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Ebrahimnezhad M, Asl SH, Rezaie M, Molavand M, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. lncRNAs: New players of cancer drug resistance via targeting ABC transporters. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 39091106 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance poses a significant obstacle to successful chemotherapy, primarily driven by the activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which actively efflux chemotherapeutic agents from cancer cells, reducing their intracellular concentrations and therapeutic efficacy. Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating this resistance, positioning them as crucial modulators of ABC transporter function. lncRNAs, once considered transcriptional noise, are now recognized for their complex regulatory capabilities at various cellular levels, including chromatin modification, transcription, and post-transcriptional processing. This review synthesizes current research demonstrating how lncRNAs influence cancer drug resistance by modulating the expression and activity of ABC transporters. lncRNAs can act as molecular sponges, sequestering microRNAs that would otherwise downregulate ABC transporter genes. Additionally, they can alter the epigenetic landscape of these genes, affecting their transcriptional activity. Mechanistic insights reveal that lncRNAs contribute to the activity of ABC transporters, thereby altering the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs and promoting drug resistance. Understanding these interactions provides a new perspective on the molecular basis of chemoresistance, emphasizing the regulatory network of lncRNAs and ABC transporters. This knowledge not only deepens our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying drug resistance but also suggests novel therapeutic strategies. In conclusion, the intricate interplay between lncRNAs and ABC transporters is crucial for developing innovative solutions to combat cancer drug resistance, underscoring the importance of continued research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahimnezhad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Hassanzadeh Asl
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maede Rezaie
- Immunology research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehran Molavand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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2
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Zabeti Touchaei A, Vahidi S. MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:102. [PMID: 38462628 PMCID: PMC10926683 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the power of the immune system to eliminate tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block negative regulatory signals that prevent T cells from attacking cancer cells. Two key ICIs target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which includes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1). Another ICI targets cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). While ICIs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in various malignancies, only a subset of patients respond favorably. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, play a crucial role in modulating immune checkpoints, including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. This review summarizes the latest advancements in immunotherapy, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoints and the regulatory role of miRNAs in modulating these pathways. Consequently, understanding the complex interplay between miRNAs and immune checkpoints is essential for developing more effective and personalized immunotherapy strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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3
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Zhou S, Wang B, Wei Y, Dai P, Chen Y, Xiao Y, Xia H, Chen C, Yin W. PD-1 inhibitor combined with Docetaxel exerts synergistic anti-prostate cancer effect in mice by down-regulating the expression of PI3K/AKT/NFKB-P65/PD-L1 signaling pathway. Cancer Biomark 2024; 40:47-59. [PMID: 38306024 PMCID: PMC11307039 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docetaxel is a yew compound antitumor agent with accurate antitumor efficacy, but its application is limited due to the high and serious adverse effects, and finding effective combination therapy options is a viable strategy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become hotspots in enhancing anti-tumor immunity by blocking immune checkpoint signaling pathways, but their response rate to monotherapy use is not high and the efficacy is minimal. OBJECTIVE To explore the anti-tumor effects and mechanisms of the combination of PD-1 inhibitors and Docetaxel through in vivo experiments and develop a feasible combination treatment for the therapy of prostate cancer. METHODS Tumor-bearing mice were subcutaneously injected with 0.1 ml RM-1 cells. Treatment were taken when the tumor growed up to 3 mm, after which the tumor and spleen were removed to test the antitumor effect with Flow cytometric (FACS) analysis, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot. RESULTS In this experiment, we found that PD-1 inhibitors combined with Docetaxel had a synergistic effect on mouse prostate cancer, inhibited the growth of prostate cancer, improved survival and reduced adverse reactions, increased spleen and tumor infiltrative CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, especially in group combination with low-dose Docetaxel, and were related to the PI3K/AKT/NFKB-P65/PD-L1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that PD-1 inhibitors in combination with Docetaxel are a viable combination strategy and provide a safe and effective combination option for the clinical treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Baogui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peiru Dai
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingyi Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongmei Xia
- The People’s Hospital of Yichun Affiliated to Clinical Medicine School of Yichun University in Jiangxi Province, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weihua Yin
- The People’s Hospital of Yichun Affiliated to Clinical Medicine School of Yichun University in Jiangxi Province, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
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Cheng J, Sun Y, Zhao H, Ren W, Gao D, Wang Z, Lv W, Dong Q. Niraparib restrains prostate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis and tumor growth in mice by regulating the lncRNA MEG3/miR-181-5p/GATA6 pathway. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16314. [PMID: 38047026 PMCID: PMC10693232 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi), have gained approval for treating patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), plays a role in inhibiting tumorigenesis through regulating DNA repair genes. This study aimed to investigate the association between the anti-prostate cancer (PCa) effect of niraparib, a representative PARPi, and MEG3 expression, as well as explore the downstream pathway involved. Methods The levels of MEG3, miR-181-5p, GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6) in clinical samples from PCa patients were accessed by RT-qPCR. PC3 cells were treated with niraparib, and the expression of MEG3, miR-181-5p, GATA6 expression was tested. PC3 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were tested by CCK-8, wound healing, and Transwell assays, respectively. The bindings between miR-181-5p and MEG3/GATA6 were determined by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Furthermore, rescue experiments were conducted to investigate the underlying mechanism of MEG3/miR-181-5p/GATA6 axis in PCa progression. Additionally, mice were injected with PC3 cells transfected with sh-MEG3 and treated with niraparib, and the xenograft tumor growth was observed. Results MEG3 and GATA6 were upregulated and miR-181-5p was downregulated in PCa patients. Niraparib treatment substantially upregulated MEG3 and GATA6, and downregulated miR-181-5p expression in PCa cells. Niraparib effectively restrained PC3 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. MiR-181-5p targeted to MEG3, and the inhibitory effects of MEG3 overexpression on PC3 cell proliferation and metastasis were abrogated by miR-181-5p overexpression. Moreover, GATA6 was identified as a target of miR-181-5p, and GATA6 silencing abolished the inhibitory effects of miR-181-5p inhibition on PC3 cell proliferation and metastasis. Besides, MEG3 silencing could abrogate niraparib-mediated tumor growth inhibition in mice. Conclusions Niraparib restrains prostate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis and tumor growth in mice by regulating the lncRNA MEG3/miR-181-5p/GATA6 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Huacai Zhao
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Qingchuan Dong
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
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Haghighi R, Castillo-Acobo RY, H Amin A, Ehymayed HM, Alhili F, Mirzaei M, Mohammadzadeh Saliani S, Kheradjoo H. A thorough understanding of the role of lncRNA in prostate cancer pathogenesis; Current knowledge and future research directions. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154666. [PMID: 37487316 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In the entire world, prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common and deadly cancers. Treatment failure is still common among patients, despite PCa diagnosis and treatment improvements. Inadequate early diagnostic markers and the emergence of resistance to conventional therapeutic approaches, particularly androgen-deprivation therapy, are the causes of this. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as an essential group of regulatory molecules, have been reported to be dysregulated through prostate tumorigenesis and hold great promise as diagnostic targets. Besides, lncRNAs regulate the malignant features of PCa cells, such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. These multifunctional RNA molecules interact with other molecular effectors like miRNAs and transcription factors to modulate various signaling pathways, including AR signaling. This study aimed to compile new knowledge regarding the role of lncRNA through prostate tumorigenesis in terms of their effects on the various malignant characteristics of PCa cells; in light of these characteristics and the significant potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for PCa. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Haghighi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran
| | | | - Ali H Amin
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Farah Alhili
- Medical technical college, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq
| | - Mojgan Mirzaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Yang F, Li J, Ge Q, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhou J, Wang H, Du J, Gao S, Liang C, Meng J. Non-coding RNAs: emerging roles in the characterization of immune microenvironment and immunotherapy of prostate cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115669. [PMID: 37364622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common tumor among men. Although the prognosis for early-stage prostate cancer is good, patients with advanced disease often progress to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), which usually leads to death owing to resistance to existing treatments and lack of long-term effective therapy. In recent years, immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has made great progress in the treatment of various solid tumors, including prostate cancer. However, the ICIs have only shown modest outcomes in mCRPC compared with other tumors. Previous studies have suggested that the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of prostate cancer leads to poor anti-tumor immune response and tumor resistance to immunotherapy. It has been reported that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are capable of regulating upstream signaling at the transcriptional level, leading to a "cascade of changes" in downstream molecules. As a result, ncRNAs have been identified as an ideal class of molecules for cancer treatment. The discovery of ncRNAs provides a new perspective on TIME regulation in prostate cancer. ncRNAs have been associated with establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment in prostate cancer through multiple pathways to modulate the immune escape of tumor cells which can promote resistance of prostate cancer to immunotherapy. Targeting these related ncRNAs presents an opportunity to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Qintao Ge
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Center for Cancer Research, Clinical Research/NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juan Du
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shenglin Gao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China; Gonghe County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan 813099, Qinghai, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
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Liu K, Huang T, Zhang H, Deng H, Tang M. Establishment and validation of a redox-related long non-coding RNAs prognostic signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22040. [PMID: 36543836 PMCID: PMC9772388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions occur in living organisms as part of normal cellular metabolism. Here, we established a novel redox-related long non-coding RNAs (rrlncRNAs) signature to predict the prognosis and therapeutic response in Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The expression profile and clinical information were obtained from the TCGA project. In total, 10 differently expressed rrlncRNAs associated with prognosis were identified and involved in a prognostic risk score signature by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalized Cox analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the survival rates predicted by the rrlncRNAs signature over one, two, and three years were found to be 0.651, 0.670, and 0.679. Following the completion of the Kaplan-Meier survival study, we discovered that the lower-risk cohort exhibited a much longer overall survival period in contrast with the higher-risk cohort. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses demonstrated that the risk score independently served as a significant predictive factor. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analyses illustrated that the rrlncRNAs signature was strongly associated with immune-related functions as well as signaling pathways. The tumor-infiltrating immune cells, tumor microenvironment, immune-related functions, HLA gene family expression, immune checkpoint genes expression, and somatic variants differed substantially between the low- and high-risk cohorts. Moreover, patients in low-risk group were predicted to present a favorable immunotherapy responsiveness, while in contrast, the high-risk group patients might have a stronger sensitivity to "docetaxel". According to our findings, the rrlncRNAs signature showed an excellent prognosis predictive value and might indicate therapeutic response to immunotherapy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitai Liu
- grid.507012.10000 0004 1798 304XDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang China
| | - Tianyi Huang
- grid.507012.10000 0004 1798 304XDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang China
| | - Hui Zhang
- grid.507012.10000 0004 1798 304XDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang China
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang China
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Zhou X, Ao X, Jia Z, Li Y, Kuang S, Du C, Zhang J, Wang J, Liu Y. Non-coding RNA in cancer drug resistance: Underlying mechanisms and clinical applications. Front Oncol 2022; 12:951864. [PMID: 36059609 PMCID: PMC9428469 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.951864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant diseases worldwide, posing a serious, long-term threat to patients’ health and life. Systemic chemotherapy remains the first-line therapeutic approach for recurrent or metastatic cancer patients after surgery, with the potential to effectively extend patient survival. However, the development of drug resistance seriously limits the clinical efficiency of chemotherapy and ultimately results in treatment failure and patient death. A large number of studies have shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are widely involved in the regulation of cancer drug resistance. Their dysregulation contributes to the development of cancer drug resistance by modulating the expression of specific target genes involved in cellular apoptosis, autophagy, drug efflux, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Moreover, some ncRNAs also possess great potential as efficient, specific biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets in cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the emerging role and underlying mechanisms of ncRNAs involved in cancer drug resistance and focus on their clinical applications as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. This information will be of great benefit to early diagnosis and prognostic assessments of cancer as well as the development of ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehao Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaojun Jia
- College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Enze Biomass Fine Chemicals, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shouxiang Kuang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengcheng Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Eptaminitaki GC, Stellas D, Bonavida B, Baritaki S. Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) signaling in Cancer Chemoresistance: From Prediction to Druggability. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 65:100866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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