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Bayry J, Ahmed EA, Toscano-Rivero D, Vonniessen N, Genest G, Cohen CG, Dembele M, Kaveri SV, Mazer BD. Intravenous Immunoglobulin: Mechanism of Action in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Conditions. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:1688-1697. [PMID: 37062358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the mainstay of therapy for humoral immune deficiencies and numerous inflammatory disorders. Although the use of IVIG may be supplanted by several targeted therapies to cytokines, the ability of polyclonal normal IgG to act as an effector molecule as well as a regulatory molecule is a clear example of the polyfunctionality of IVIG. This article will address the mechanism of action of IVIG in a number of important conditions that are otherwise resistant to treatment. In this commentary, we will highlight mechanistic studies that shed light on the action of IVIG. This will be approached by identifying effects that are both common and disease-specific, targeting actions that have been demonstrated on cells and processes that represent both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, India.
| | - Eisha A Ahmed
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Translational Program in Respiratory Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diana Toscano-Rivero
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Translational Program in Respiratory Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicholas Vonniessen
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Translational Program in Respiratory Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Genevieve Genest
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Translational Program in Respiratory Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Casey G Cohen
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Translational Program in Respiratory Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marieme Dembele
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Translational Program in Respiratory Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Srini V Kaveri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bruce D Mazer
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Translational Program in Respiratory Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Ueno K, Nomura Y, Morita Y, Kawano Y. Prednisolone Suppresses the Extracellular Release of HMGB-1 and Associated Inflammatory Pathways in Kawasaki Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640315. [PMID: 34079539 PMCID: PMC8165186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune activity plays an essential role in the development of Kawasaki disease (KD) vasculitis. Extracellular release of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), an endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern protein that can activate the innate immune system and drive host inflammatory responses, may contribute to the development of coronary artery abnormalities in KD. Prednisolone (PSL) added to intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for acute KD may reduce such abnormalities. Here, we evaluate the dynamics of HMGB-1 and therapeutic effects of PSL on HMGB-1-mediated inflammatory pathways on KD vasculitis in vitro. Serum samples were collected prior to initial treatment from patients with KD, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), and from healthy controls (VH), then incubated with human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Following treatment of KD serum-activated HCAECs with PSL or PBS as a control, effects on the HMGB-1 signaling pathway were evaluated. Compared to that from VH and sJIA, KD serum activation induced HCAEC cytotoxicity and triggered extracellular release of HMGB-1. KD serum-activated HCAECs up-regulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and, p38 phosphorylation in the cytoplasm and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation in the nucleus and increased interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production. PSL treatment of KD serum-activated HCAECs inhibited extracellular release of HMGB-1, down-regulated ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and NF-κB signaling pathways, and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α production. Our findings suggest that extracellular HMGB-1 plays an important role in mediating KD pathogenesis and that PSL treatment during the acute phase of KD may ameliorate HMGB-1-mediated inflammatory responses in KD vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ueno
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nomura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuko Morita
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kawano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Corbí AL, Sánchez-Ramón S, Domínguez-Soto A. The potential of intravenous immunoglobulins for cancer therapy: a road that is worth taking? Immunotherapy 2017; 8:601-12. [PMID: 27140412 DOI: 10.2217/imt.16.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Much has been learned recently about the role of immunoglobulins as effector molecules of the adaptive immunity and as active elements in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The increasing number of pathologies where intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) display a beneficial action illustrates their therapeutic relevance. Considering recent findings on the ability of IVIg to modulate macrophage polarization, herein we review evidences on the antitumoral activity of IVIg. Fragmentary and nonconclusive, available evidences are just suggestive of the potential of IVIg in antitumoral therapy, but encourage for the generation of additional evidences through well-designed clinical trials, and for additional studies to address the molecular effects of IVIg as a means to avoid the extrapolation of data gathered from animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel L Corbí
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9. 28040 Madrid, SPAIN
| | - Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Clinical Immunology & IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Prof Martín Lagos, S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and, Department of Microbiology I, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
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Disruption of Endothelial Cell Homeostasis Plays a Key Role in the Early Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Abnormalities in Kawasaki Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43719. [PMID: 28255175 PMCID: PMC5334649 DOI: 10.1038/srep43719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of endothelial cell homeostasis may be associated with the pathogenesis of coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) in Kawasaki disease (KD). We sought to clarify the poorly understood pathogenic role of endothelial cell survival and death in KD vasculitis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with sera from KD patients, compared with sera from patients with bacterial infections, exhibited significant increases in cytotoxicity, high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB-1), and caspase-3/7 and a decrease in phosphorylated Akt/Akt (pAkt/Akt) ratios. HUVECs stimulated with sera from KD patients treated with immunoglobulin (IG) showed significantly decreased cytotoxicity, HMGB-1, and caspase-3/7 levels and increased pAkt/Akt ratios, as compared with results for untreated HUVECs (P < 0.001, P = 0.008, P = 0.040, and P < 0.001, respectively). In HUVECs stimulated with sera from KD patients, the increased cytotoxicity levels and the suppression of increased pAkt/Akt ratios after subsequent IG treatment were closely related to the development of CAA (P = 0.002 and P = 0.035). Our data reveal that shifting the balance toward cell death rather than survival appears to perturb endothelial cell homeostasis and is closely related to the development of CAA. The cytoprotective effects of IG treatment appear to ameliorate endothelial cell homeostasis.
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Frigo G, Tramentozzi E, Orso G, Ceolotto G, Pagetta A, Stagni C, Menin C, Rosato A, Finotti P. Human IgGs induce synthesis and secretion of IgGs and neonatal Fc receptor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1329-1342. [PMID: 27523744 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human IgGs are increasingly used in the therapy of many different immune and inflammatory diseases, however their mechanism of action still remains unclear in most diseases. To gain insight into the mechanism by which IgGs might also exert their effects on endothelial cells, we tested human IgGs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). IgGs induced a time-dependent increase in the synthesis and secretion of IgGs, together with a marked angiogenic-like transformation of HUVECs that was maximal after a 20-h incubation. IgGs stimulated IG gene transcription without affecting the process of gene rearrangement, already present in control HUVECs. The mechanism involved the activation of transcription factors with the increased expression of HSP90, HSP70 and inactive MMP-9 responsible for the phenotypic differentiation associated with the most intense IgG synthesis and secretion. However, even a short incubation with IgGs followed by recovery of cells was sufficient to trigger and sustain in time the synthesis and secretion of new IgGs, independently of the angiogenic-like transformation visible only when cells were continuously exposed to IgGs. Under the stimulus of IgGs, specific secretory pathways were also activated in HUVECs together with the expression of FcRn, which was always associated with IgGs of new synthesis, forming complexes that were also secreted. Our results disclose a so far unknown and unexpected mechanism of IgGs on HUVECs that behave as Ig-producing immune cells. Results might have relevance for the effects that IgGs also exert in vivo in physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Frigo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Pharmacology Building, L.go E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Tramentozzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Pharmacology Building, L.go E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Conegliano, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giulio Ceolotto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Pagetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Pharmacology Building, L.go E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Camilla Stagni
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Via Gattamelata 64, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Menin
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Via Gattamelata 64, Padua, Italy; Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, Padua, Italy.
| | - Paola Finotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Pharmacology Building, L.go E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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Tsurikisawa N, Oshikata C, Tsuburai T, Sugano S, Nakamura Y, Shimoda T, Tamama S, Adachi K, Horita A, Saito I, Saito H. Th17 cells reflect colon submucosal pathologic changes in active eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:75. [PMID: 26714881 PMCID: PMC4696253 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) or eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG), or both, with asthma precede the onset of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) in half of all EGPA patients. It is not known what determines whether patients with CEP or with EG following asthma will develop EGPA. METHODS We studied 17 EGPA patients and 12 patients with CEP but without EGPA. We assayed serum ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and VEGF, and the percentage of peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells producing IL-17 (Th17 cells), at both onset and remission. We also examined the numbers of submucosal eosinophils and the basement membrane-to-crypt and crypt-to-crypt distance to evaluate edema in the colon submucosa at onset and remission in EGPA and at onset in CEP. RESULTS Nine of 12 (75.0%) CEP patients had symptoms or endoscopic findings. Colonic submucosal eosinophil counts and edema in EGPA at onset were greater than at remission or in CEP at onset. Th17 cells (%) and serum ICAM-1 levels at onset were greater in EGPA than in CEP. In EGPA, peripheral blood Th17 cells (%) were significantly correlated with serum ICAM-1 level, colonic submucosal eosinophil count, and degree of edematous change; inversely correlated with serum VEGF level; but not correlated with VCAM-1 level. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophilia and colonic submucosal edematous change were greater in EGPA than in CEP. The mechanism of vasculitis in EGPA appears related to increases in serum Th17 cell numbers and ICAM-1 levels and decreases in VEGF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Tsurikisawa
- Departments of Allergy and Respirology, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Chiyako Oshikata
- Departments of Allergy and Respirology, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Tsuburai
- Departments of Allergy and Respirology, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Sugano
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yoko Nakamura
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Takuya Shimoda
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Shunpei Tamama
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Ken Adachi
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Ayako Horita
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Ikuo Saito
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0392, Japan.
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Buttmann M, Kaveri S, Hartung HP. Polyclonal immunoglobulin G for autoimmune demyelinating nervous system disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:445-57. [PMID: 23791035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases with presumed autoimmune pathogenesis are characterised by direct or indirect immune-mediated damage to myelin sheaths, which normally surround nerve fibres to ensure proper electrical nerve conduction. Parenteral administration of polyclonal IgG purified from multi-donor human plasma pools may beneficially modulate these misguided immune reactions via several mechanisms that are outlined in this review. Convincing therapeutic evidence from controlled trials now exists for certain disorders of the peripheral nervous system, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, and multifocal motor neuropathy. In addition, there is evidence for potential therapeutic benefits of IgG in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. This review introduces these disorders, briefly summarises the established treatment options, and discusses therapeutic evidence for the use of polyclonal immunoglobulins with a particular emphasis on recent clinical trials and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Buttmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Zhao Y, Liu Y, Chen Z, Korteweg C, Gu J. Immunoglobulin g (IgG) expression in human umbilical cord endothelial cells. J Histochem Cytochem 2011; 59:474-88. [PMID: 21430258 DOI: 10.1369/0022155411400871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional views hold that immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the human umbilical cord is internalized by human umbilical endothelial cells for passive immunity. In this study, the protein and mRNA transcripts of IgG were found in the cytoplasm of human umbilical endothelial cells by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The essential enzymes for IgG synthesis and assembling, RAG1 (recombination activating gene 1), RAG2, and variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) segments for recombination of IgG, were also found in these cells by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. These results indicate that umbilical endothelial cells are capable of synthesizing IgG with properties similar to those of immune cells and that they may play additional roles besides lining the vessels and transporting IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Wang G, Zhang CQ, Sun Y, Feng Y, Chen SB, Cheng XG, Zeng BF. Changes in Femoral Head Blood Supply and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Rabbits with Steroid-induced Osteonecrosis. J Int Med Res 2010; 38:1060-9. [PMID: 20819443 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular aetiology of steroid-induced osteonecrosis (ON) is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the femoral head blood supply and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels following steroid-induced ON of rabbit femoral heads in the early stage of the disease, and to investigate a possible mechanism for ON. Using a classic protocol, ON was induced in 30 male 28-week old New Zealand white rabbits. An additional 15 untreated rabbits served as controls. Change of blood supply in the proximal femur was assessed by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging and microangiography. The VEGF protein and mRNA levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. After 6 weeks, the results indicated that VEGF protein and mRNA levels were significantly lower and femoral head blood supply had also decreased significantly in ON+ rabbits compared with controls. The down-regulation of VEGF may play a critical role in the disease process of ON.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - CQ Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - SB Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - XG Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - BF Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Damianovich M, Blank M, Raiter A, Hardy B, Shoenfeld Y. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) specific activity of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Int Immunol 2009; 21:1057-63. [PMID: 19625382 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxp070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) preparations can be beneficial therapeutic agents for the treatment of tumor metastases as has been shown in both human and animal studies. Operating mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated. Some of the mechanisms proposed entail the stimulation of the production of IL-12, a cytokine that exhibits anti-angiogenic activities, as well as inhibition of endothelial cells proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether in an IVIg preparation there are natural antibodies directed against VEGF with the potential to affect angiogenesis. Using both sandwich and direct ELISA assays, IVIg was found to specifically recognize and bind VEGF in a dose-dependent manner. The binding specificity was confirmed by inhibition of IVIg binding to VEGF by VEGF as an inhibitor, as shown by ELISA and immunoblot. A mouse hind limb ischemia model was employed to evaluate the in vivo IVIg-induced inhibition of angiogenesis. IVIg was found to exhibit inhibitory effect on VEGF-mediated blood perfusion in the ischemic limb. The present study shows a presence of anti-VEGF fraction in IVIg preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Damianovich
- Department of Medicine B, Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Rashid G, Bernheim J, Green J, Benchetrit S. Parathyroid hormone stimulates the endothelial expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:798-803. [PMID: 19021696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.02033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We showed previously that parathyroid hormone (PTH) may stimulate the endothelial expression of pro-atherosclerotic and pro-inflammatory markers. Considering the impact of PTH on vasculature, we decided to evaluate its effect on mRNA and intra-cellular protein expressions of endothelial vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) taking into account that VEGF may play a role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunctions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human umbilical vein cords endothelial cells (HUVEC) were stimulated for 24 h with 10(-12)-10(-10) mol L(-1) PTH. The VEGF-165 mRNA expression (critical in stimulating endothelial cell proliferation) was evaluated by RT/PCR and the intra-cellular VEGF protein expression by flow cytometry. The pathways by which PTH may have an effect on VEGF expression were also evaluated. RESULTS PTH (10(-10) mol L(-1)) significantly increased VEGF-165 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). The addition of 50 nmol L(-1) protein kinase C (PKC) and 10 micromol L(-1) protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors significantly reduced the VEGF-165 mRNA expression (P = 0.01). We also examined whether nitric oxide (NO) may be involved in the PTH-induced stimulation of VEGF-165 expression. Pre-treatment of the cells with 200 micromol L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, NO synthase inhibitor) was found to inhibit VEGF-165 mRNA expression (P = 0.006). VEGF protein could not be detected in the medium of HUVEC but it was present in the cell cytoplasm. PTH had no significant effect on cytoplasmatic VEGF protein expression. CONCLUSION The stimulatory effect of PTH on endothelial VEGF-165 mRNA expression is partly through PKC and PKA pathways and is also NO dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rashid
- Renal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
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Damianovich M, Solomon AS, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. Attenuation of colon carcinoma tumor spread by intravenous immunoglobulin. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1110:567-77. [PMID: 17911473 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1423.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The impact of IVIg on metastatic capacity of CT26 murine colon carcinoma cells was studied using in vitro and in vivo methods. IVIg inhibited CT26 cell proliferation and invasion through an extracellular matrix in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Systemic treatment of mice with IVIg significantly inhibited metastatic potential of CT26 colon carcinoma cells observed as tumor nodules and lung weight reduction. Treating CT26 cell-implanted rabbit corneas with IVIg led to shrinking and complete disappearance of tumor mass in 10 days. These results provide the evidence that IVIg may be considered as a supportive therapy for inhibition of colon carcinoma tumor spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Damianovich
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases and Department of Medicine B, The Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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