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Sampath V, Cho S, Jeong J, Mun S, Lee CH, Hermes RG, Taechavasonyoo A, Smeets N, Kirwan S, Han K, Kim IH. Dietary Bacillus spp. supplementation to both sow and progenies improved post-weaning growth rate, gut function, and reduce the pro-inflammatory cytokine production in weaners challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:3. [PMID: 38268054 PMCID: PMC10809626 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of probiotics (PRO) in late gestation sow and their impact on progenies' performance during the post-weaning stage has received more attention from the researchers recently. This study aimed to analyze the effect of probiotic mixture (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) on both sow and offspring's performance. METHODS First experiment (Exp.1) was conducted from the 100th day of gestation through to post-weaning. A total of twenty sows and their litters were assigned to one of two dietary treatments, Control (CON) based diet and PRO- CON+ 0.05% probiotic mixture. Dietary treatments were arranged in a split-plot pattern with sow and weaner treatment (CON and PRO diet) as the main and sub plot. Exp.2. E. coli challenge study was carried out two weeks after weaning with 40 piglets. Dietary treatments remained same while all pigs were orally administered with a 1.5 ml suspension of 1010 CFU of K88 strain of E. coli per ml. RESULT PRO group sow showed significantly decreased backfat thickness difference and body weight difference after farrowing and at the end of weaning d21. The nutrient digestibility of PRO group sows was significantly higher at the end of weaning. Moreover, piglets born from PRO group sow showed higher weaning weight and tend to increase average daily gain at the end of d21. The addition of mixed probiotic in sow and weaner diet had suppressed the production of TNF-α and interleukin-6 in E. coli challenged pigs. The phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in E. coli -challenged pigs were highly abundant while, the relative abundance of clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 at genus level was significantly reduced by the inclusion of probiotic in both the sow and weaner diet. Also, taxonomic distribution analysis showed significantly lower prevalence of Clostridium and Brachyspira and higher prevalence of Lactobacilli in E. coli-challenged pigs that were born from PRO group sow and fed CON and PRO weaner diet. CONCLUSION This study reveals that the inclusion of 0.05% mixed probiotics (Bacillus spp.) to both sow and their progenies diet would be more beneficial to enhance the post-weaning growth rate, gut health, and immune status of E. coli challenged pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetriselvi Sampath
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, South Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, South Korea
| | - Jinuk Jeong
- Department of Bioconvergence Engineering, Dankook University, Jukjeon, 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Mun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon Han Lee
- Kemin Industries Inc Headquarters, 1900 Scott Ave Des Moines, Des Moines, IA, 50317, USA
| | - Rafael Gustavo Hermes
- Kemin Industries Inc Headquarters, 1900 Scott Ave Des Moines, Des Moines, IA, 50317, USA
| | | | - Natasja Smeets
- Kemin Industries Inc Headquarters, 1900 Scott Ave Des Moines, Des Moines, IA, 50317, USA
| | - Susanne Kirwan
- Kemin Industries Inc Headquarters, 1900 Scott Ave Des Moines, Des Moines, IA, 50317, USA
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, South Korea.
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Morphological Assessment and Biomarkers of Low-Grade, Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Production Animals. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213036. [PMID: 36359160 PMCID: PMC9654368 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Production animals are continuously exposed to environmental and dietary factors that might induce a state of low-grade, chronic intestinal inflammation. This condition compromises the productive performance and well-fare of these animals, requiring studies to understand what causes it and to develop control strategies. An intestinal inflammatory process is generally associated with alterations in the structure and functionality of its wall, resulting in the release of cellular components into the blood and/or feces. These components can act as biomarkers, i.e., they are measured to identify and quantify an inflammatory process without requiring invasive methods. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of low-grade inflammation, its effects on animal production and sustainability, and the identification of biomarkers that could provide early diagnosis of this process and support studies of useful interventional strategies. Abstract The complex interaction between the intestinal mucosa, the gut microbiota, and the diet balances the host physiological homeostasis and is fundamental for the maximal genetic potential of production animals. However, factors such as chemical and physical characteristics of the diet and/or environmental stressors can continuously affect this balance, potentially inducing a state of chronic low-grade inflammation in the gut, where inflammatory parameters are present and demanding energy, but not in enough intensity to provoke clinical manifestations. It’s vital to expand the understanding of inflammation dynamics and of how they compromise the function activity and microscopic morphology of the intestinal mucosa. These morphometric alterations are associated with the release of structural and functional cellular components into the feces and the blood stream creating measurable biomarkers to track this condition. Moreover, the identification of novel, immunometabolic biomarkers can provide dynamic and predictors of low-grade chronic inflammation, but also provide indicators of successful nutritional or feed additive intervention strategies. The objective of this paper is to review the mechanisms of low-grade inflammation, its effects on animal production and sustainability, and the biomarkers that could provide early diagnosis of this process and support studies of useful interventional strategies.
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Boeckman JX, Sprayberry S, Korn AM, Suchodolski JS, Paulk C, Genovese K, Rech RR, Giaretta PR, Blick AK, Callaway T, Gill JJ. Effect of chronic and acute enterotoxigenic E. coli challenge on growth performance, intestinal inflammation, microbiome, and metabolome of weaned piglets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5024. [PMID: 35323827 PMCID: PMC8943154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-weaning enteropathies in swine caused by pathogenic E. coli, such as post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) or edema disease (ED), remain a significant problem for the swine industry. Reduction in the use of antibiotics over concerns of antibiotic resistance and public health concerns, necessitate the evaluation of effective antibiotic alternatives to prevent significant loss of livestock and/or reductions in swine growth performance. For this purpose, an appropriate piglet model of pathogenic E. coli enteropathy is required. In this study, we attempted to induce clinical signs of post-weaning disease in a piglet model using a one-time acute or lower daily chronic dose of a pathogenic E. coli strain containing genes for both heat stable and labile toxins, as well as Shiga toxin. The induced disease state was monitored by determining fecal shedding and colonization of the challenge strain, animal growth performance, cytokine levels, fecal calprotectin, histology, fecal metabolomics, and fecal microbiome shifts. The most informative analyses were colonization and shedding of the pathogen, serum cytokines, metabolomics, and targeted metagenomics to determine dysbiosis. Histopathological changes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and tight junction leakage as measured by fecal calprotectin concentrations were not observed. Chronic dosing was similar to the acute regimen suggesting that a high dose of pathogen, as used in many studies, may not be necessary. The piglet disease model presented here can be used to evaluate alternative PWD treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin X Boeckman
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Sprayberry
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Abby M Korn
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chad Paulk
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Grain Science and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kenneth Genovese
- USDA-ARS, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Raquel R Rech
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Paula R Giaretta
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anna K Blick
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Todd Callaway
- USDA-ARS, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jason J Gill
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. .,Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Transmission of Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol, and Their Derivatives from Sows to Piglets during Lactation. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13010037. [PMID: 33419041 PMCID: PMC7825292 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sows were fed naturally contaminated diets containing: (i) 100 ppb zearalenone (ZEN) one week before farrowing and during the lactation period (at 26 days), (ii) 100 ppb ZEN one week before farrowing and 300 ppb ZEN during the lactation period, or (iii) 300 ppb ZEN one week before farrowing and during the lactation period. All diets contained 250 ppb deoxynivalenol (DON). The highest levels of ZEN, α-ZEL, or β-ZEL were observed in the serum of sows fed 300 ppb ZEN before farrowing and during lactation. However, only α-ZEL was significantly increased in the colostrum and milk of these sows. Sows fed the 300 ppb ZEN during the complete trial presented a significant decrease in backfat thickness before farrowing. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in serum leptin levels. These sows also presented a decrease in estradiol levels and this effect was observed in their piglets exposed during lactation, which presented increased glucagon-like peptide 1, but no changes in serum levels of ZEN, α-ZEL, or β-ZEL. Although all sows were fed the same levels of DON, the serum levels of DON and de-epoxy-DON were increased only in the serum of piglets from the sows fed a diet with the highest ZEN levels during the whole experimental period. Moreover, these piglets presented gut inflammation, as indicated by significantly increased calprotectin levels in their serum.
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Łoniewska B, Adamek K, Węgrzyn D, Kaczmarczyk M, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Clark J, Adler G, Tousty J, Uzar I, Tousty P, Łoniewski I. Analysis of Faecal Zonulin and Calprotectin Concentrations in Healthy Children During the First Two Years of Life. An Observational Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030777. [PMID: 32178435 PMCID: PMC7141325 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors affecting the intestinal-barrier permeability of newborns, such as body mass index (BMI), nutrition and antibiotics, are assumed to affect intestinal-barrier permeability in the first two years of life. This study assessed 100 healthy, full-term newborns to 24 months old. Faecal zonulin/calprotectin concentrations were measured at 1, 6, 12, 24 months as gut-permeability markers. Zonulin concentrations increased between 1 and 12 months (medians: 114.41, 223.7 ng/mL; respectively), whereas calprotectin concentrations decreased between one and six months (medians: 149. 29, 109.28 µg/mL); both then stabilized (24 months: 256.9 ng/mL zonulin; 59.5 µg/mL calprotectin). In individual children, high levels at one month gave high levels at older ages (correlations: calprotectin: between 1 and 6 or 12 months: correlation coefficient (R) = 0.33, statistical significance (p) = 0.0095; R = 0.28, p = 0.032; zonulin: between 1 and 24 months: R = 0.32; p = 0.022, respectively). Parameters which gave marker increases: antibiotics during pregnancy (calprotectin; six months: by 80%, p = 0.038; 12 months: by 48%, p = 0.028); vaginal birth (calprotectin: 6 months: by 140%, p = 0.005); and > 5.7 pregnancy-BMI increase (zonulin: 12 months: by 74%, p = 0.049). Conclusions: “Closure of the intestines” is spread over time and begins between the sixth and twelfth month of life. Antibiotic therapy, BMI increase > 5.7 during pregnancy and vaginal birth are associated with increased intestinal permeability during the first two years of life. Stool zonulin and calprotectin concentrations were much higher compared with previous measurements at older ages; clinical interpretation and validation are needed (no health associations found).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Łoniewska
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland; (K.A.); (D.W.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(91)-466-1375
| | - Karolina Adamek
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland; (K.A.); (D.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Dagmara Węgrzyn
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland; (K.A.); (D.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland; (M.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-460, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (I.Ł.)
| | - Jeremy Clark
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland; (M.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Grażyna Adler
- Department of Studies in Anthropogenetics and Biogerontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland;
| | - Joanna Tousty
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland; (K.A.); (D.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Izabela Uzar
- Department of General Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-230, Poland;
| | - Piotr Tousty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland;
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-460, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (I.Ł.)
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Wang S, Yao B, Gao H, Zang J, Tao S, Zhang S, Huang S, He B, Wang J. Combined supplementation of Lactobacillus fermentum and Pediococcus acidilactici promoted growth performance, alleviated inflammation, and modulated intestinal microbiota in weaned pigs. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:239. [PMID: 31291967 PMCID: PMC6617942 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are important for pigs to enhance health and intestinal development, which are potential alternative to antibiotics. Many studies have reported the functions of single bacterial strain as probiotic on the animals. In this study, we evaluated effects of combined probiotics on growth performance, inflammation and intestinal microbiota in weaned pigs. One hundred and eight pigs, weaned at 28 day old (7.12 ± 0.08 kg), were randomly divided into the 3 dietary treatments with 6 pens and 6 pigs per pen (half male and half female). The experimental period lasted for 28 days and treatments were as follows: i. CONTROL basal diet; ii. Antibiotic: the basal diet plus 75 mg· kg- 1 chlortetracycline; and iii. Probiotics: basal diet plus 4% compound probiotics. RESULTS Supplementation probiotics improved average daily gain over the entire 28 days (P < 0.01) and feed efficiency in the last 14 days (P < 0.05) compared with the other two groups. Both probiotics and antibiotic supplementation decreased concentrations of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (P < 0.05) and interferon-γ (P < 0.01). Probiotics group had greater abundance of Lactobacillus in the caecal digesta and Firmicutes in the colonic digesta, while both probiotics and antibiotic supplementation inhibited Treponema_2 and Anaerovibrio in the caecal digesta. Caecal acetic and propionic acid (P < 0.05) of probiotics group were higher than the other two groups, whereas concentrations of colonic lactic acid and propionic acid (P < 0.05) of antibiotic group were lower than control and probiotics groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that combined supplementation of Lactobacillus fermentum and Pediococcus acidilactici regulate the gut health and improve the host ADG and F/G by decreasing serum pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IFN-γ), promoting beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus in the caecal digesta and Firmicutes in the colonic digesta), enhancing production of short chain fatty acids, and inhibiting pathogens (Treponema_2, Anaerovibrio in the caecal digesta).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bingqian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianjun Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shiyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Beibei He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Celi P, Verlhac V, Pérez Calvo E, Schmeisser J, Kluenter AM. Biomarkers of gastrointestinal functionality in animal nutrition and health. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lei Z, Liu Q, Xiong J, Yang B, Yang S, Zhu Q, Li K, Zhang S, Cao J, He Q. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Marbofloxacin and PK/PD Modeling against Escherichia coli in Pigs. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:542. [PMID: 28871226 PMCID: PMC5566571 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of marbofloxacin and establish the optimal dose regimens for decreasing the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in pigs against Escherichia coli with ex vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling. The recommended dose (2 mg/kg body weight) of marbofloxacin was orally administered in healthy pigs. The ileum content and plasma were both collected for the determination of marbofloxacin. The main parameters of Cmax, AUC0-24 h, AUC, Ke, t1/2ke, MRT and Clb were 11.28 μg/g, 46.15, 77.81 μg⋅h/g, 0.001 h-1, 69.97 h, 52.45 h, 0.026 kg/h in ileum content, and 0.55 μg/ml, 8.15, 14.67 μg⋅h/ml, 0.023 h-1, 30.67 h, 34.83 h, 0.14 L/h in plasma, respectively In total, 218 E. coli strains were isolated from most cities of China. The antibacterial activity in vitro and ex vivo of marbofloxacin against E. coli was determined following CLSI guidance. The MIC90 of sensitive strains (142) was calculated as 2 μg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HB197 was 2 and 4 μg/ml in broth and ileum fluids, respectively. In vitro mutant prevention concentration, growth and killing-time in vitro and ex vivo of marbofloxacin against selected HB197 were assayed for pharmacodynamic studies. According to the inhibitory sigmoid Emax modeling, the value of AUC0-24 h/MIC produced in ileum content was achieved, and bacteriostatic, bactericidal activity, and elimination were calculated as 16.26, 23.54, and 27.18 h, respectively. Based on Monte Carlo simulations to obtain 90% target attainment rate, the optimal doses to achieve bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects were 0.85, 1.22, and 1.41 mg/kg.bw for 50% target, respectively, and 0.92, 1.33, and 1.53 mg/kg.bw for 90% target, respectively, after oral administration. The results in this study provided a more optimized alternative for clinical use and demonstrated that the dosage 2 mg/kg of marbofloxacin by oral administration could have an effect on bactericidal activity against E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Lei
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Qianying Liu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jincheng Xiong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Shuaike Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Shishuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jiyue Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhan, China
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Wassenaar TM. Insights from 100 Years of Research with Probiotic E. Coli. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2016; 6:147-161. [PMID: 27766164 PMCID: PMC5063008 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2016.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A century ago, Alfred Nissle discovered that intentional intake of particular strains of Escherichia coli could treat patients suffering from infectious diseases. Since then, one of these strains became the most frequently used probiotic E. coli in research and was applied to a variety of human conditions. Here, properties of that E. coli Nissle 1917 strain are compared with other commercially available E. coli probiotic strains, with emphasis on their human applications. A literature search formed the basis of a summary of research findings reported for the probiotics Mutaflor, Symbioflor 2, and Colinfant. The closest relatives of the strains in these products are presented, and their genetic content, including the presence of virulence, genes is discussed. A similarity to pathogenic strains causing urinary tract infections is noticeable. Historic trends in research of probiotics treatment for particular human conditions are identified. The future of probiotic E. coli may lay in what Alfred Nissle originally discovered: to treat gastrointestinal infections, which nowadays are often caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy M. Wassenaar
- Molecular Microbiology and Genomics Consultants, Tannenstrasse 7, 55576 Zotzenheim, Germany
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Heim G, Sweeney T, O'Shea C, Doyle D, O’Doherty J. Effect of maternal dietary supplementation of laminarin and fucoidan, independently or in combination, on pig growth performance and aspects of intestinal health. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Li F, Ma J, Geng S, Wang J, Liu J, Zhang J, Sheng X. Fecal calprotectin concentrations in healthy children aged 1-18 months. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119574. [PMID: 25742018 PMCID: PMC4351193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Fecal calprotectin (FC) is an established biomarker of gut inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate FC concentrations in healthy children between 1 and 18 months of age. Methods Healthy children aged 1-18 months were enrolled in this study at the Department of Children's Health Care in Shanghai, China. Children’s stool samples were collected and analyzed, and FC concentration was determined using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The children's weights and lengths were measured. Parents were asked to complete a brief questionnaire regarding several clinical and sociodemographic factors. Results The FC concentrations were unevenly distributed; the median FC concentration was 174.3 μg/g (range: 6.0-1097.7 μg/g) or 2.241 log10 μg/g (range: 0.775-3.041 log10 μg/g) for all 288 children. The children were divided into several age groups: 1-3 months, 3-6 months, 6-9 months, 9-12 months and 12-18 months. The median FC concentrations for these age groups were 375.2 μg/g (2.574 log10 μg/g), 217.9 μg/g (2.338 log10 μg/g), 127.7 μg/g (2.106 log10 μg/g), 96.1 μg/g (1.983 log10 μg/g) and 104.2 μg/g (2.016 log10 μg/g), respectively. A significant correlation between age and FC concentration was found (r=-0.490, p<0.001). A simple correlation analysis of weight-for-length Z-scores or weight-for-age Z-scores vs. FC concentrations showed that these variables were negatively correlated (Spearman’s rho=-0.287, p<0.001; Spearman’s rho=-0.243, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions The FC levels of children aged 1-18 months exhibit a downward trend with increasing age and are greater than the normal levels observed in healthy adults. In healthy children aged <6 months, FC levels are high. In children aged 6-18 months, FC concentrations are relatively low but are still higher than those of children aged >4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Children and Adolescents Health Care, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingqiu Ma
- Department of Children and Adolescents Health Care, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Children and Adolescents Health Care, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Children and Adolescents Health Care, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- Department of Children and Adolescents Health Care, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Children and Adolescents Health Care, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Sheng
- Department of Children and Adolescents Health Care, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Effects of chitosan on intestinal inflammation in weaned pigs challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104192. [PMID: 25090447 PMCID: PMC4121323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether supplementation with chitosan (COS) could reduce diarrhea and to explore how COS alleviates intestinal inflammation in weaned pigs. Thirty pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire, initial BW of 5.65±0.27) weaned at age 21 d were challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli during a preliminary trial period, and then divided into three treatment groups. Pigs in individual pens were fed a corn-soybean meal diet, that contained either 0 (control), 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline, or 300 mg/kg COS for 21 days. The post-weaning diarrhea frequency, calprotectin levels and TLR4 protein expression were decreased (P<0.05) in both the COS and chlortetracycline groups compared with control. Simultaneously, supplemental COS and chlortetracycline had no effect on the mRNA expression of TNF-α in the jejunal mucosa, or on the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum. However, COS supplementation improved (P<0.05) the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in the jejunal mucosa. The results indicate that supplementation with COS at 300 mg/kg was effective for alleviating intestinal inflammation and enhancing the cell-mediated immune response. As feed additives, chitosan and chlortetracycline may influence different mechanisms for alleviating inflammation in piglets.
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Behnsen J, Deriu E, Sassone-Corsi M, Raffatellu M. Probiotics: properties, examples, and specific applications. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3:a010074. [PMID: 23457295 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are beneficial components of the microbiota that have been used for centuries because of the health benefits they confer to the host. Only recently, however, has the contribution of probiotics to modulation of immunological, respiratory, and gastrointestinal functions started to be fully appreciated and scientifically evaluated. Probiotics such as Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and lactic acid bacteria are currently used to, or have been evaluated for use to, prevent or treat a range of intestinal maladies including inflammatory bowel disease, constipation, and colon cancer. Engineering these natural probiotics to produce immunomodulatory molecules may help to further increase the benefit to the host. In this article, we will discuss some of the mechanisms of action of probiotics as well as advances in the rational design of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Behnsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Splichalova A, Trebichavsky I, Rada V, Vlkova E, Sonnenborn U, Splichal I. Interference of Bifidobacterium choerinum or Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 with Salmonella Typhimurium in gnotobiotic piglets correlates with cytokine patterns in blood and intestine. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 163:242-9. [PMID: 21155989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonization, translocation and protective effect of two intestinal bacteria - PR4 (pig commensal strain of Bifidobacterium choerinum) or EcN (probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917) - against subsequent infection with a virulent LT2 strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were studied in gnotobiotic pigs after oral association. The clinical state of experimental animals correlated with bacterial translocation and levels of inflammatory cytokines [a chemokine, interleukin (IL)-8, a proinflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10] in plasma and intestinal lavages. Gnotobiotic pigs orally mono-associated with either PR4 or EcN thrived, and bacteria were not found in their blood. No significant inflammatory cytokine response was observed. Mono-association with Salmonella caused devastating septicaemia characterized by high levels of IL-10 and TNF-α in plasma and TNF-α in the intestine. Di-associated gnotobiotic pigs were given PR4 or EcN for 24 h. Subsequently, they were infected orally with Salmonella and euthanized 24 h later. Pigs associated with bifidobacteria before Salmonella infection suffered from severe systemic infection and mounted similar cytokine responses as pigs infected with Salmonella alone. In contrast, EcN interfered with translocation of Salmonella into mesenteric lymph nodes and systemic circulation. Pigs pre-associated with EcN thrived and their clinical condition correlated with the absence of IL-10 in their plasma and a decrease of TNF-α in plasma and ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Splichalova
- Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
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Kapel N, Campeotto F, Kalach N, Baldassare M, Butel MJ, Dupont C. Faecal calprotectin in term and preterm neonates. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 51:542-7. [PMID: 20818270 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3181e2ad72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to examine the characteristics of the faecal calprotectin assay in neonates and the evidence for its use as a noninvasive marker of intestinal illnesses during the neonatal period. METHODS Bibliographic searches were performed in the MEDLINE electronic database up to February 2010 looking for the following words (all fields): "infants" or "neonates" and "calprotectin." Twenty studies, in which 1180 neonates were enrolled, were selected. RESULTS During the neonatal period, calprotectin levels are characterized by significantly higher values in both healthy full-term and preterm infants during their first year of life compared with reference values established for children and adults. No difference was observed according to gestational age or birth weight, whereas a higher faecal calprotectin level was detected during intestinal distress in neonates with either inflammatory or patent digestive alterations. Despite high interindividual variations, cutoff levels are proposed to identify infants with a high risk of intestinal illnesses. CONCLUSIONS Compared with adults and children, healthy full-term and preterm neonates have high calprotectin levels. The measurement of calprotectin levels in faeces can be a promising noninvasive clinical screening test for intestinal distress in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Kapel
- Coprologie Fonctionnelle, APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Trebichavsky I, Splichal I, Rada V, Splichalova A. Modulation of natural immunity in the gut by Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917. Nutr Rev 2010; 68:459-64. [PMID: 20646223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effect of probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) suggests the gut epithelium plays a basic role in immune interactions with bacteria. Contrary to other commensal strains of Escherichia coli, EcN profoundly modulates the gut barrier to elevate its resistance to microbial pathogens. The present review documents the properties of EcN that have led to the protection of gnotobiotic pigs against lethal enteric infections. This effect could be important in light of the growing number of acquired deficiencies that paralyze gut immunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Trebichavsky
- Division of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
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Rougé C, Butel MJ, Piloquet H, Ferraris L, Legrand A, Vodovar M, Voyer M, de la Cochetière MF, Darmaun D, Rozé JC. Fecal calprotectin excretion in preterm infants during the neonatal period. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11083. [PMID: 20552029 PMCID: PMC2884033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal calprotectin has been proposed as a non-invasive marker of intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease in adults and children. Fecal calprotectin levels have been reported to be much higher in both healthy full-term and preterm infants than in children and adults. OBJECTIVE To determine the time course of fecal calprotectin (f-calprotectin) excretion in preterm infants from birth until hospital discharge and to identify factors influencing f-calprotectin levels in the first weeks of life, including bacterial establishment in the gut. METHODOLOGY F-calprotectin was determined using an ELISA assay in 147 samples obtained prospectively from 47 preterm infants (gestational age, and birth-weight interquartiles 27-29 weeks, and 880-1320 g, respectively) at birth, and at 2-week intervals until hospital discharge. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Although median f-calprotectin excretion was 138 microg/g, a wide range of inter- and intra-individual variation in f-calprotectin values (from day 3 to day 78) was observed (86% and 67%, respectively). In multivariate regression analysis, f-calprotectin correlated negatively with ante and per natal antibiotic treatment (p = 0.001), and correlated positively with the volume of enteral feeding (mL/kg/d) (p = 0.009), the need to interrupt enteral feeding (p = 0.001), and prominent gastrointestinal colonization by Clostridium sp (p = 0.019) and Staphylococcus sp (p = 0.047). CONCLUSION During the first weeks of life, the high f-calprotectin values observed in preterm infants could be linked to the gut bacterial establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Rougé
- INRA UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Université de Nantes, CRNH, Nantes, IMAD, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-José Butel
- EA 4065, Ecosystème Intestinal, Probiotiques, Antibiotiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Piloquet
- INRA UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Université de Nantes, CRNH, Nantes, IMAD, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM, CIC 0004, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Mère-et-Enfant, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Ferraris
- EA 4065, Ecosystème Intestinal, Probiotiques, Antibiotiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Legrand
- INSERM, CIC 0004, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Mère-et-Enfant, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Vodovar
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Institut de Puériculture, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Voyer
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Institut de Puériculture, Paris, France
| | | | - Dominique Darmaun
- INRA UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Université de Nantes, CRNH, Nantes, IMAD, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Jean-Christophe Rozé
- INRA UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Université de Nantes, CRNH, Nantes, IMAD, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM, CIC 0004, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Mère-et-Enfant, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Sonnenborn U, Schulze J. The non-pathogenicEscherichia colistrain Nissle 1917 – features of a versatile probiotic. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910600903444267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jürgen Schulze
- Department of Medicine, Ardeypharm GmbH, Herdecke, Germany
- *Present address: Alice-Bloch-Str. 7, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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Barth S, Duncker S, Hempe J, Breves G, Baljer G, Bauerfeind R. Escherichia coliNissle 1917 for probiotic use in piglets: evidence for intestinal colonization. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1697-710. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
This study aimed to determine cutoff levels for fecal calprotectin as a marker of intestinal distress in preterm neonates. A total of 126 infants born at a median gestational age of 33 weeks (range 25.7-35 weeks) were enrolled. Samples (n = 312) were collected weekly from the end of the first week of life until the end of the first month and if any gastrointestinal event occurred. Receiver operating characteristic curves analysis gave cutoff values of 363 microg/g (sensitivity 0.65, specificity 0.82) and 636 microg/g (sensitivity 0.72, specificity 0.95) for the development of mild or severe enteropathy.
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Effects of Microbiota on GI Health: Gnotobiotic Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 635:41-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09550-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 is in addition to some Lactobacilli sp. one of the best-studied probiotic strains. This particular E. coli strain was isolated in 1917 based on its potential to protect from presumably infectious gastroenteritis. Initial therapeutic success was noted in the management of gastrointestinal infectious disorders and infections affecting the urinary tract; the focus shifted later to chronic inflammatory conditions. The unique combination of fitness and survival factors to support intestinal survival, the lack of virulence, and obvious probiotic properties make this microorganism a safe and effective candidate in the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Three large clinical trials have assessed the potential in the maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis and equivalence to standard 5-ASA medication was documented. This review aims to discuss important mechanisms of E. coli Nissle 1917 and will review the available literature regarding treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schultz
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Medicine Section, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Trebichavský I, Splíchal I. Probiotics manipulate host cytokine response and induce antimicrobial peptides. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2007; 51:507-10. [PMID: 17176775 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics modulate production of both cytokine and antimicrobial peptides. This effect can be regarded as a part of complex interplay between them and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Trebichavský
- Division of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 549 22 Nový Hrádek, Czechia
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