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Induction of food tolerance is dependent on intestinal inflammatory state. Immunol Lett 2021; 234:33-43. [PMID: 33915190 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are usually managed by food avoidance. Hidden allergens in food, due to cross-contamination and/or allergenic additives added during production, place an important concern in today's increasing food allergy cases worldwide. Previous studies showed that the introduction of unacquainted food components, in an inflamed intestine, results in sensitization to this food. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the kinetics of multiple food allergy induction. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups, four of which were submitted to an intestinal inflammation induction protocol to peanuts. Egg white (OVA) diluted 1:5 v/v in distilled water was instilled by gavage 6h-before (PRIOR), concomitant (AT) and 6h-after (DURING) the onset of the peanut challenge diet. Positive control (POS CONT) and NEG CONT received saline per gavage. Finally, animals were challenged with subcutaneous injections of OVA. Results showed no changes in diet intake were observed. Anti-OVA polyisotypic IgG antibody titers significantly increased in AT. Flow cytometry revealed significant decrease in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and significant increase in TCD8+ in AT. Histomorphometrically, AT and DURING were classified as Infiltrative and Partial Destruction stages. PRIOR was classified as Infiltrative, while POS CONT was classified as Partial Destruction. NEG CONT was classified as Normal. Together, our results confirm that the introduction of unfamiliar food only a few hours before the initiation of a gut inflammation process is able to induce oral tolerance, however the introduction of a dietary protein concomitant to the onset or during an ongoing gut inflammation may induce multiple allergies.
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Pereira E Silva A, Soares JRA, Mattos EBDA, Josetti C, Guimarães IM, Campos SMN, Teixeira GAPB. A histomorphometric classification system for normal and inflamed mouse duodenum-Quali-quantitative approach. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 99:189-198. [PMID: 30175413 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut-associated intestinal lymphoid tissue, the largest secondary lymphoid organ in the human body, constantly samples antigens from the gut lumen, presenting as a default response the activation of TCD4+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells that secrete a profile of anti-inflammatory cytokines maintaining gut homeostasis denominated from an immunological perspective as mucosal tolerance. However, when antigens are sampled in an inflammatory setting, the immune response may either be protective, in the case of harmful pathogens, or cause further inflammatory reactions as in food allergy, inflammatory bowel diseases, coeliac disease or food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. Therefore, there is a need for accurate and consistent experimental models. However, a drawback in comparing these models is the lack of a classification system similar to that which is already used for humans. Thus, the aim of this work was to propose a classification system of the small intestinal histomorphology in experimental mice. To do this we used a mouse antigen-specific gut inflammation model developed by our research group. Duodenum sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue were scanned using the APERIO scanning system and analysed with the ImageScope® software. The evaluated parameters were villus area, villus height and width, enterocyte count, mononuclear intra-epithelial leucocyte and goblet cell counts, and architectural and cellular ratios. Food-sensitized animals challenged with a diet containing the corresponding food allergen presented, as for humans, time-dependent shortened and widened villi accompanied by leucocyte infiltrate and loss of goblet cells. With these data, we were able to establish a classification system for experimental intestinal inflammation in mice thus permitting better comparisons among and between experiments than has been possible previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton Pereira E Silva
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pathology, Medicine School, Antônio Pedro Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João R A Soares
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Science and Biotechnology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erika Bertozzi de Aquino Mattos
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pathology, Medicine School, Antônio Pedro Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Josetti
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pathology, Medicine School, Antônio Pedro Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabelle M Guimarães
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Science and Biotechnology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sylvia M N Campos
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, VP Graduation Program, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerlinde A P B Teixeira
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pathology, Medicine School, Antônio Pedro Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Science and Biotechnology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Pereira E Silva A, Nicolau Campos SM, Guimarães IM, Agate Platais Brasil Teixeira G. Comparison between digital and optical microscopy: Analysis in a mouse gut inflammation model. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:247-250. [PMID: 28894572 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual microscopy is currently widely used for various purposes, such as teaching, archiving, collaborations and research. Although the cost of this technique has reduced, it continues to be expensive for the majority of laboratories in developing countries. The Graduate Program in Pathology at the Federal Fluminense University (Niterói, Brazil) has acquired equipment for virtual microscopy. However, this novel method faced prejudice, as students and technicians were skeptical about its reliability. Thus, the aim of the current study was to evaluate whether virtual microscopy is a reliable method of analysis for our research. Thus, a mouse gut inflammation model developed by our research group was used in the present study. Analysis was performed using optical microscopy and digital imaging using the APERIO scanning system and the ImageScope® software. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), intra epithelial leucocytes (IEL), and villi number and area were evaluated. No significant differences were observed in villi number, IEC and IEL; however, the villi area was significantly smaller when measured using the computer. Thus, the present study indicates that virtual microscopy is a trustworthy method for research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton Pereira E Silva
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-150, Brazil.,Graduation Program in Pathology, Medicine School, Antônio Pedro Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Maria Nicolau Campos
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Mazza Guimarães
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-150, Brazil.,Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Gerlinde Agate Platais Brasil Teixeira
- Gastrointestinal Immunology Group, Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-150, Brazil.,Graduation Program in Pathology, Medicine School, Antônio Pedro Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24033-900, Brazil.,Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil
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Abedi V, Zand R, Yeasin M, Faisal FE. An automated framework for hypotheses generation using literature. BioData Min 2012; 5:13. [PMID: 22931688 PMCID: PMC3497588 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0381-5-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In bio-medicine, exploratory studies and hypothesis generation often begin with researching existing literature to identify a set of factors and their association with diseases, phenotypes, or biological processes. Many scientists are overwhelmed by the sheer volume of literature on a disease when they plan to generate a new hypothesis or study a biological phenomenon. The situation is even worse for junior investigators who often find it difficult to formulate new hypotheses or, more importantly, corroborate if their hypothesis is consistent with existing literature. It is a daunting task to be abreast with so much being published and also remember all combinations of direct and indirect associations. Fortunately there is a growing trend of using literature mining and knowledge discovery tools in biomedical research. However, there is still a large gap between the huge amount of effort and resources invested in disease research and the little effort in harvesting the published knowledge. The proposed hypothesis generation framework (HGF) finds “crisp semantic associations” among entities of interest - that is a step towards bridging such gaps. Methodology The proposed HGF shares similar end goals like the SWAN but are more holistic in nature and was designed and implemented using scalable and efficient computational models of disease-disease interaction. The integration of mapping ontologies with latent semantic analysis is critical in capturing domain specific direct and indirect “crisp” associations, and making assertions about entities (such as disease X is associated with a set of factors Z). Results Pilot studies were performed using two diseases. A comparative analysis of the computed “associations” and “assertions” with curated expert knowledge was performed to validate the results. It was observed that the HGF is able to capture “crisp” direct and indirect associations, and provide knowledge discovery on demand. Conclusions The proposed framework is fast, efficient, and robust in generating new hypotheses to identify factors associated with a disease. A full integrated Web service application is being developed for wide dissemination of the HGF. A large-scale study by the domain experts and associated researchers is underway to validate the associations and assertions computed by the HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Abedi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memphis University, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
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Antunes DMF, da Costa JP, Campos SMN, Paschoal PO, Garrido V, Siqueira M, Teixeira GAPB, Cardoso GP. The serum D-xylose test as a useful tool to identify malabsorption in rats with antigen specific gut inflammatory reaction. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:141-7. [PMID: 19335552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The inappropriate immune response to foods, such as peanut, wheat and milk may be the basis in the pathogenesis of enteropathies like coeliac and Crohn disease, which present small intestinal malabsorption. A number of recent studies have utilized d-xylose absorption as an investigative tool to study small intestinal function in a variety of clinical settings. Thus, the aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the intestinal absorption of D-xylose in an antigen-specific gut inflammatory reaction rat model. Animals of the experimental group were inoculated with peanut protein extract before their exposure to a challenge diet containing exclusively peanut seeds to induce the gut inflammatory reaction caused by peanut allergy. Our results show that systemic inoculation with peanut protein extract renders significantly higher antibody titres (5.085 +/- 0.126 units) (P < 0.0001) than control rats (0.905 +/- 0.053 units) and that the antibody titres correlate positively to an inflammatory alteration of the gut morphology (P < 0.0001). Animals pertaining to the experimental group showed an intestinal absorption of D-xylose lower than control rats (P < 0.0001). We also observed that D-xylose absorption correlates negatively with IgG titres and positively with morphometric parameters (Pearson correlation). In conclusion, the use of serum D-xylose test was useful to identify the presence of small intestinal malabsorption in our antigen specific gut inflammatory reaction rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Mota Fontes Antunes
- Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, Medical Sciences Centre, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
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Autoimmune pathology accounts for common manifestations in a wide range of neuro-psychiatric disorders: the olfactory and immune system interrelationship. Clin Immunol 2008; 130:235-43. [PMID: 19097945 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Smell has traditionally been considered a less important sense when compared to sight or hearing, but recent research has unraveled important features inherent to the sense of smell. Once considered just a chemical sensor for sampling the environment, data from animal models and human studies currently imply numerous and complex effects of smell on behavior, mood, and on the immune response. In this review we discuss a possible inter-relationship between olfactory impairment, autoimmunity and neurological/psychiatric symptoms in several diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) such as Parkinson, Alzheimer's disease, autism, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis and neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus. We suggest that common manifestations are not mere coincidences. Current data from animal models show that neuropsychiatric manifestations are intimately associated with smell impairment, and autoimmune dysregulation, via autoantibodies (anti-NMDAR, anti-ribosomal P) or other mechanisms. From clues of pathological manifestations, we propose a novel approach to the understanding of the interactions between the CNS, the smell and the immune system.
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