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Chakhtoura M, Fang M, Cubas R, O’Connor MH, Nichols CN, Richardson B, Talla A, Moir S, Cameron MJ, Tardif V, Haddad EK. Germinal Center T follicular helper (GC-Tfh) cell impairment in chronic HIV infection involves c-Maf signaling. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009732. [PMID: 34280251 PMCID: PMC8289045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that the function of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells from lymph nodes (LN) of HIV-infected individuals is impaired. We found that these cells were unable to provide proper help to germinal center (GC)-B cells, as observed by altered and inefficient anti-HIV antibody response and premature death of memory B cells. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this dysfunction remain poorly defined. Herein, we have used a unique transcriptional approach to identify these molecular defects. We consequently determined the transcriptional profiles of LN GC-Tfh cells following their interactions with LN GC-B cells from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals, rather than analyzing resting ex-vivo GC-Tfh cells. We observed that proliferating GC-Tfh cells from HIV-infected subjects were transcriptionally different than their HIV-uninfected counterparts, and displayed a significant downregulation of immune- and GC-Tfh-associated pathways and genes. Our results strongly demonstrated that MAF (coding for the transcription factor c-Maf) and its upstream signaling pathway mediators (IL6R and STAT3) were significantly downregulated in HIV-infected subjects, which could contribute to the impaired GC-Tfh and GC-B cell functions reported during infection. We further showed that c-Maf function was associated with the adenosine pathway and that the signaling upstream c-Maf could be partially restored by adenosine deaminase -1 (ADA-1) supplementation. Overall, we identified a novel mechanism that contributes to GC-Tfh cell impairment during HIV infection. Understanding how GC-Tfh cell function is altered in HIV is crucial and could provide critical information about the mechanisms leading to the development and maintenance of effective anti-HIV antibodies. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a worldwide burden despite available treatments. The virus induces dysregulations in major immune cells and organs including lymph nodes. Germinal center T follicular helper (GC-Tfh) cells are immune cells which induce specific anti-HIV antibodies by helping GC-B cells. In chronic HIV, the interaction between these two cell types is defective, leading to modified and inefficient anti-HIV antibody responses. In this study, we examined the underlying mechanisms of this dysfunction. We observed that proliferating GC-Tfh cells from HIV-infected individuals, displayed distinctive gene expression than those from -uninfected subjects, following GC-B cell interaction. Furthermore, GC-Tfh cells from HIV patients showed a reduction in important immune-related pathway and gene expression. A number of essential GC-Tfh cell genes, such as MAF and its associated genes (IL6R and STAT3), were particularly attenuated in HIV, contributing to the impaired cells function. Moreover, we found an association between MAF function and the key enzyme adenosine deaminase-1 (ADA-1), where supplementation with ADA-1 partially restored the dysfunctional signaling in GC-Tfh cells during chronic infection. Understanding how GC-Tfh cells are altered in HIV is critical to elucidate the mechanisms leading to effective anti-HIV antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Chakhtoura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mike Fang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Services, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rafael Cubas
- Iovance Biotherapeutics, San Carlos, California, United States of America
| | - Margaret H. O’Connor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carmen N. Nichols
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Services, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Services, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aarthi Talla
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Services, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Virginie Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Center of Reasearch in Myology (Association Institut de Myologie) UMRS 974, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (VT); (EKH)
| | - Elias K. Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VT); (EKH)
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Wang Y, Li S, Dong C, Ma Y, Song Y, Zhu W, Kim J, Deng L, Denning TL, Kang SM, Prausnitz MR, Wang BZ. Skin vaccination with dissolvable microneedle patches incorporating influenza neuraminidase and flagellin protein nanoparticles induces broad immune protection against multiple influenza viruses. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4953-4961. [PMID: 34179728 PMCID: PMC8232372 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We generated self-adjuvanted protein nanoparticles of conserved influenza antigens and immunized mice via skin vaccination with dissolvable microneedle patches (MNPs) to increase the strength and breadth of immune responses. We produced M2e nanoparticles via ethanol desolvation, and double-layered NA1/M2e (shell/core), NA1-FliC/M2e, NA2/M2e, and NA2-FliC/M2e protein nanoparticles by chemically crosslinking influenza NA and flagellin (FliC) onto the surfaces of the M2e nanoparticles. The resulting nanoparticles retained FliC TLR5 innate signaling activity and significantly increased antigen-uptake and dendritic cell maturation in vitro. We incorporated the nanoparticles into MNPs for skin vaccination in mice. The nanoparticle MNPs significantly increased M2e and NA-specific antibody levels, the numbers of germinal center B cells, and IL-4 positive splenocytes. Double-layered nanoparticle MNP skin vaccination protected mice against homologous and heterosubtypic influenza viruses. Our results demonstrated that MNP skin vaccination of NA-FliC/M2e nanoparticles could be developed into a standalone or synergistic component of a universal influenza vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Song Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Chunhong Dong
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Yao Ma
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Yufeng Song
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Joo Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Lei Deng
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Timothy L. Denning
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 100 Piedmont Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
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Dong C, Wang Y, Gonzalez GX, Ma Y, Song Y, Wang S, Kang SM, Compans RW, Wang BZ. Intranasal vaccination with influenza HA/GO-PEI nanoparticles provides immune protection against homo- and heterologous strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024998118. [PMID: 33941704 PMCID: PMC8126854 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024998118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal (i.n.) immunization is a promising vaccination route for infectious respiratory diseases such as influenza. Recombinant protein vaccines can overcome the safety concerns and long production phase of virus-based influenza vaccines. However, soluble protein vaccines are poorly immunogenic if administered by an i.n. route. Here, we report that polyethyleneimine-functionalized graphene oxide nanoparticles (GP nanoparticles) showed high antigen-loading capacities and superior immunoenhancing properties. Via a facile electrostatic adsorption approach, influenza hemagglutinin (HA) was incorporated into GP nanoparticles and maintained structural integrity and antigenicity. The resulting GP nanoparticles enhanced antigen internalization and promoted inflammatory cytokine production and JAWS II dendritic cell maturation. Compared with soluble HA, GP nanoparticle formulations induced significantly enhanced and cross-reactive immune responses at both systemic sites and mucosal surfaces in mice after i.n. immunization. In the absence of any additional adjuvant, the GP nanoparticle significantly boosted antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, comparable to the acknowledged potent mucosal immunomodulator CpG. The robust immune responses conferred immune protection against challenges by homologous and heterologous viruses. Additionally, the solid self-adjuvant effect of GP nanoparticles may mask the role of CpG when coincorporated. In the absence of currently approved mucosal adjuvants, GP nanoparticles can be developed into potent i.n. influenza vaccines, providing broad protection. With versatility and flexibility, the GP nanoplatform can be easily adapted for constructing mucosal vaccines for different respiratory pathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Graphite/chemistry
- Graphite/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Immunity, Mucosal/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/chemistry
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Polyethyleneimine/chemistry
- Vaccination/methods
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Dong
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Ye Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Gilbert X Gonzalez
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Yao Ma
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Yufeng Song
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Shelly Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302;
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Crooke SN, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB, Warner ND, Poland GA. Associations between markers of cellular and humoral immunity to rubella virus following a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. Vaccine 2020; 38:7897-7904. [PMID: 33158591 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rubella virus (RV) was eliminated in the United States in 2004, although a small portion of the population fails to develop long-term immunity against RV even after two doses of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. We hypothesized that inherent biological differences in cytokine and chemokine signaling likely govern an individual's response to a third dose of the vaccine. METHODS Healthy young women (n = 97) were selected as study participants if they had either low or high extremes of RV-specific antibody titer after two previous doses of MMR vaccine. We measured cytokine and chemokine secretion from RV-stimulated PBMCs before and 28 days after they received a third dose of MMR vaccine and assessed correlations with humoral immune response outcomes. RESULTS High and low antibody vaccine responders exhibited a strong pro-inflammatory cellular response, with an underlying Th1-associated signature (IL-2, IFN-γ, MIP-1β, IP-10) and suppressed production of most Th2-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13). IL-10 and IL-4 exhibited significant negative associations with neutralizing antibody titers and memory B cell ELISpot responses among low vaccine responders. CONCLUSION IL-4 and IL-10 signaling pathways may be potential targets for understanding and improving the immune response to rubella vaccination or for designing new vaccines that induce more durable immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Crooke
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Nathaniel D Warner
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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5
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Zhu M, Zhou J, Liang Y, Nair V, Yao Y, Cheng Z. CCCH-type zinc finger antiviral protein mediates antiviral immune response by activating T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:299-307. [PMID: 31945209 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ab1119-314rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP), as a host restriction factor, inhibits the replication of certain viruses by binding viral mRNA or proteins for degradation. However, little is known about the role of ZAP in the antiviral immune response. We now show that ZAP participates in the antiviral immune response by activating T cells. Overexpression of ZAP significantly inhibited avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) replication and reduced the associated inflammatory damage in vivo. In this study, we found that ZAP tended to be expressed in T lymphocytes, especially after ALV-J infection. T lymphocyte proliferation proceeded as usual in response to ALV-J infection in the presence of ZAP, indicating that ZAP endows T lymphocytes with resistance to the immunosuppression caused by ALV-J. Furthermore, ZAP activated cytokine secretion by T lymphocytes by contributing to nuclear translocation of nuclear factors of activated T cells and indirectly promoted anti-ALV-J antibody generation. Together, our findings show that ZAP, acting as an immunomodulatory factor, is involved in the antiviral immune response via T lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfei Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong, China
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong, China
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6
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Bakr NM, Awad A, Moustafa EA, El-Gebaly AM. The association between interleukin-21 (rs2055979G/T) gene polymorphism and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and metastasis in patients with hepatitis C virus. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18524-18532. [PMID: 31237020 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer prevalence is critically increasing worldwide; accordingly, improved prediction and therapeutic tools are necessary. Interleukin (IL)-21 is a potent antitumor cytokine, and the relationship between its gene variations and cancer risk is well established. Nevertheless, so far no study has investigated its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and metastasis in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected people. Therefore, the present investigation was led on 267 Egyptian participants, involving 177 patients with HCV of which 90 patients had HCC (HCC group), 87 patients without HCC (non-HCC group), and 90 unrelated healthy controls. The association between rs2221903A/G and rs2055979G/T of the IL-21 gene and the risk of HCC and metastasis, as well as the clinico-pathological features, were analyzed. While rs2221903A/G polymorphism was not polymorphic in our cohort, patients carrying the genotype TT and allele T of the rs2055979G/T polymorphism had a significantly lower risk of HCC when comparing with HCC group and healthy controls. Also, participants carrying the aforementioned genotype and allele had a significantly lower risk of metastasis when comparing metastatic group with both nonmetastatic group and control group. The rs2055979G/T polymorphism was not significantly associated with clinico-pathological features of HCC. This is the first study to report a relationship between an intronic polymorphism in IL-21 gene and HCC and metastasis risk in the Egyptian people, in addition to identifying a potential new marker for the early detection and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Bakr
- Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Awad
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Emad A Moustafa
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Gebaly
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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7
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Kulik L, Maywald M, Kloubert V, Wessels I, Rink L. Zinc deficiency drives Th17 polarization and promotes loss of Treg cell function. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 63:11-18. [PMID: 30316032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A high number of illnesses and disorders are connected to zinc deficiency. Equally, T cell polarization and a balance between different T helper (Th) cell subsets are essential. Therefore, in this study, the influence of zinc deficiency on T cell polarization and on respective signaling pathways was investigated. We uncovered a significantly increased number of regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th17 cells in expanded T cells during zinc deficiency after 3 days of combined treatment with IL-2 and TGF-β1 (Treg) or IL-6 and TGF-β1 (Th17). No difference in Th1 and Th2 cell polarization between zinc-deficient and zinc-adequate status was prominent. On the molecular level, Smad signaling was significantly enhanced by stimulation with TGF-β1/IL-6 during zinc deficiency compared to adequate zinc condition. This represents an explanation for the elevated Th17 cell numbers associated with autoimmune disease especially during zinc deficiency. Moreover, Treg cell numbers are increased during zinc deficiency as well. However, those cells might be nonfunctional since a lower expression of miR-146a was uncovered compared to normal zinc concentrations. In summary, an adequate zinc homeostasis is fundamental to slow down or probably stop the progression of autoimmune diseases and infections. Therefore, supplementing zinc might be a therapeutic approach to dampen autoimmune diseases connected to Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Kulik
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Maywald
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Veronika Kloubert
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Inga Wessels
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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8
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Zhu W, Li S, Wang C, Yu G, Prausnitz MR, Wang BZ. Enhanced Immune Responses Conferring Cross-Protection by Skin Vaccination With a Tri-Component Influenza Vaccine Using a Microneedle Patch. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1705. [PMID: 30105019 PMCID: PMC6077188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin vaccination using biodegradable microneedle patch (MNP) technology in vaccine delivery is a promising strategy showing significant advantages over conventional flu shots. In this study, we developed an MNP encapsulating a 4M2e-tFliC fusion protein and two types of whole inactivated influenza virus vaccines (H1N1 and H3N2) as a universal vaccine candidate. We demonstrated that mice receiving this tri-component influenza vaccine via MNP acquired improved IgG1 antibody responses with more balanced IgG1/IgG2a antibody responses and enhanced cellular immune responses, including increased populations of IL-4 and IFN-γ producing cells and higher frequencies of antigen-specific plasma cells compared with intramuscular injection. In addition, stronger germinal center reactions, increased numbers of Langerin-positive migratory dendritic cells, and increased cytokine secretion were observed in the skin-draining lymph nodes after immunization with the tri-component influenza MNP vaccine. The MNP-immunized group also possessed enhanced protection against a heterologous reassortant A/Shanghai/2013 H7N9 (rSH) influenza virus infection. Furthermore, the sera collected from 4M2e-tFliC MNP-immunized mice were demonstrated to have antiviral efficacy against reassortant A/Vietnam/1203/2004 H5N1 (rVet) and A/Shanghai/2013 H7N9 (rSH) virus challenges. The immunological advantages of skin vaccination with this tri-component MNP vaccine could offer a promising approach to develop an easily applicable and broadly protective universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Zhu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Song Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Guoying Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Miyauchi K. Helper T Cell Responses to Respiratory Viruses in the Lung: Development, Virus Suppression, and Pathogenesis. Viral Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Miyauchi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
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10
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A boosting skin vaccination with dissolving microneedle patch encapsulating M2e vaccine broadens the protective efficacy of conventional influenza vaccines. J Control Release 2017. [PMID: 28642154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The biodegradable microneedle patch (MNP) is a novel technology for vaccine delivery that could improve the immunogenicity of vaccines. To broaden the protective efficiency of conventional influenza vaccines, a new 4M2e-tFliC fusion protein construct containing M2e sequences from different subtypes was generated. Purified fusion protein was encapsulate into MNPs with a biocompatible polymer for use as a boosting vaccine. The results demonstrated that mice receiving a conventional inactivated vaccine followed by a skin-applied dissolving 4M2e-tFliC MNP boost could better maintain the humoral antibody response than that by the conventional vaccine-prime alone. Compared with an intramuscular injection boost, mice receiving the MNP boost showed significantly enhanced cellular immune responses, hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) titers, and neutralization titers. Increased frequency of antigen-specific plasma cells and long-lived bone marrow plasma cells was detected in the MNP boosted group as well, indicating that skin vaccination with 4M2e-tFliC facilitated a long-term antibody-mediated immunity. The 4M2e-tFliC MNP-boosted group also possessed enhanced protection against high lethal dose challenges against homologous A/PR/8/34 and A/Aichi/2/68 viruses and protection for a majority of immunized mice against a heterologous A/California/07/2009 H1N1 virus. High levels of M2e specific immune responses were observed in the 4M2e-tFliC MNP-boosted group as well. These results demonstrate that a skin-applied 4M2e-tFliC MNP boosting immunization to seasonal vaccine recipients may be a rapid approach for increasing the protective efficacy of seasonal vaccines in response to a significant drift seen in circulating viruses. The results also provide a new perspective for future exploration of universal influenza vaccines.
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11
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Wang Z, Sun Y, Fu X, Yu G, Wang C, Bao F, Yue Z, Li J, Sun L, Irwanto A, Yu Y, Chen M, Mi Z, Wang H, Huai P, Li Y, Du T, Yu W, Xia Y, Xiao H, You J, Li J, Yang Q, Wang N, Shang P, Niu G, Chi X, Wang X, Cao J, Cheng X, Liu H, Liu J, Zhang F. A large-scale genome-wide association and meta-analysis identified four novel susceptibility loci for leprosy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13760. [PMID: 27976721 PMCID: PMC5172377 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease, results from the uncultivable pathogen Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), and usually progresses to peripheral neuropathy and permanent progressive deformity if not treated. Previously published genetic studies have identified 18 gene/loci significantly associated with leprosy at the genome-wide significant level. However as a complex disease, only a small proportion of leprosy risk could be explained by those gene/loci. To further identify more susceptibility gene/loci, we hereby performed a three-stage GWAS comprising 8,156 leprosy patients and 15,610 controls of Chinese ancestry. Four novel loci were identified including rs6807915 on 3p25.2 (P=1.94 × 10−8, OR=0.89), rs4720118 on 7p14.3 (P=3.85 × 10−10, OR=1.16), rs55894533 on 8p23.1 (P=5.07 × 10−11, OR=1.15) and rs10100465 on 8q24.11 (P=2.85 × 10−11, OR=0.85). Altogether, these findings have provided new insight and significantly expanded our understanding of the genetic basis of leprosy.
Previous studies have shown genetic associations between leprosy and 18 different genes/loci. Here, Wang and colleagues perform genome-wide association study in Han Chinese leprosy patients and describe four novel loci to be associated to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Yonghu Sun
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xi'an Fu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Gongqi Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Fangfang Bao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Zhenhua Yue
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jianke Li
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Lele Sun
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Yongxiang Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Mingfei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Zihao Mi
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Pengcheng Huai
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Yi Li
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Tiantian Du
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Hailu Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jiabao You
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Na Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Panpan Shang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Guiye Niu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xiaojun Chi
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xiuhuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xiujun Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
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12
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Wu Y, van Besouw NM, Shi Y, Hoogduijn MJ, Wang L, Baan CC. The Biological Effects of IL-21 Signaling on B-Cell-Mediated Responses in Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:319. [PMID: 27602031 PMCID: PMC4994014 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection has emerged as one of the major issues limiting the success of organ transplantation. It exerts a highly negative impact on graft function and outcome, and effective treatment is lacking. The triggers for antibody development, and the mechanisms leading to graft dysfunction and failure, are incompletely understood. The production of antibodies is dependent on instructions from various immunocytes including CD4 T-helper cells that secrete interleukin (IL)-21 and interact with antigen-specific B-cells via costimulatory molecules. In this article, we discuss the role of IL-21 in the activation and differentiation of B-cells and consider the mechanisms of IL-21 and B-cell interaction. An improved understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in antibody-mediated complications after organ transplantation could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies, which control humoral alloreactivity, potentially preventing and treating graft-threatening antibody-mediated rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole M van Besouw
- Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Yunying Shi
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Lanlan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Carla C Baan
- Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , Netherlands
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13
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Bhatt S, Sarosiek KA, Lossos IS. Interleukin 21 - its potential role in the therapy of B-cell lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:17-29. [PMID: 27405876 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1201568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a member of IL-2 cytokine family, has pleotropic biological effects on lymphoid and myeloid cells. During the past 15 years, since the discovery of IL-21, great advances have been made regarding its biological activity and the mechanisms controlling IL-21-mediated cellular responses, especially in hematological malignancies. Preclinical studies have shown that IL-21R is expressed on healthy and neoplastic B-cells and exogenous IL-21 can induce direct apoptosis of IL-21R expressing B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), making it a potentially attractive anti-lymphoma therapy. However, in some hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma, IL-21 can induce proliferation of neoplastic B-cells. In NHL, the underlying mechanism of cell death was found to be different between the various subtypes, including activation of different JAK/STAT signal transduction pathways or other factors. Immunomodulatory effects of IL-21 have also been reported to contribute to its anti-tumor effects as described by earlier studies in solid tumors and B-cell associated malignancies. These effects are predominantly mediated by IL-21's ability to activate cytolytic activities by NK-cells and CD4+/CD8+ T-cells. In this review, we provide an overview of IL-21's effects in NHL, results from clinical trials utilizing IL-21, and propose how IL-21 can be therapeutically exploited for treating these lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Bhatt
- a Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | | | - Izidore S Lossos
- b Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.,c Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology , Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
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14
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Plasma cell alloantigen ENPP1 is expressed by a subset of human B cells with potential regulatory functions. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:719-28. [PMID: 27029896 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cell alloantigen 1 (PC1), also known as ENPP1 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1), is an enzyme involved primarily in hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate at the cell surface. Although the expression pattern of PC1 is relatively broad, its expression in B cells is found at significant levels only in terminally differentiated germinal center B cells, plasma cells and a subset of B-1a cells in mice. Here we describe studies designed to determine whether expression of PC1 might define novel populations of human B cells with similarities to mouse B cells. We found that PC1 is expressed in small populations of human B lineage cells in peripheral blood, cord blood, tonsils, bone marrow and pediatric peritoneal fluid, with the highest levels in plasma cells. The characteristics of human PC1(+) B cells differ from mouse peritoneal B-1a subsets and from features of the human CD20(+)CD27(+)CD43(+)CD70(-) B-cell subset proposed to be human B-1 cells. Expression of PC1 was greatly increased in B cells stimulated with the combination of CD40 ligand, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-21. In addition, PC1(+) B cells activated CD4(+) T regulatory cells. ENPP1 thus defines a subset of human B cells that differs significantly from mouse peritoneal B-1a and proposed human B-1 cells.
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15
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Yazdani R, Fatholahi M, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Abolhassani H, Azizi G, Hamid KM, Rezaei N, Aghamohammadi A. Role of apoptosis in common variable immunodeficiency and selective immunoglobulin A deficiency. Mol Immunol 2016; 71:1-9. [PMID: 26795881 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Wijkhuisen A, Savatier A, Cordeiro N, Léonetti M. Production of antigen-specific human IgGs by in vitro immunization. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:22. [PMID: 26911296 PMCID: PMC4765159 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously developed in vitro immunization based on a fusion protein containing the transcriptional transactivator (Tat) of human immunodeficiency virus and a double domain, called ZZ, derived from protein A of Staphylococcus aureus. In this approach, naïve human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) trigger a specific IgM antibody (Ab) response in the presence of ZZTat. In the present study, we attempted to raise a specific IgG Ab response. Results We found that PBMCs incubated with ZZTat and a mixture containing anti-CD40, IL4 and IL21 secrete anti-Tat IgG Abs in their supernatants, indicating that the cytokine cocktail provides an isotypic switch. Then, we deciphered the Tat determinant involved in the phenomenon and found that it is located in the region 22–57 and that, within this region, the cysteine-rich domain and the basic residues play a crucial role. Finally, we prepared a fusion protein containing a fragment derived from the NY-ESO-1 cancer/testis antigen (Ag) and showed that PBMCs incubated with ZZfNY-ESO-1Tat trigger a specific anti-fNY-ESO-1 IgG Ab response, which demonstrates the possibility of transferring immunizing ability to an Ag unrelated to Tat. Conclusion Our ZZTat-based in vitro immunization approach that offers the possibility to raise an IgG Ab response against NY-ESO-1 might represent a valuable first stage for the generation of fully human IgG specific Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wijkhuisen
- University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France. .,CEA, Institut de Biologie et de Technologie de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - A Savatier
- CEA, Institut de Biologie et de Technologie de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - N Cordeiro
- CEA, Institut de Biologie et de Technologie de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Léonetti
- CEA, Institut de Biologie et de Technologie de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
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17
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Interleukin (IL)-21 promoter polymorphism increases the risk of thyroid cancer in Chinese population. Gene 2013; 537:15-9. [PMID: 24389496 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in Interleukin (IL)-21 have been researched in several cancers, but the association between IL-21 polymorphisms and thyroid cancer remains unclarified. This case-control study explored the role of five tagSNPs (rs12508721C>T, rs907715G>A, rs13143866G>A, rs2221903A>G and rs4833837A>G) in IL-21 gene in thyroid cancer development. IL-21 genotypes were examined in 615 thyroid cancer patients and 600 controls in Chinese population, and the associations with the risk of thyroid cancer were estimated by logistic regression. Moreover, the potential role of rs12508721C>T in thyroid cancer was further explored by biochemical assays. Compared with the rs12508721CC genotype, CT genotype presented a significantly decreased risk of thyroid cancer (adjusted odds ratios [OR]=0.72; 95%CI=0.57-0.94), the TT carriers had a further decreased risk of thyroid cancer (OR=0.56; 95%CI=0.41-0.87). Furthermore, our quantitative real-time PCR and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results demonstrated that the presence of rs12508721T allele led to more IL-21 expression. However, no significant difference was found in genotype frequencies for other four sites between cases and controls. These findings suggested that rs12508721 polymorphism in IL-21 might be a genetic modifier for the development of thyroid cancer.
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18
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Grund LZ, Lopes-Ferreira M, Lima C. The hierarchical process of differentiation of long-lived antibody-secreting cells is dependent on integrated signals derived from antigen and IL-17A. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74566. [PMID: 24058589 PMCID: PMC3776816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Switched CD19-positive memory B cells purified from mice with chronic immune response against Thalassophrynenattereri venom proteins were cultured with venom or cytokines. Our results confirm the existence of a hierarchic process of differentiation: activated memory B cells progressively acquire increasing levels of CD138 and decreasing levels of CD45R/B220 to finally arrive at ASC with B220neg phenotype, which are IgG1-secreting cells. Only Bmem from peritoneal cavity or bone marrow of VTn immunized mice presented the capacity to generate ASC functionally active. IL-17A or IL-21/IL-23/IL-33 improves the ability of venom to induce intracellular IgG of peritoneal derived-ASC. Cognate stimulation with venom and IL-17A is sufficient to down-regulate the expression of CD45R/B220. BAFF-R is up-regulated in splenic or medullar derived-ASC stimulated by venom, CpG or cytokines. Only splenic derived-ASC up-regulate Bcl-2 expression after CpG or the combination of IL-21/IL-23/IL-33 stimulation. Finally, the activation of ASC for IgG1 secretion is triggered by venom proteins in peritoneal cavity and by IL-17A in medullar niche. These results show the importance of the integration of signals downstream of BCR and IL17-A receptors in modulating ASC differentiation, focusing in the microenvironment niche of their generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane Zito Grund
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute and Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute and Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute and Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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19
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Ahearne MJ, Willimott S, Piñon L, Kennedy DB, Miall F, Dyer MJS, Wagner SD. Enhancement of CD154/IL4 proliferation by the T follicular helper (Tfh) cytokine, IL21 and increased numbers of circulating cells resembling Tfh cells in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2013; 162:360-70. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Ahearne
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; MRC Toxicology Unit; University of Leicester; Leicester; UK
| | - Shaun Willimott
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; MRC Toxicology Unit; University of Leicester; Leicester; UK
| | - Lucia Piñon
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; MRC Toxicology Unit; University of Leicester; Leicester; UK
| | | | - Fiona Miall
- Department of Haematology; Leicester Royal Infirmary; Leicester; UK
| | | | - Simon D. Wagner
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; MRC Toxicology Unit; University of Leicester; Leicester; UK
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20
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A method for inducing antigen-specific IgG production by in vitro immunization. J Immunol Methods 2012; 386:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Simard N, Konforte D, Tran AH, Esufali J, Leonard WJ, Paige CJ. Analysis of the role of IL-21 in development of murine B cell progenitors in the bone marrow. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5244-53. [PMID: 21430229 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1004040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IL-21 plays a key role in the late stage of B cell development, where it has been shown to induce growth and differentiation of mature B cells into Ig-secreting plasma cells. Because IL-21R has also been reported on bone marrow (BM) B cell progenitors, we investigated whether IL-21R influenced earlier stages of B cell development. IL-21R is functional as early as the pro-B cell stage, and the strength of receptor-mediated signaling increases as cells mature. The addition of IL-21 to B cell progenitors in cell culture resulted in the accelerated appearance of mature B cell markers and was associated with the induction of Aid, Blimp1, and germline transcripts. We also found that stimulation of both IL-21R and CD40 was sufficient to induce the maturation of early B cell progenitors into IgM- and IgG-secreting cells. Consistent with a role for IL-21 in promoting B cell differentiation, the number of B220(+)CD43(+)IgM(-) pro-B cells was increased, and the number of mature IgM(hi)IgD(hi) cells was decreased in BM of IL-21R-deficient mice. We also report in this paper that IL-21 is expressed by BM CD4(+) T cells. These results provide evidence that IL-21R is functional in B cell progenitors and indicate that IL-21 regulates B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Simard
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.
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Yoshida N, Kitayama D, Arima M, Sakamoto A, Inamine A, Watanabe-Takano H, Hatano M, Koike T, Tokuhisa T. CXCR4 expression on activated B cells is downregulated by CD63 and IL-21. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:2800-8. [PMID: 21270405 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CXCR4 expression is critical for localization of centroblasts in the dark zone of germinal centers (GCs), and centrocytes downregulate CXCR4 and thus leave the dark zone to reside in the light zone. However, mechanisms governing CXCR4 downregulation on centrocytes are not known. In this study, we show that the amount of intracellular CXCR4 in centroblasts was similar to that in centrocytes, suggesting differential control of CXCR4 protein expression in these GC B cells. Restimulation of activated B cells with IL-21, which is a major cytokine produced by T follicular helper cells, accelerated CXCR4 internalization by inducing endocytosis-related GRK6 expression. Although CXCR4 expression was downregulated on GC B cells by IL-21 stimulation, CXCR4(low) centrocytes developed in the spleens of IL-21R-deficient mice, suggesting other mechanisms for downregulation. The level of CD63 (which recruits CXCR4 to late endosome in CD4 T cells) in centrocytes was more than that in centroblasts and was strikingly elevated in activated Bcl6-deficient B cells. Bcl6, a transcriptional repressor, was detected on the chromatin of the CD63 gene in resting B cells, therefore CD63 is a molecular target of Bcl6. Downregulation of CD63 mRNA in activated Bcl6-deficient B cells by small interfering RNA upregulated CXCR4 expression on the B cells. Furthermore, addition of Bcl6 inhibitor to activated B cell cultures increased CD63 mRNA expression in (and downregulated CXCR4 expression on) those activated B cells. Thus, CXCR4 can be downregulated on activated B cells by IL-21-induced endocytosis and CD63-mediated endosomal recruitment, and these mechanisms may contribute to downregulation of CXCR4 on centrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Yoshida
- Department of Developmental Genetics, H2, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Becquart P, Wauquier N, Nkoghe D, Ndjoyi-Mbiguino A, Padilla C, Souris M, Leroy EM. Acute dengue virus 2 infection in Gabonese patients is associated with an early innate immune response, including strong interferon alpha production. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:356. [PMID: 21167041 PMCID: PMC3013083 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is now a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the tropics. We conducted the first ex vivo study of dengue fever (DF) in African patients infected during the first Gabonese dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) outbreak in 2007, in order to investigate cytokine production, including the antiviral cytokine IFN-α, reported to be a potent inhibitor of DENV replication in vitro. METHODS Levels of 50 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were measured in plasma from 36 patients with DENV-2 infection, and in uninfected controls, using Luminex multiplex technology. The results were interpreted according to the day of sampling after symptom onset. PBMC from six patients were also studied for T lymphocyte cell surface marker expression by flow cytometry. RESULTS Acute DENV-2 infection elicited high levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-17), chemokines (MIF, RANTES, IP-10 and MCP-1) and growth factors (G-CSF, GM-CSF and VEGF-A). We also observed high levels of IFN-α for the first time in adult DF patients, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation at symptom onset. CONCLUSION Acute DENV-2 infection in African patients elicits a strong innate response involving IFN-α production, as well as an adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Becquart
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon.
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Interleukin-21 restores immunoglobulin production ex vivo in patients with common variable immunodeficiency and selective IgA deficiency. Blood 2009; 114:4089-98. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-02-207423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is an important promoter for differentiation of human B cells into immunoglobulin (Ig)–secreting cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate an IL-21–based approach to induce immunoglobulin production in B cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) or selective IgA deficiency (IgAD). We show that a combination of IL-21, IL-4, and anti-CD40 stimulation induces class-switch recombination to IgG and IgA and differentiation of Ig-secreting cells, consisting of both surface IgG+ (sIgG+) and sIgA+ B cells and CD138+ plasma cells, in patients with CVID or IgAD. Stimulation with IL-21 was far more effective than stimulation with IL-4 or IL-10. Moreover, spontaneous apoptosis of CD19+ B cells from patients with CVID or IgAD was prevented by a combination of IL-21, IL-4, and anti-CD40 stimulation. Analysis of IL-21 and IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) mRNA expression upon anti-CD3 stimulation of T cells, however, showed no evidence for defective IL-21 expression in CVID patients and sequencing of the coding regions of the IL21 gene did not reveal any mutations, suggesting a regulatory defect. Thus, our work provides an initial basis for a potential therapeutic role of IL-21 to reconstitute immunoglobulin production in CVID and IgAD.
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Konforte D, Simard N, Paige CJ. IL-21: An Executor of B Cell Fate. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:1781-7. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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