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El‐Ayoubi A, Arakelyan A, Klawitter M, Merk L, Hakobyan S, Gonzalez‐Menendez I, Quintanilla Fend L, Holm PS, Mikulits W, Schwab M, Danielyan L, Naumann U. Development of an optimized, non-stem cell line for intranasal delivery of therapeutic cargo to the central nervous system. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:528-546. [PMID: 38115217 PMCID: PMC10920084 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are considered to be valuable candidates for delivering a variety of anti-cancer agents, including oncolytic viruses, to brain tumors. However, owing to the previously reported tumorigenic potential of NSC cell lines after intranasal administration (INA), here we identified the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 as a cell type capable of longer resistance to replication of oncolytic adenoviruses (OAVs) as a therapeutic cargo, and that is non-tumorigenic after INA. Our data show that LX-2 cells can longer withstand the OAV XVir-N-31 replication and oncolysis than NSCs. By selecting the highly migratory cell population out of LX-2, an offspring cell line with a higher and more stable capability to migrate was generated. Additionally, as a safety backup, we applied genomic herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) integration into LX-2, leading to high vulnerability to ganciclovir (GCV). Histopathological analyses confirmed the absence of neoplasia in the respiratory tracts and brains of immuno-compromised mice 3 months after INA of LX-2 cells. Our data suggest that LX-2 is a novel, robust, and safe cell line for delivering anti-cancer and other therapeutic agents to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali El‐Ayoubi
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center NeurologyUniversity Hospital of TübingenGermany
| | - Arsen Arakelyan
- Research Group of BioinformaticsInstitute of Molecular Biology NAS RAYerevanArmenia
| | - Moritz Klawitter
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center NeurologyUniversity Hospital of TübingenGermany
| | - Luisa Merk
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center NeurologyUniversity Hospital of TübingenGermany
| | - Siras Hakobyan
- Research Group of BioinformaticsInstitute of Molecular Biology NAS RAYerevanArmenia
- Armenian Institute of BioinformaticsYerevanArmenia
| | - Irene Gonzalez‐Menendez
- Institute for Pathology, Department of General and Molecular PathologyUniversity Hospital TübingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image‐Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies"Eberhard Karls University of TübingenGermany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla Fend
- Institute for Pathology, Department of General and Molecular PathologyUniversity Hospital TübingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image‐Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies"Eberhard Karls University of TübingenGermany
| | - Per Sonne Holm
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichGermany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryMedical University InnsbruckAustria
- XVir Therapeutics GmbHMunichGermany
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image‐Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies"Eberhard Karls University of TübingenGermany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgartGermany
- Department of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of TübingenGermany
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyUniversity Hospital TübingenGermany
- Neuroscience Laboratory and Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical PharmacologyYerevan State Medical UniversityArmenia
| | - Lusine Danielyan
- Department of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of TübingenGermany
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyUniversity Hospital TübingenGermany
- Neuroscience Laboratory and Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical PharmacologyYerevan State Medical UniversityArmenia
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center NeurologyUniversity Hospital of TübingenGermany
- Gene and RNA Therapy Center (GRTC)Faculty of Medicine University TübingenGermany
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Klaus T, Hieber C, Bros M, Grabbe S. Integrins in Health and Disease-Suitable Targets for Treatment? Cells 2024; 13:212. [PMID: 38334604 PMCID: PMC10854705 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrin receptors are heterodimeric surface receptors that play multiple roles regarding cell-cell communication, signaling, and migration. The four members of the β2 integrin subfamily are composed of an alternative α (CD11a-d) subunit, which determines the specific receptor properties, and a constant β (CD18) subunit. This review aims to present insight into the multiple immunological roles of integrin receptors, with a focus on β2 integrins that are specifically expressed by leukocytes. The pathophysiological role of β2 integrins is confirmed by the drastic phenotype of patients suffering from leukocyte adhesion deficiencies, most often resulting in severe recurrent infections and, at the same time, a predisposition for autoimmune diseases. So far, studies on the role of β2 integrins in vivo employed mice with a constitutive knockout of all β2 integrins or either family member, respectively, which complicated the differentiation between the direct and indirect effects of β2 integrin deficiency for distinct cell types. The recent generation and characterization of transgenic mice with a cell-type-specific knockdown of β2 integrins by our group has enabled the dissection of cell-specific roles of β2 integrins. Further, integrin receptors have been recognized as target receptors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases as well as tumor therapy. However, whereas both agonistic and antagonistic agents yielded beneficial effects in animal models, the success of clinical trials was limited in most cases and was associated with unwanted side effects. This unfavorable outcome is most probably related to the systemic effects of the used compounds on all leukocytes, thereby emphasizing the need to develop formulations that target distinct types of leukocytes to modulate β2 integrin activity for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.K.); (C.H.); (M.B.)
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Martinez-Garcia M, Naharro PR, Skinner MW, Baran KA, Lascarez-Lagunas LI, Nadarajan S, Shin N, Silva-García CG, Saito TT, Beese-Sims S, Diaz-Pacheco BN, Berson E, Castañer AB, Pacheco S, Martinez-Perez E, Jordan PW, Colaiácovo MP. GRAS-1 is a novel regulator of early meiotic chromosome dynamics in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010666. [PMID: 36809245 PMCID: PMC9983901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome movements and licensing of synapsis must be tightly regulated during early meiosis to ensure accurate chromosome segregation and avoid aneuploidy, although how these steps are coordinated is not fully understood. Here we show that GRAS-1, the worm homolog of mammalian GRASP/Tamalin and CYTIP, coordinates early meiotic events with cytoskeletal forces outside the nucleus. GRAS-1 localizes close to the nuclear envelope (NE) in early prophase I and interacts with NE and cytoskeleton proteins. Delayed homologous chromosome pairing, synaptonemal complex (SC) assembly, and DNA double-strand break repair progression are partially rescued by the expression of human CYTIP in gras-1 mutants, supporting functional conservation. However, Tamalin, Cytip double knockout mice do not exhibit obvious fertility or meiotic defects, suggesting evolutionary differences between mammals. gras-1 mutants show accelerated chromosome movement during early prophase I, implicating GRAS-1 in regulating chromosome dynamics. GRAS-1-mediated regulation of chromosome movement is DHC-1-dependent, placing it acting within the LINC-controlled pathway, and depends on GRAS-1 phosphorylation at a C-terminal S/T cluster. We propose that GRAS-1 coordinates the early steps of homology search and licensing of SC assembly by regulating the pace of chromosome movement in early prophase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martinez-Garcia
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pedro Robles Naharro
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marnie W Skinner
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, John Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kerstin A Baran
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, John Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Laura I Lascarez-Lagunas
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Saravanapriah Nadarajan
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carlos G Silva-García
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Takamune T Saito
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sara Beese-Sims
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brianna N Diaz-Pacheco
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elizaveta Berson
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ana B Castañer
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarai Pacheco
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philip W Jordan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, John Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Monica P Colaiácovo
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Bednarczyk M, Stege H, Grabbe S, Bros M. β2 Integrins-Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1402. [PMID: 32092981 PMCID: PMC7073085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β2 integrins are heterodimeric surface receptors composed of a variable α (CD11a-CD11d) and a constant β (CD18) subunit and are specifically expressed by leukocytes. The α subunit defines the individual functional properties of the corresponding β2 integrin, but all β2 integrins show functional overlap. They mediate adhesion to other cells and to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), orchestrate uptake of extracellular material like complement-opsonized pathogens, control cytoskeletal organization, and modulate cell signaling. This review aims to delineate the tremendous role of β2 integrins for immune functions as exemplified by the phenotype of LAD-I (leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1) patients that suffer from strong recurrent infections. These immune defects have been largely attributed to impaired migratory and phagocytic properties of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. The molecular base for this inherited disease is a functional impairment of β2 integrins due to mutations within the CD18 gene. LAD-I patients are also predisposed for autoimmune diseases. In agreement, polymorphisms within the CD11b gene have been associated with autoimmunity. Consequently, β2 integrins have received growing interest as targets in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, β2 integrin activity on leukocytes has been implicated in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (H.S.); (S.G.)
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Wang W, Xu Z, Zhu X, Chang X. Mining the potential therapeutic targets for coronary artery disease by bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5069-5075. [PMID: 30320387 PMCID: PMC6236289 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to mine therapeutic molecular targets that play an important part in the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). The gene expression profile GSE28829 dataset and the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile GSE59421 dataset were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GEO2R online analytical tool was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs). The target genes of DEMs were identified using the miRWalk2.0 web-based tool and 2 miRNA-gene regulatory networks were constructed using Cytoscape software. Subsequently, enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms of miRNA-target DEGs were obtained using the Database for Visualization, Annotation and Integrated Analysis, and locations of these genes in the chromosomes were determined by Map Viewer. In the present study, 350 DEGs and 66 DEMs were screened. A total of 3,588 target genes were identified from the DEMs, and 57 of these target genes and established DEGs were identified to overlap. GO terms associated with 5 processes, and 4 types of composition were identified to be enriched in the miRNA-target DEGs. Furthermore, 26 miRNA-gene regulatory pairs were obtained between the 57 target genes and DEMs. The 26 miRNA-target DEGs were unevenly distributed, and no genes were located on the sex chromosomes. As a result of the present study, potential therapeutic targets for CAD were identified through bioinformatics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
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Yang L, Matsuda T, Raviraj V, Ching YW, Braet F, Nagai T, Soon LL. Imaging the dynamics of intracellular protein translocation by photoconversion of phamret-cybr/ROM. J Microsc 2010; 242:250-61. [PMID: 21118394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2010.03463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cybr/Reduced On-random Motile (ROM) is a scaffold protein, containing a postsynaptic density protein-95/discs-large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain, a LEU region and a PDZ domain binding region at the C-terminus. In the immune system, Cybr/ROM was found to localize in vesicles and at the plasma membrane, through interactions with cytohesin-1. In this investigation, we reported Cybr/ROM as occurring in vesicles, the cytoplasm and at membrane ruffles of H1299 lung cancer cells. Its localization at the ruffles was dependent on intact actin structures as indicated by latrunculin A treatment, which abrogated ruffle formation and staining of Cybr/ROM at the cells' periphery. Transfection of truncation mutants consisting of either the PDZ or LEU domain showed that the LEU domain of ROM was localized to membrane ruffles, vesicles and the cytoplasm, whereas, the PDZ domain localized to the membrane ruffles and cytoplasm only. There was therefore, domain/molecular segregation of Cybr/ROM in different cellular compartments. Cybr/ROM was subcloned into a plasmid carrying the photoactivation-mediated resonance energy transfer (Phamret) protein. The photoconversion experiments demonstrated the diffusion of ROM from the cytoplasm to the membrane ruffling sites and conversely from membrane ruffles to the cytoplasm. Large variances in the transport velocity of Cybr/ROM in the cytoplasm suggested that its movements were facilitated by other mechanisms in addition to diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (ACMM), Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility (AMMRF), University of Sydney, Australia
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White DT, McShea KM, Attar MA, Santy LC. GRASP and IPCEF promote ARF-to-Rac signaling and cell migration by coordinating the association of ARNO/cytohesin 2 with Dock180. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 21:562-71. [PMID: 20016009 PMCID: PMC2820421 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-03-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ARF-GEF ARNO promotes motility by activating ARF6 and a subsequent downstream activation of Rac. ARNO is shown to associate with the Rac GEF Dock180 via its coiled-coil domain. Knockdown of scaffold proteins that bind ARNO disrupts the formation of this complex and disrupts ARF-to-Rac signaling. ARFs are small GTPases that regulate vesicular trafficking, cell shape, and movement. ARFs are subject to extensive regulation by a large number of accessory proteins. The many different accessory proteins are likely specialized to regulate ARF signaling during particular processes. ARNO/cytohesin 2 is an ARF-activating protein that promotes cell migration and cell shape changes. We report here that protein–protein interactions mediated by the coiled-coil domain of ARNO are required for ARNO induced motility. ARNO lacking the coiled-coil domain does not promote migration and does not induce ARF-dependent Rac activation. We find that the coiled-coil domain promotes the assembly of a multiprotein complex containing both ARNO and the Rac-activating protein Dock180. Knockdown of either GRASP/Tamalin or IPCEF, two proteins known to bind to the coiled-coil of ARNO, prevents the association of ARNO and Dock180 and prevents ARNO-induced Rac activation. These data suggest that scaffold proteins can regulate ARF dependent processes by biasing ARF signaling toward particular outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T White
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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