Identification of putative phenotype-modifying genetic factors associated with phenotypic diversity in Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1017-1020. [PMID: 32744342 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS, OMIM 605041) is a rare monogenic skin disease characterized by the development of skin appendage tumors caused by mutations in the cylindromatosis gene. We recently investigated a Hungarian and an Anglo-Saxon pedigrees affected by Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. Despite carrying the same disease-causing mutation (c.2806C>T, p.Arg936X) of the cylindromatosis (CYLD) gene, the affected family members of the two pedigrees exhibit striking differences in their phenotypes. To identify phenotype-modifying genetic factors, whole exome sequencing was performed and the data from the Hungarian and Anglo-Saxon BSS patients were compared. Three putative phenotype-modifying genetic variants were identified: the rs1053023 SNP of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene, the rs1131877 SNP of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) gene and the rs202122812 SNP of the neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1 (NBR1) gene. Our study contributes to the accumulating evidence for the clinical importance of phenotype-modifying genetic factors, which are potentially important for the elucidation of disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Melinda Pap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Farkas
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márta Széll
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Dermatological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Németh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Neil Rajan
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nikoletta Nagy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Dermatological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Utility of a New Artificial Dermis as a Successful Tool in Face and Scalp Reconstruction for Skin Cancer: Analysis of the Efficacy, Safety, and Aesthetic Outcomes. Dermatol Res Pract 2020; 2020:4874035. [PMID: 32765599 PMCID: PMC7388001 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4874035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical ablative surgery is the gold standard treatment of head skin cancer. The authors expose their experience with a new artificial dermis (Pelnac®), analyzing retrospectively the overall morbidity and aesthetic outcomes. 16 consecutive patients underwent two surgical procedures under local anesthesia. The first involved the tumor removal and application of the ADM. In the second, the exposed tissue was covered with a split-thickness skin graft. On follow-up (6 months), tumor recurrences, quality of scars (using the Vancouver Scar Scale), and patient reported outcomes (using FACE-Q Skin Cancer Module) were evaluated. 10 were males and 6 females, with a mean age of 73 years (61-89). The follow-up ranged from 12 to 48 months (mean: 30). The sites of skin tumor were scalp (12 cases), forehead (2), cheek (1), and zygomatic area (1). Nine patients underwent previous local surgery; two received radiotherapy. The average length of hospital stay was 3.2 days. The mean surface area of the defect was 59.15 cm2 (16.9-89.5). In three cases, the surgical bed was bone without periosteum. The malignant tumors excised were basal cell carcinoma (68.75%), squamous cell carcinoma (18.75%), malignant melanoma (6.25%), and sarcoma (6.25%). The mean operating time was 41 minutes for the first operation (25-55) and 34 for the second (25-48). No significant problems were observed and 15 patients (93.75%) had 100 percent intake of graft. The mean time of healing was 39 days (32-45). At 6 months post-op, no tumor recurrence. Satisfactory cosmetic and functional results were obtained in all patients as shown by the VSS Scale and FACEQ skin cancer module mean scores. We believe that the artificial dermis is a reliable alternative to flaps and should be considered an excellent option in head reconstruction for skin cancer, especially in critical patients (old, with large and deep defects, with recurrent tumors, required radiotherapy).
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The Role of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Dermal Regenerative Templates, and Platelet-Rich Plasma in Tissue Engineering-Based Treatments of Chronic Skin Wounds. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:7056261. [PMID: 32399048 PMCID: PMC7199611 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7056261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous improvements in the field of both regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have allowed the design of new and more efficacious strategies for the treatment of chronic or hard-to-heal skin wounds, which represent heavy burden, from a medical and economic point of view. These novel approaches are based on the usage of three key methodologies: stem cells, growth factors, and biomimetic scaffolds. These days, the adipose tissue can be considered the main source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, especially adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). ASCs are easily accessible from various fat depots and show an intrinsic plasticity in giving rise to cell types involved in wound healing and angiogenesis. ASCs can be found in fat grafts, historically used in the treatment of chronic wounds, and have been evaluated as such in both animal models and human trials, to exploit their capability of accelerating wound closure and inducing a correct remodeling of the newly formed fibrovascular tissue. Since survival and fitness of ASCs need to be improved, they are now employed in conjunction with advanced wound dressings, together with dermal regenerative templates and platelet-rich plasma (as a source of growth and healing factors). In this work, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the topic, based on existing studies and on our own experience.
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