Hemangiopericytoma of the spleen

Spleen-targeted delivery systems and strategies for spleen-related diseases

The spleen, body's largest secondary lymphoid organ, is also a vital hematopoietic and immunological organ. It is regarded as one of the most significant organs in humans. As more researchers recognize the functions of the spleen, clinical methods for treating splenic diseases and spleen-targeted drug delivery systems to improve the efficacy of spleen-related therapies have gradually developed. Many modification strategies (size, charge, ligand, protein corona) and hitchhiking strategies (erythrocytes, neutrophils) of nanoparticles (NPs) have shown a significant increase in spleen targeting efficiency. However, most of the targeted drug therapy strategies for the spleen are to enhance or inhibit the immune function of the spleen to achieve therapeutic effects, and there are few studies on spleen-related diseases. In this review, we not only provide a detailed summary of the design rules for spleen-targeted drug delivery systems in recent years, but also introduce common spleen diseases (splenic tumors, splenic injuries, and splenomegaly) with the hopes of generating more ideas for future spleen research.

[Treatment of a patient with giant solitary fibrous tumor of the left hip]

The authors report surgical treatment of a 59-year-old female with a giant solitary-fibrous tumor of the left hip. Previous excision of hip hemangioma was performed in 2016. Recurrent tumor with fast growth has occurred since 2018. The neoplasm consisted of 2 tumors connected by vascular structures. CT revealed soft tissue neoplasms in the upper third of the left thigh (anterior, medial and dorsal regions). Large tumors with an isthmus along the inner surface had tuberous contours and internal septa. The last ones and walls accumulated contrast agent. No structural damage to femoral muscles was observed. The patient underwent resection of tumor and vascular ligation (great saphenous vein and its tributaries along the anterior surface, arteries from the deep femoral artery system along the posterior surface of tumor). There were no early postoperative complications. There are no complaints within 6 month after surgery. There is no lower limb dysfunction.

Retroperitoneal haemangiopericytoma

A 55-year-old woman, diagnosed with a renal mass by abdominal ultrasonography (USG) in an external medical centre, presented to our hospital. The medical history was unremarkable except for diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The haemogram and urine tests were normal. The only pathology revealed in routine biochemistry tests was increased glucose level (164 mg/dL). The repeat USG performed in our hospital revealed a solid hypoechoic mass lesion approximately 4 cm in diameter closely adjacent to the right kidney. At Doppler ultrasonography, the tumour demonstrated intense vascularisation. An abdominal CT scan was performed to characterise the lesion. The CT scan revealed a 42Ã-39 mm mass lesion with regular contours adjacent to the right kidney. In the arterial phase, the tumour demonstrated intense enhancement and in the delayed phase the images showed washout (figure 1). The patient underwent surgery and after histopathological examination retroperitoneal haemangiopericytoma was diagnosed and no relapse or distant organ metastasis was detected throughout the 2-year follow-up.

Combined therapy against recurrent and intracranial invasion of sinonasal hemangiopericytoma: A case report

Sinonasal hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a soft tissue tumor of vascular origin. Open surgical methods and endoscopic techniques are considered the standard treatments for sinonasal HPC. However, local recurrences resulting from residual tumors are common. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy have also been used to treat HPC, however, the number of studies which have investigated effective adjuvant treatments in the literature are limited. The current study reports a 42-year-old male with recurrent and intracranial invasion of sinonasal HPC, diagnosed in Xuanwu Hospital (Beijing, China). The patient underwent multiple surgeries to remove the tumors, however, no adjuvant therapy was adopted during this period and the tumors reoccurred within 1 year. On admittance to Tangshan People's Hospital (Tangshan, China), the patient presented with limited mouth opening and chewing ability, and hearing loss. Under observation using an electron microscope, HPC usually consists of spindle-shaped cells with elongated nuclei and displays characteristic staghorn-like vascular channels. In the present case, immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin-embedded sections of the tumor. The tumor cells expressed CD34, CD68(+/-), epithelial membrane antigen, CD31, α-actin, desmin, CD99, S-100, B-cell lymphoma-2 and Ki-67 (30%), but were negative for creatine kinase. The patient was treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, which demonstrated efficacy. No recurrence and metastasis was observed at the 1 year follow-up subsequent to the combined therapy.