Saadaat R, Haidary AM, Ibrahimkhil AS, Abdul-Ghafar J. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma involving colon with unusual histologic features and diagnostic challenges: A case report.
Int J Surg Case Rep 2021;
80:105627. [PMID:
33607369 PMCID:
PMC7900213 DOI:
10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.02.013]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic RCC in the colon, although very rare, should be kept in the differential diagnosis of patients with lower GI bleeding, particularly patients with a prior history of kidney mass or nephrectomy
Most common type of primary or metastatic RCC is Clear-cell-type.
We reported the first case of rhabdoid-RCC metastasizing to colon.
In the absence of IHC-stains, rhabdoid-RCC may be misdiagnosed as soft-tissue-sarcoma or other poorly differentiated carcinomas.
Our case exclusively occurred in a woman while colonic metastasis of RCC commonly occurring in males.
Introduction and importance
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 3% of all malignancies in adults, on its own being the 3rd most common urologic malignancy. Commonly RCC metastasizes to lung, bone, liver, brain but rarely to colorectum. Here we present the metastasis of RCC to colon with unusual histologic features.
Case presentation
A 40-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain and constipation. Colonoscopy showed an ulcerative mass 30 cm from anal verge. Subsequently, she underwent abdominoperineal resection of the involved portion of colon and the biopsy was sent to us for histopathological analysis. Grossly, it was a large fungating mass. Microscopic examination revealed a malignant neoplasm with polygonal cells, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of RCC.
Clinical discussion
Colon rarely infiltrated by metastasis from RCC and so far, around 25 of such cases have been reported in the literature. Most common metastatic type of RCC to gastrointestinal tract is clear cell type. In our patient, the type of the metastatic RCC to colon was RCC with rhabdoid features. RCC with rhabdoid features is rare (3–5% of all RCC), but it is highly aggressive with higher chance of metastasis, extra renal invasion and poorer prognosis.
Conclusion
RCC should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis of colorectal cancers. Appropriate immunohistochemical workup would then reveal the correct diagnosis.
Collapse