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Ralchev NR, Kerekov N, Mihaylova N, Kremlitzka M, Hristova D, Dzhorev J, Erdei A, Tchorbanov AI. Targeted suppression of Dpt-specific B cells in humanized Rag2- γc- mouse model of HDM allergy. Scand J Immunol 2023; 97:e13241. [PMID: 36519562 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Der p 1 is one of the major allergenic molecules of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, causing house dust mite (HDM) allergy. The pathological B cells produce allergen-specific IgE antibodies that mediate the hypersensitivity reaction, therefore the selective elimination of these B cells is a legitimate therapeutic goal in allergy. Chimeric molecule Dp51-72 able to cross-link B cell inhibitory complement receptor type 1 and BCR on Der p 1-specific B cells was constructed. The signalling capabilities of this molecule have been tested on human B cells. A humanized mouse model of HDM allergy has been used to test the in vivo effects of the chimeric molecule administration. Administering the chimeric molecule to immunodeficient Rag2- γc- mice transferred with PBMCs from allergic patients resulted in reduction of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the sera, and reduced infiltration of immune cells in lung histology preparations. Reduced numbers of human CD45+ and CD4+ cells in the lungs as well as inhibition of mast cell degranulation were also observed. The treatment with Dp51-72 chimera significantly decreased the local levels of anti-Dpt IgE antibodies in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The binding of the chimeric molecule to tonsillar B cells triggers the tyrosine phosphorylation of 30-32 kDa protein, which is most likely involved in the inhibitory process. Administration of constructed chimeric molecules to humanized mice with developed inflammation resulted in specific suppression of disease-associated IgE antibody-producing cells and preserved lung histology. This effective approach could be further developed into a therapeutic agent for treatment of patients with HDM allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Ralchev Ralchev
- The Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikola Kerekov
- The Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolina Mihaylova
- The Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mariann Kremlitzka
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diana Hristova
- Allergology Clinic, Alexander's University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Anna Erdei
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrey Ivanov Tchorbanov
- The Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.,National Institute of Immunology, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Selective Silencing of Disease-Associated B Lymphocytes from Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Patients by Chimeric Protein Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315083. [PMID: 36499407 PMCID: PMC9738561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is one of the most common endocrine disorders, affecting up to 20% of the adult population. No treatment or prevention exists except hormonal substitution for hypothyroidism. We hypothesize that it may be possible to selectively suppress anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) IgG antibody-producing B lymphocytes from HT patients by a chimeric protein molecule containing a monoclonal antibody specific for the human inhibitory receptor CR1, coupled to peptide epitopes derived from Tg protein. We expect that this treatment will down-regulate B-cell autoreactivity by delivering a strong inhibitory signal. Three peptides-two epitope-predicted ones derived from Tg and another irrelevant peptide-were synthesized and then coupled with monoclonal anti-human CR1 antibody to construct three chimeric molecules. The binding to CD35 on human B cells and the effects of the chimeric constructs on PBMC and TMC from patients with HT were tested using flow cytometry, ELISpot assay, and immunoenzyme methods. We found that after the chemical conjugation, all chimeras retained their receptor-binding capacity, and the Tg epitopes could be recognized by anti-Tg autoantibodies in the patients' sera. This treatment downregulated B-cell autoreactivity and cell proliferation, inhibited Tg-specific B-cell differentiation to plasmablasts and promoted apoptosis to the targeted cells. The treatment of PBMCs from HT patients with Tg-epitope-carrying chimeric molecules affects the activity of Tg-specific autoreactive B lymphocytes, delivering to them a strong suppressive signal.
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Manoylov IK, Boneva GV, Doytchinova IA, Mihaylova NM, Tchorbanov AI. Suppression of Disease-Associated B Lymphocytes by GAD65 Epitope-Carrying Protein-Engineered Molecules in a Streptozotocin-Induced Mouse Model of Diabetes. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2020; 38:201-208. [PMID: 31603741 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2019.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune syndrome defined by the presence of autoreactive T and B cells, which results in destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Autoantibodies against GAD65 (glutamic acid decarboxylase 65)-a membrane-bound enzyme on pancreatic beta cells, contribute to beta cells' destruction and the loss of pancreatic functions. Mouse FcγRIIb on B lymphocytes possesses an inhibitory effect on the activity of these cells. We hypothesized that it may be possible to suppress GAD65-specific B cells in mice with diabetes using chimeric molecules, containing an anti-FcγRIIb antibody, coupled to peptide B/T epitopes derived from the GAD65 protein. With these engineered chimeras, we expect to selectively co-cross-link the anti-GAD65-specific B cell receptor (BCR) and FcγRIIb, thus delivering a suppressive signal to the targeted B cells. An anti-FcγRIIb monoclonal antibody and two synthetic peptide epitopes derived from the GAD65 molecule were used for chimeras' construction. The suppressive activity of the engineered molecules was tested in vivo in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. These chimeric molecules exclusively bind disease-associated B cells by recognizing their GAD65-specific BCR and selectively deliver a strong inhibitory signal through their surface FcγRIIb receptors. A reduction in the number of anti-GAD65 IgG antibody-secreting plasmocytes and an increased percentage of apoptotic B lymphocytes were observed after treatment with protein-engineered antibodies of mice with STZ-induced type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyan Konstantinov Manoylov
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angelov Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gabriela Valentinova Boneva
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angelov Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Nikolina Mihaylova Mihaylova
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angelov Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Andrey Ivanov Tchorbanov
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Stefan Angelov Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.,National Institute of Immunology, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Sokolova RN, Yankova RK, Abadjieva TI, Popova TA, Ivanovska MV, Murdjeva MA, Orbetzova MM, Dermendzhiev SM, Pavlova MV. Association between Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity and Key Immunological Components of IgE-mediated Inflammation. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2019; 59:159-164. [PMID: 28704195 DOI: 10.1515/folmed-2017-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in lifestyle and obesity in recent decades have brought about a dramatic increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and allergic diseases. Clinical and epidemiological studies associate obesity with epidemics of allergic diseases. The link between obesity and DM2 with immunological components of IgE-mediated allergic inflammation is not yet conclusively established. AIM To examine the key immunological components of IgE-mediated allergic inflammation in patients with DM2 and their relationship with glycemic control and anthropometric indicators. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five patients with DM2 and 32 healthy controls with normal weight and body mass index (BMI) of 18-24.9 kg/m2 were included in the study. Th2-cytokine profile (serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5, pg/ml) and total serum IgE IU/ml were assessed in all participants in the study using ELISA. In patients with DM2, levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) in the blood were also measured. RESULTS Serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5 are significantly higher in patients with DM2 compared to the control group. Serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5 positively correlated with BMI as well as serum levels of IL-4 with waist circumference. Total serum IgE positively correlated with HbA1c. CONCLUSION Obesity and poor glycemic control in patients with DM2 affect key immunological components of IgE-mediated allergic inflammation and possibly alter the immune response to allergens and antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raditsa N Sokolova
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rumyana K Yankova
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetana I Abadjieva
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana A Popova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria,Division of Immunological Assessment of PTSD, Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria V Ivanovska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria,Division of Immunological Assessment of PTSD, Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana A Murdjeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria,Division of Immunological Assessment of PTSD, Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria M Orbetzova
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Svetlan M Dermendzhiev
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Occupational Diseases and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University
of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria V Pavlova
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Manoylov IK, Boneva GV, Doytchinova IA, Mihaylova NM, Tchorbanov AI. Protein-engineered molecules carrying GAD65 epitopes and targeting CD35 selectively down-modulate disease-associated human B lymphocytes. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 197:329-340. [PMID: 31009057 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, the presence of autoreactive T and B cells and autoantibodies against self-antigens. A membrane-bound enzyme on the pancreatic beta-cells, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), is one of the main autoantigens in type 1 diabetes. Autoantibodies against GAD65 are potentially involved in beta-cell destruction and decline of pancreatic functions. The human complement receptor type 1 (CD35) on B and T lymphocytes has a suppressive activity on these cells. We hypothesized that it may be possible to eliminate GAD65-specific B cells from type 1 diabetes patients by using chimeric molecules, containing an anti-CD35 antibody, coupled to peptides resembling GAD65 B/T epitopes. These molecules are expected to selectively bind the anti-GAD65 specific B cells by the co-cross-linking of the immunoglobulin receptor and CD35 and to deliver a suppressive signal. Two synthetic peptides derived from GAD65 protein (GAD65 epitopes) and anti-CD35 monoclonal antibody were used for the construction of two chimeras. The immunomodulatory activity of the engineered antibodies was tested in vitro using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from type 1 diabetes patients. A reduction in the number of anti-GAD65 IgG antibody-secreting plasma cells and increased percentage of apoptotic B lymphocytes was observed after treatment of these PBMCs with the engineered antibodies. The constructed chimeric molecules are able to selectively modulate the activity of GAD65-specific B lymphocytes and the production of anti-GAD65 IgG autoantibodies by co-cross-linking of the inhibitory CD35 and the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). This treatment presents a possible way to alter the autoimmune nature of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Manoylov
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - G V Boneva
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - I A Doytchinova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - N M Mihaylova
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A I Tchorbanov
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.,National Institute of Immunology, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Soyka MB, van de Veen W, Holzmann D, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Scientific foundations of allergen-specific immunotherapy for allergic disease. Chest 2015; 146:1347-1357. [PMID: 25367471 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) was described as a therapeutic option for the treatment of allergies > 100 years ago. It is based on administration of allergen extracts and leads to the development of clinical allergen tolerance in selected patients. According to current knowledge, AIT results in the restoration of immune tolerance toward the allergen of interest. It is mainly accompanied by the induction of regulatory and suppressive subsets of T and B cells, the production of IgG4 isotype allergen-specific blocking antibodies, and decreased inflammatory responses to allergens by effector cells in inflamed tissues. Currently, AIT is mainly applied subcutaneously or sublingually and is suitable for both children and adults for pollen, pet dander, house dust mite, and venom allergies. It not only affects rhinoconjunctival symptoms but also has documented short- and long-term benefits in asthma treatment. Clinically, a fast onset of tolerance is achieved during desensitization, with a tolerable amount of side effects. The disease modification effect leads to decreased disease severity, less drug usage, prevention of future allergen sensitizations, and a long-term curative effect. Increasing safety while maintaining or even augmenting efficiency is the main goal of research for novel vaccine development and improvement of treatment schemes in AIT. This article reviews the principles of allergen-specific immune tolerance development and the effects of AIT in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Soyka
- From the The Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research Davos, University of Zurich, Davos; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich
| | - Willem van de Veen
- From the The Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research Davos, University of Zurich, Davos
| | - David Holzmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- From the The Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research Davos, University of Zurich, Davos
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- From the The Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research Davos, University of Zurich, Davos; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland.
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