1
|
Baraldi JH, Martyn GV, Shurin GV, Shurin MR. Tumor Innervation: History, Methodologies, and Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081979. [PMID: 35454883 PMCID: PMC9029781 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This comprehensive review of tumor innervation summarizes the literature from the earliest publications on the topic to the most recent. It addresses the positive and negative evidence of tumor innervation and the historical developments in thought and methodology that have led to the consensus that tumors are innervated. The role of the immune response is described, as are some important biochemical and physiological mechanisms relevant to regulation of cancer development. Abstract The role of the nervous system in cancer development and progression has been under experimental and clinical investigation since nineteenth-century observations in solid tumor anatomy and histology. For the first half of the twentieth century, methodological limitations and opaque mechanistic concepts resulted in ambiguous evidence of tumor innervation. Differential spatial distribution of viable or disintegrated nerve tissue colocalized with neoplastic tissue led investigators to conclude that solid tumors either are or are not innervated. Subsequent work in electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, pathway enrichment analysis, neuroimmunology, and neuroimmunooncology have bolstered the conclusion that solid tumors are innervated. Regulatory mechanisms for cancer-related neurogenesis, as well as specific operational definitions of perineural invasion and axonogenesis, have helped to explain the consensus observation of nerves at the periphery of the tumor signifying a functional role of nerves, neurons, neurites, and glia in tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James H. Baraldi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
| | - German V. Martyn
- Biomedical Studies Program, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA;
| | - Galina V. Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Michael R. Shurin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Immunopathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Nervous System Contributes to the Tumorigenesis and Progression of Human Digestive Tract Cancer. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9595704. [PMID: 35295188 PMCID: PMC8920690 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9595704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are one of the highest incidences of morbidity and mortality in humans. Recently, a growing number of researchers have indicated that nerve fibers and nerve signals participate in tumorigenesis. The current overarching view based on the responses to therapy revealed that tumors are partly promoted by the tumor microenvironment (TME), endogenous oncogenic factors, and complex systemic processes. Homeostasis of the neuroendocrine-immune axis (NEI axis) maintains a healthy in vivo environment in humans, and dysfunction of the axis contributes to various cancers, including the digestive tract. Interestingly, nerves might promote tumor development via multiple mechanisms, including perineural invasion (PNI), central level regulation, NEI axis effect, and neurotransmitter induction. This review focuses on the association between digestive tumors and nerve regulation, including PNI, the NEI axis, stress, and neurotransmitters, as well as on the potential clinical application of neurotherapy, aiming to provide a new perspective on the management of digestive cancers.
Collapse
|
3
|
Glac W, Dunacka J, Grembecka B, Świątek G, Majkutewicz I, Wrona D. Prolonged Peripheral Immunosuppressive Responses as Consequences of Random Amphetamine Treatment, Amphetamine Withdrawal and Subsequent Amphetamine Challenges in Rats. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2021; 16:870-887. [PMID: 33586062 PMCID: PMC8714631 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-09988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced immunosuppression may underline increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress observed following chronic psychostimulant treatment. However, the consequences of random amphetamine (AMPH) treatment, withdrawal and AMPH challenge after withdrawal on the peripheral immunity and systemic corticosterone response are unknown. In this study, the total blood and spleen leukocyte, lymphocyte, T, B, NK, TCD4+/TCD8+ cell numbers and ratio, pro-inflammatory interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 (IL-4) production, and plasma corticosterone concentration in Wistar rats were investigated after: chronic, random AMPH/SAL treatment alone (20 injections in 60 days, 1 mg/kg b.w., i.p.), AMPH/SAL withdrawal (for 20 consecutive days after random AMPH/SAL exposure) or AMPH/SAL challenge after withdrawal (single injection after the AMPH/SAL withdrawal phase). The results showed blood and spleen leukopenia, lymphopenia, lower blood production of IFN-ɤ, and increased plasma corticosterone concentration after the AMPH treatment, which were more pronounced in the AMPH after withdrawal group. In contrast, an increased number of blood NK cells and production of IL-4 after chronic, random AMPH treatment alone, were found. Blood AMPH-induced leukopenia and lymphopenia were due to decreased total number of T, B lymphocytes and, at least in part, of granulocytes and monocytes. Moreover, decreases in the number of blood TCD4+ and TCD8+ lymphocytes both in the AMPH chronic alone and withdrawal phases, were found.The major findings of this study are that AMPH treatment after the long-term withdrawal from previous random AMPH exposure, accelerates the drug-induced immunosuppressive and systemic corticosterone responses, suggesting prolonged immunosuppressive effects and an increase in incidence of infectious diseases. Prolonged peripheral immunosuppressive responses as consequences of random amphetamine…The results indicate that the chronic and random AMPH exposure alone and the acute (single injection) challenge of the drug after the withdrawal phase induced long-term immunosuppressive effects, which were similar to those occurring during the stress response, and sensitized the peripheral immunosuppressive and corticosterone responses of the rat to the disinhibitory effects of this stressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Glac
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 59 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Joanna Dunacka
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 59 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Beata Grembecka
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 59 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Świątek
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 59 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Irena Majkutewicz
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 59 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Danuta Wrona
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 59 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhandage AK, Friedrich LM, Kanatani S, Jakobsson-Björkén S, Escrig-Larena JI, Wagner AK, Chambers BJ, Barragan A. GABAergic signaling in human and murine NK cells upon challenge with Toxoplasma gondii. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:617-628. [PMID: 34028876 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hi0720-431r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective cytotoxic and proinflammatory cytokine responses by NK cells impact the outcome of infections by Toxoplasma gondii, a common parasite in humans and other vertebrates. However, T. gondii can also sequester within NK cells and downmodulate their effector functions. Recently, the implication of GABA signaling in infection and inflammation-related responses of mononuclear phagocytes and T cells has become evident. Yet, the role of GABAergic signaling in NK cells has remained unknown. Here, we report that human and murine NK cells synthesize and secrete GABA in response to infection challenge. Parasitized NK cells secreted GABA, whereas activation stimuli, such as IL-12/IL-18 or parasite lysates, failed to induce GABA secretion. GABA secretion by NK cells was associated to a transcriptional up-regulation of GABA synthesis enzymes (glutamate decarboxylases [GAD65/67]) and was abrogated by GAD inhibition. Further, NK cells expressed GABA-A receptor subunits and GABA signaling regulators, with transcriptional modulations taking place upon challenge with T. gondii. Exogenous GABA and GABA-containing supernatants from parasitized dendritic cells (DCs) impacted NK cell function by reducing the degranulation and cytotoxicity of NK cells. Conversely, GABA-containing supernatants from NK cells enhanced the migratory responses of parasitized DCs. This enhanced DC migration was abolished by GABA-A receptor antagonism or GAD inhibition and was reconstituted by exogenous GABA. Jointly, the data show that NK cells are GABAergic cells and that GABA hampers NK cell cytotoxicity in vitro. We hypothesize that GABA secreted by parasitized immune cells modulates the immune responses to T. gondii infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amol K Bhandage
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura M Friedrich
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sachie Kanatani
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Jakobsson-Björkén
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - J Ignacio Escrig-Larena
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Arnika K Wagner
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedict J Chambers
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang Y, Li H, Gan Y, Tu H. Shedding Light on the Role of Neurotransmitters in the Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:688953. [PMID: 34395421 PMCID: PMC8363299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.688953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of less than 8%. The fate of PC is determined not only by the malignant behavior of the cancer cells, but also by the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of various cellular (cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and neurons) and non-cellular (cytokines, neurotransmitters, and extracellular matrix) components. The pancreatic TME has the unique characteristic of exhibiting increased neural density and altered microenvironmental concentration of neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters, produced by both neuron and non-neuronal cells, can directly regulate the biological behavior of PC cells via binding to their corresponding receptors on tumor cells and activating the intracellular downstream signals. On the other hand, the neurotransmitters can also communicate with other cellular components such as the immune cells in the TME to promote cancer growth. In this review, we will summarize the pleiotropic effects of neurotransmitters on the initiation and progression of PC, and particularly discuss the emerging mechanisms of how neurotransmitters influence the innate and adaptive immune responses in the TME in an autocrine or paracrine manner. A better understanding of the interplay between neurotransmitters and the immune cells in the TME might facilitate the development of new effective therapies for PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
GABAergic signaling by cells of the immune system: more the rule than the exception. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5667-5679. [PMID: 34152447 PMCID: PMC8316187 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is best known as an essential neurotransmitter in the evolved central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates. However, GABA antedates the development of the CNS as a bioactive molecule in metabolism and stress-coupled responses of prokaryotes, invertebrates and plants. Here, we focus on the emerging findings of GABA signaling in the mammalian immune system. Recent reports show that mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes, for instance dendritic cells, microglia, T cells and NK cells, express a GABAergic signaling machinery. Mounting evidence shows that GABA receptor signaling impacts central immune functions, such as cell migration, cytokine secretion, immune cell activation and cytotoxic responses. Furthermore, the GABAergic signaling machinery of leukocytes is implicated in responses to microbial infection and is co-opted by protozoan parasites for colonization of the host. Peripheral GABA signaling is also implicated in inflammatory conditions and diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer cell metastasis. Adding to its role in neurotransmission, growing evidence shows that the non-proteinogenic amino acid GABA acts as an intercellular signaling molecule in the immune system and, as an interspecies signaling molecule in host–microbe interactions. Altogether, the data raise the assumption of conserved GABA signaling in a broad range of mammalian cells and diversification of function in the immune system.
Collapse
|
7
|
Joiner JB, Pylayeva-Gupta Y, Dayton PA. Focused Ultrasound for Immunomodulation of the Tumor Microenvironment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 205:2327-2341. [PMID: 33077668 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) has recently emerged as a modulator of the tumor microenvironment, paving the way for FUS to become a safe yet formidable cancer treatment option. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the role of FUS in facilitating immune responses and overcoming drug delivery barriers. However, with the wide variety of FUS parameters used in diverse tumor types, it is challenging to pinpoint FUS specifications that may elicit the desired antitumor response. To clarify FUS bioeffects, we summarize four mechanisms of action, including thermal ablation, hyperthermia/thermal stress, mechanical perturbation, and histotripsy, each inducing unique vascular and immunological effects. Notable tumor responses to FUS include enhanced vascular permeability, increased T cell infiltration, and tumor growth suppression. In this review, we have categorized and reviewed recent methods of using therapeutic ultrasound to elicit an antitumor immune response with examples that reveal specific solutions and challenges in this new research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Joiner
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and
| | - Paul A Dayton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhong J, Shan W, Zuo Z. Norepinephrine inhibits migration and invasion of human glioblastoma cell cultures possibly via MMP-11 inhibition. Brain Res 2021; 1756:147280. [PMID: 33515535 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing evidence has shown that the stress hormones affect tumor progression. Patients with surgery to remove tumor often have increased norepinephrine during the perioperative period. However, the effect of norepinephrine on the progression of glioblastoma has not yet studied. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the effects of norepinephrine on the migration and invasion of the human glioblastoma U87 and U251 cell lines and the mechanism for the effects. METHODS The U87 and U251 cells were treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 or 50 μM norepinephrine. A scratch wound healing assay and a transwell invasion assay were used to investigate cell migration and invasion, respectively. The Human Tumor Metastasis RT2 Profiler PCR Array was used to detect the expression of 84 genes known to be involved in metastasis. RESULTS Following norepinephrine treatment, the ability of the U87 and U251 cells to migrate and invade was significantly decreased. Human Tumor Metastasis RT2 Profiler PCR Array assay showed that matrix metallopeptidase-11 (MMP-11) was decreased following norepinephrine treatment. The β-adrenergic receptor blocker (AR) propranolol blunted the suppressive effect of norepinephrine on the migration and invasion of U251 cells but did not have such an effect on the invasion of U87 cells. MMP-11 silencing inhibited the migration and invasion of U87 and U251 cells. The Cancer Genome Atlas data showed that patients with higher expression of MMP-11 in the glioblastoma tissues had poorer prognosis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that norepinephrine inhibits the migration and invasion of human glioblastoma cells. This effect may be mediated by the decrease of MMP-11. β-AR may be a regulatory factor for this effect in U251 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiran Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neurokinin receptors and their implications in various autoimmune diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:66-78. [PMID: 35492389 PMCID: PMC9040085 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurokinin receptors belong to the GPCRs family and are ubiquitously expressed throughout the nervous and immune systems. Neurokinin receptors in coordination with neurokinins playing an important role in many physiological processes, including smooth muscle contraction, secretion, proliferation, and nociception. They also contribute to various disease conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and cancer. Neurokinin receptors antagonist are potent and highly selective and showing success in treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In this review, discuss the various neurokinin receptor expression on immune cells and their importance in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and their therapeutic importance. The Neurokinin receptor is an important regulatory mechanism to control the neuronal and immune systems. Various neurokinin receptors (NK1R, NK2R, and NK3R) are expressed in neurons and cells of the immune system. Substance P (SP) controls the differentiation and function of immune cells. SP-NK1R receptor signaling shows substantial cross-talk between neuronal and immune systems in inflammation and autoimmunity.
Collapse
|
10
|
Herman Mahečić D, Cigrovski Berković M, Zjačić-Rotkvić V, Čačev T, Kapitanović S, Ulamec M. Inflammation-related cytokines and their roles in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020; 20:445-450. [PMID: 32156252 PMCID: PMC7664780 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory counterworks are important at different stages of tumor development, particularly during invasion and metastasis. Immune cells and their signal molecules can influence all stages of tumor progression, as well as therapeutic intervention. Proinflammatory cytokines are known triggers of growth in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs). In this study, we explored the immunohistochemical expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-2, and IL-6 in tissues from 43 GEP-NEN patients with tumors of gastric, duodenal, ileal, appendiceal, and colonic origin. The immunohistochemical expression of TNF-α was increased in tumor groups with high proliferation rates (Ki-67; p = 0.034), as well as in those with higher tumor grades (p = 0.05). Moreover, the immunohistochemical expression of TNF-α positively correlated with death outcomes (p = 0.016). Expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-2 displayed similar immunohistochemical expression patterns regardless of Ki-67, although the expression between the ILs differed. Most GEP-NENs had high levels of IL-6 and lower levels of IL-1β and IL-2. Although further comprehensive studies are required for a complete understanding of activated mechanisms in proinflammatory protumoral microenvironment of GEP-NENs, TNF-α is a potential marker in the prognosis of those tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davorka Herman Mahečić
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Centre Sestre milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Cigrovski Berković
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Centre Sestre milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanja Zjačić-Rotkvić
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Centre Sestre milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Čačev
- Department of Molecular Medicine Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Kapitanović
- Department of Molecular Medicine Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Department of Pathology and Cytology Ljudevit Jurak, University Hospital Centre Sestre milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia; Pathology Department, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bähr I, Spielmann J, Quandt D, Kielstein H. Obesity-Associated Alterations of Natural Killer Cells and Immunosurveillance of Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:245. [PMID: 32231659 PMCID: PMC7082404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by a systemic chronic low-grade inflammation as well as dysfunctions of several innate and adaptive immune cells. Recent findings emphasize an impaired functionality and phenotype of natural killer (NK) cells under obese conditions. This review provides a detailed overview on research related to overweight and obesity with a particular focus on NK cells. We discuss obesity-associated alterations in subsets, distribution, phenotype, cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, and signaling cascades of NK cells investigated in vitro as well as in animal and human studies. In addition, we provide recent insights into the effects of physical activity and obesity-associated nutritional factors as well as the reduction of body weight and fat mass on NK cell functions of obese individuals. Finally, we highlight the impact of impaired NK cell physiology on obesity-associated diseases, focusing on the elevated susceptibility for viral infections and increased risk for cancer development and impaired treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Bähr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Spielmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dagmar Quandt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khorasani S, Boroumand N, Lavi Arab F, Hashemy SI. The immunomodulatory effects of tachykinins and their receptors. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3031-3041. [PMID: 32115751 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tachykinins (TKs) are a family of neuropeptides mainly expressed by neuronal and non-neuronal cell types, especially immune cells. Expression of TKs receptors on immune cell surfaces, their involvement in immune-related disorders, and therefore, understanding their immunomodulatory roles have become of particular interest to researchers. In fact, the precise understanding of TKs intervention in the immune system would help to design novel therapeutic approaches for patients suffering from immune disorders. The present review summarizes studies on TKs function as modulators of the immune system by reviewing their roles in generation, activation, development, and migration of immune cells. Also, it discusses TKs involvement in three main cellular mechanisms including inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Khorasani
- Ferdows Paramedical School, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nadia Boroumand
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Lavi Arab
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang SH, Hu LP, Wang X, Li J, Zhang ZG. Neurotransmitters: emerging targets in cancer. Oncogene 2019; 39:503-515. [PMID: 31527667 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are conventionally viewed as nerve-secreted substances that mediate the stimulatory or inhibitory neuronal functions through binding to their respective receptors. In the past decades, many novel discoveries come to light elucidating the regulatory roles of neurotransmitters in the physiological and pathological functions of tissues and organs. Notably, emerging data suggest that cancer cells take advantage of the neurotransmitters-initiated signaling pathway to activate uncontrolled proliferation and dissemination. In addition, neurotransmitters can affect immune cells and endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment to promote tumor progression. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying neurotransmitter function in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation is expected to enable the development of the next generation of antitumor therapies. Here, we summarize the recent important studies on the different neurotransmitters, their respective receptors, target cells, as well as pro/antitumor activity of specific neurotransmitter/receptor axis in cancers and provide perspectives and insights regarding the rationales and strategies of targeting neurotransmitter system to cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Heng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sensing of physiological regulators by innate lymphoid cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:442-451. [PMID: 30842626 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of homeostasis and immune protection rely on the coordinated action of different physiological systems. Bidirectional communication between the immune system and physiological systems is required to sense and restore any disruption of equilibrium. Recent transcriptomic analyses of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) from different tissues have revealed that ILCs express a large array of receptors involved in the recognition of neuropeptides, hormones and metabolic signals. ILCs rapidly secrete effector cytokines that are central in the development and activation of early immune responses, but they also constitutively secrete mediators that are important for tissue homeostasis. To achieve these functions effectively, ILCs integrate intrinsic and extrinsic signals that modulate their constitutive and induced activity. Disruption of the regulation of ILCs by physiological regulators leads to altered immune responses with harmful consequences for the organism. An understanding of these complex interactions between the immune system and physiological mediators is crucial to decipher the events leading to the protective versus pathological effects of these cells.
Collapse
|
15
|
Roggero E, Del Rey A, Wildmann J, Besedovsky H. Glucocorticoids and sympathetic neurotransmitters modulate the acute immune response to Trypanosoma cruzi. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1437:83-93. [PMID: 30088661 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that natural and adaptive immune responses can trigger neuroendocrine responses. Here, we discuss changes in the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and in autonomic nerves, predominantly of the sympathetic nervous system, in a mouse model of acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. The endocrine response includes a marked increased release of glucocorticoid and a decrease of immune-stimulatory hormones, such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, prolactin, and growth hormone during infection. These endocrine changes result in reduced proinflammatory cytokine production, increased regulatory/effector T cell ratio, and thymus atrophy. The sympathetic activity in the spleen of infected mice is also markedly reduced. However, the residual sympathetic activity can modulate the immune response to the parasite, as shown by increased mortality and production of proinflammatory cytokines in sympathetically denervated, infected mice. The outcome of the neuroendocrine response is the moderation of the intensity of the immune response to the parasite, an effect that results in delayed mortality in susceptible mice, and favors the course toward chronicity in more resistant animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Roggero
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Immunology of Rosario, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Adriana Del Rey
- Research Group Immunophysiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Wildmann
- Research Group Immunophysiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hugo Besedovsky
- Research Group Immunophysiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Premature aging in behavior and immune functions in tyrosine hydroxylase haploinsufficient female mice. A longitudinal study. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:440-455. [PMID: 29341892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by impairment in the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems as well as in neuroimmunoendocrine communication. In this context, there is an age-related alteration of the physiological response to acute stress, which is modulated by catecholamine (CA), final products of the sympathetic-adreno-medullary axis. The involvement of CA in essential functions of the nervous system is consistent with the neuropsychological deficits found in mice with haploinsufficiency (hemizygous; HZ) of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzyme (TH-HZ). However, other possible alterations in regulatory systems have not been studied in these animals. The aim of the present work was to analyze whether adult TH-HZ female mice presented the impairment of behavioral traits and immunological responses that occurs with aging and whether they had affected their mean lifespan. ICR-CD1 female TH-HZ and wild type (WT) mice were used in a longitudinal study. Behavioral tests were performed on adult and old mice in order to evaluate their sensorimotor abilities and exploratory capacity, as well as anxiety-like behaviors. At the ages of 2 ± 1, 4 ± 1, 9 ± 1, 13 ± 1 and 20 ± 1 months, peritoneal leukocytes were extracted and several immune functions were assessed (phagocytic capacity, Natural Killer (NK) cytotoxicity, and lymphoproliferative response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (ConA)). In addition, several oxidative stress parameters (catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations as antioxidant compounds as well as xanthine oxidase activity, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations, and GSSG/GSH ratio as oxidants) were analyzed. As inflammatory stress parameters TNF-alpha and IL-10 concentrations, and TNF-alpha/IL-10 ratios as inflammatory/anti-inflammatory markers, were measured. Animals were maintained in standard conditions until their natural death. The results indicate that adult TH-HZ mice presented worse sensorimotor abilities and exploratory capacity than their WT littermates as well as greater anxiety-like behaviors. With regards to the immune system, adult TH-HZ animals exhibited lower values of phagocytic capacity, NK cytotoxicity, and lymphoproliferative response to LPS and ConA than WT mice. Moreover, immune cells of TH-HZ mice showed higher oxidative and inflammatory stress than those of WT animals. Although these differences between TH-HZ and WT, in general, decreased with aging, this premature immunosenescence and impairment of behavior of TH-HZ mice was accompanied by a shorter mean lifespan in comparison to WT counterparts. In conclusion, haploinsufficiency of th gene in female mice appears to provoke premature aging of the regulatory systems affecting mean lifespan.
Collapse
|
17
|
Oswald J, Büttner M, Jasinski-Bergner S, Jacobs R, Rosenstock P, Kielstein H. Leptin affects filopodia and cofilin in NK-92 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62:2848. [PMID: 29569869 PMCID: PMC5806502 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperleptinemia, associated with obesity, is related with immune dysfunction and carcinogenesis. Natural Killer (NK) cells, a major component of the innate immune system are mediators of anti-tumor immunity and the most actively migrating cells among leukocytes. Actin rearrangement, promoted by cofilin plays a central role in cellular migration. Leptin affects the phosphorylation-dependent activity of cofilin and thus actin remodeling. We used human NK-92 cells to explore the in vitro effects of leptin on co-localization of cofilin and F-actin and on morphological changes in NK cells. NK-92 cells were incubated with different leptin concentrations (10 and 100 ng/mL) for 30 min and 24 h and immunocytochemically stained. Results demonstrate a dose- and time-dependent influence of leptin on cellular morphology. Utilizing confocal microscopy, we observed that the co-localization of cofilin-1 and F-actin was slightly influenced by leptin. In summary, the present study demonstrates an impact of a physiological leptin stimulation on the filopodia length, and a time-dependent effect on the co-localization of cofilin and F-actin in NK-92 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Oswald
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Suvas S. Role of Substance P Neuropeptide in Inflammation, Wound Healing, and Tissue Homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1543-1552. [PMID: 28827386 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide present in the CNS and the peripheral nervous system. SP released from the peripheral nerves exerts its biological and immunological activity via high-affinity neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R). SP is also produced by immune cells and acts as an autocrine or paracrine fashion to regulate the function of immune cells. In addition to its proinflammatory role, SP and its metabolites in combination with insulin-like growth factor-1 are shown to promote the corneal epithelial wound healing. Recently, we showed an altered ocular surface homeostasis in unmanipulated NK1R-/- mice, suggesting the role of SP-NK1R signaling in ocular surface homeostasis under steady-state. This review summarizes the immunobiology of SP and its effect on immune cells and immunity to microbial infection. In addition, the effect of SP in inflammation, wound healing, and corneal epithelial homeostasis in the eye is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susmit Suvas
- Department of Ophthalmology/Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201; .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201; and .,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Koller A, Bianchini R, Schlager S, Münz C, Kofler B, Wiesmayr S. The neuropeptide galanin modulates natural killer cell function. Neuropeptides 2017; 64:109-115. [PMID: 27837916 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system and combat pathogens and tumors by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and by their cytotoxic action. Galanin is a neuropeptide also expressed in peripheral tissue where it impacts several physiological functions, including inflammation. The effects of galanin are mediated via three receptors, GAL1-3. Since other neuropeptides have been shown to regulate NK cell activity, we investigated the potential of galanin to modulate human NK cell function. NK cells were isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. mRNA expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The dynamic mass redistribution of NK cells upon regulatory peptide stimulation was determined by label-free biochip technology. IFN-γ producing NK cells were identified by flow cytometry analysis and IFN-γ secretion was measured by ELISA. NK cell cytotoxicity was analyzed by flow cytometry via CD107a mobilization. NK cells were found to express the receptor GAL2 but not GAL1, GAL3 or galanin. Galanin per se did not affect the dynamic mass redistribution of NK cells, but significantly enhanced the response of NK cells to IL-18. Galanin significantly modulated the IFN-γ production of the CD56bright NK cell population upon IL-12 and IL-18 stimulation. Furthermore, galanin significantly modulated the IL-12 and IL-18 stimulated IFN-γ secretion. NK cell cytotoxicity was not modulated by galanin treatment. Galanin can be classified as an immunomodulatory peptide as it is able to sensitize NK cells toward specific cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koller
- Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise THERAPEP, Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise THERAPEP, Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sandra Schlager
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Rämistraße 71, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise THERAPEP, Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Silke Wiesmayr
- Department of Neonatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang M, Zhao J, Zhang L, Wei F, Lian Y, Wu Y, Gong Z, Zhang S, Zhou J, Cao K, Li X, Xiong W, Li G, Zeng Z, Guo C. Role of tumor microenvironment in tumorigenesis. J Cancer 2017; 8:761-773. [PMID: 28382138 PMCID: PMC5381164 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 870] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process, consisting of three stages: initiation, progression, and metastasis. Tumors are encircled by extracellular matrix (ECM) and stromal cells, and the physiological state of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely connected to every step of tumorigenesis. Evidence suggests that the vital components of the TME are fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, neuroendocrine cells, adipose cells, immune and inflammatory cells, the blood and lymphatic vascular networks, and ECM. This manuscript, based on the current studies of the TME, offers a more comprehensive overview of the primary functions of each component of the TME in cancer initiation, progression, and invasion. The manuscript also includes primary therapeutic targeting markers for each player, which may be helpful in treating tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maonan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Lishen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yingfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Roggero E, Pérez AR, Pollachini N, Villar SR, Wildmann J, Besedovsky H, Del Rey A. The sympathetic nervous system affects the susceptibility and course of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 58:228-236. [PMID: 27485039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.07.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is an intracellular parasite that causes Chagas' disease, a major health problem in Latin America. Using a murine model of infection with this parasite, we have previously shown that corticosterone blood levels are markedly elevated during the course of the disease in C57Bl/6 male mice and that this increase is protective for the host by restricting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Since the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis usually operates in a concerted way with the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), we have now studied whether noradrenergic nerves can affect the course of T. cruzi infection and the sexual dimorphism observed in the disease. We found a decreased splenic noradrenaline concentration and content, paralleled by a reduction in noradrenergic nerve fibers in the spleen of infected mice, and increased HPA axis activity. These alterations were more marked in males than in females. When the spontaneous loss of noradrenergic nerve fibers was advanced by chemical sympathectomy prior to infection, males died earlier and mortality significantly increased in females. Chemical denervation did not significantly affect the concentration of specific IgM and IgG2a antibodies to T. cruzi, and did not worsen myocarditis, but resulted in increased parasitemia and IL-6 and IFN-γ blood levels. The results obtained in this model of parasitic disease provide further indications of the relevance of interactions between the immune system and the SNS for host defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Roggero
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Immunology of Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina; CAECIHS, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ana Rosa Pérez
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Immunology of Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Natalia Pollachini
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Immunology of Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Silvina Raquel Villar
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Immunology of Rosario (IDICER CONICET-UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Johannes Wildmann
- Research Group Immunophysiology, Department Neurophysiology, Inst. of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Deutschhausstrasse 2, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hugo Besedovsky
- Research Group Immunophysiology, Department Neurophysiology, Inst. of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Deutschhausstrasse 2, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Adriana Del Rey
- Research Group Immunophysiology, Department Neurophysiology, Inst. of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Deutschhausstrasse 2, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tumour-induced neoneurogenesis and perineural tumour growth: a mathematical approach. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20684. [PMID: 26861829 PMCID: PMC4748234 DOI: 10.1038/srep20684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that tumours induce the formation of a lymphatic and a blood vasculature around themselves. A similar but far less studied process occurs in relation to the nervous system and is referred to as neoneurogenesis. The relationship between tumour progression and the nervous system is still poorly understood and is likely to involve a multitude of factors. It is therefore relevant to study tumour-nerve interactions through mathematical modelling: this may reveal the most significant factors of the plethora of interacting elements regulating neoneurogenesis. The present work is a first attempt to model the neurobiological aspect of cancer development through a system of differential equations. The model confirms the experimental observations that a tumour is able to promote nerve formation/elongation around itself, and that high levels of nerve growth factor and axon guidance molecules are recorded in the presence of a tumour. Our results also reflect the observation that high stress levels (represented by higher norepinephrine release by sympathetic nerves) contribute to tumour development and spread, indicating a mutually beneficial relationship between tumour cells and neurons. The model predictions suggest novel therapeutic strategies, aimed at blocking the stress effects on tumour growth and dissemination.
Collapse
|
23
|
BARBIERI ANTONIO, BIMONTE SABRINA, PALMA GIUSEPPE, LUCIANO ANTONIO, REA DOMENICA, GIUDICE ALDO, SCOGNAMIGLIO GIOSUÈ, LA MANTIA ELVIRA, FRANCO RENATO, PERDONÀ SISTO, DE COBELLI OTTAVIO, FERRO MATTEO, ZAPPAVIGNA SILVIA, STIUSO PAOLA, CARAGLIA MICHELE, ARRA CLAUDIO. The stress hormone norepinephrine increases migration of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:527-34. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
24
|
Slota C, Shi A, Chen G, Bevans M, Weng NP. Norepinephrine preferentially modulates memory CD8 T cell function inducing inflammatory cytokine production and reducing proliferation in response to activation. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:168-79. [PMID: 25653192 PMCID: PMC4414741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norepinephrine (NE) is one of the primary catecholamines of the sympathetic nervous system released during a stress response and plays an important role in modulating immune function. NE binds to the adrenergic receptors on immune cells, including T cells, resulting in either suppressed or enhanced function depending on the type of cell, activation status of the cell, duration of NE exposure and concentration of NE. Here, we aim to analyze the effects of NE on the functionality of naïve (Tn), central memory (Tcm) and effector memory (Tem) CD8 T cells. METHODS We isolated CD8 T cell subsets from healthy human adults and treated cells in vitro with NE (1×10(-6)M) for 16h; we then stimulated NE treated and untreated CD8 T cell subsets with antibodies for CD3 and CD28 for 24 and 72h. We assessed the level of beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) expression in these cells as well as global gene expression changes in NE treated Tcm cells by microarray analysis. Altered expressed genes after NE treatment were identified and further confirmed by RT-qPCR, and by ELISA for protein changes. We further determined whether the observed NE effects on memory CD8 T cells are mediated by ADRB2 using specific adrenergic receptor agonist and antagonists. Finally, we examined the levels of mRNA and protein of the NE-induced genes in healthy adults with high serum levels of NE (>150pg/mL) compared to low levels (<150pg/mL). RESULTS We found that memory (Tcm and Tem) CD8 T cells expressed a significantly higher level of ADRB2 compared to naïve cells. Consequently, memory CD8 T cells were significantly more sensitive than naïve cells to NE induced changes in gene expressions in vitro. Global gene expression analysis revealed that NE induced an elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in resting and activated memory CD8 T cells in addition to a reduced expression of growth-related cytokines. The effects of NE on memory CD8 T cells were primarily mediated by ADRB2 as confirmed by the adrenergic receptor agonist and antagonist assays. Finally, individuals with high serum levels of NE had similar elevated gene expressions observed in vitro compared to the low NE group. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that NE preferentially modulates the functions of memory CD8 T cells by inducing inflammatory cytokine production and reducing activation-induced memory CD8 T cell expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Slota
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania,Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health
| | - Alvin Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health
| | - Guobing Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health
| | - Margaret Bevans
- Nursing Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
| | - Nan-ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Steinhoff MS, von Mentzer B, Geppetti P, Pothoulakis C, Bunnett NW. Tachykinins and their receptors: contributions to physiological control and the mechanisms of disease. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:265-301. [PMID: 24382888 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00031.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tachykinins, exemplified by substance P, are one of the most intensively studied neuropeptide families. They comprise a series of structurally related peptides that derive from alternate processing of three Tac genes and are expressed throughout the nervous and immune systems. Tachykinins interact with three neurokinin G protein-coupled receptors. The signaling, trafficking, and regulation of neurokinin receptors have also been topics of intense study. Tachykinins participate in important physiological processes in the nervous, immune, gastrointestinal, respiratory, urogenital, and dermal systems, including inflammation, nociception, smooth muscle contractility, epithelial secretion, and proliferation. They contribute to multiple diseases processes, including acute and chronic inflammation and pain, fibrosis, affective and addictive disorders, functional disorders of the intestine and urinary bladder, infection, and cancer. Neurokinin receptor antagonists are selective, potent, and show efficacy in models of disease. In clinical trials there is a singular success: neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists to treat nausea and vomiting. New information about the involvement of tachykinins in infection, fibrosis, and pruritus justifies further trials. A deeper understanding of disease mechanisms is required for the development of more predictive experimental models, and for the design and interpretation of clinical trials. Knowledge of neurokinin receptor structure, and the development of targeting strategies to disrupt disease-relevant subcellular signaling of neurokinin receptors, may refine the next generation of neurokinin receptor antagonists.
Collapse
|
26
|
Diandong H, Kefeng S, Weixin F, Moran W, Jiahui W, Zaifu L. The role of Gαs in activation of NK92-MI cells by neuropeptide substance P. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:1-5. [PMID: 24411772 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is well known for its immunoregulatory influence on NK cells. The biological actions of SP are mediated primarily through the high-affinity neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Receptor binding triggers a cAMP signaling pathway and intracellular levels of cAMP are regulated via Gαs and Gαi. In this study NF449, a Gαs-selective G protein antagonist, was used to study the role of Gαs in the activation of NK92-MI cells by SP. Results show that 10(-12)M SP enhances the expression of Gαs and Gαi3 in NK92-MI cells promoting a cytotoxic phenotype characterized by expression of perforin and granzyme B. Development of a cytotoxic phenotype in NK92-MI cells stimulated with SP is blunted by inhibition of Gαs by NF449. In summary, SP signaling through NK-1R promotes a cytotoxic phenotype in NK92-MI cells characterized by upregulation of both Gαs and Gαi3. NF449 inhibits Gαs, blunts SP-induced expression of perforin and granzyme B, and represents a potential therapeutic avenue for reducing NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hou Diandong
- Center of Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Sun Kefeng
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Fu Weixin
- Center of Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wang Moran
- Center of Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wang Jiahui
- Center of Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Zaifu
- Center of Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ciepielewski ZM, Stojek W, Borman A, Myślińska D, Glac W, Kamyczek M. Natural killer cell cytotoxicity, cytokine and neuroendocrine responses to opioid receptor blockade during prolonged restraint in pigs. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:975-85. [PMID: 24148869 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated porcine natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCC), plasma cytokines including interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α and plasma stress-related hormones including prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), β-endorphin (BEND), ACTH and cortisol (COR) during a 4h restraint and recovery phase after saline or naloxone (1mg/kg BW) administration. The restraint preceded with saline altered NKCC and IL-12 concentration (an early from 15 to 60 min increase followed by a decrease) and increased other measured cytokines and hormones concentrations. Naloxone pretreatment blocked the suppressive effects of the restraint on NKCC and IL-12 and altered IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, PRL and ACTH concentrations. Furthermore, in naloxone-injected pigs, a positive correlation was found between NKCC and all measured cytokines (with the exception of IL-6) and BEND, ACTH and COR. Results suggest that naloxone-sensitive opioid pathways could influence the mechanisms underlying the immune system (including NKCC) response during stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z M Ciepielewski
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Diandong H, Kefeng S, Weixin F, Zaifu L. Proteomic analysis of NK92-MI cells activated by neuropeptide substance P. Neuropeptides 2013; 47:157-62. [PMID: 23428145 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) has been well known by its immunoregulatory properties on the functions of NK cells. However, the changes of molecules involved in the signaling pathways and effects of these molecules of NK92-MI cells activated by SP remain unclear. In this study, we explored the global changes in cellular protein expression of NK92-MI cells activated by SP by 2D-PAGE analysis. Subsequently, we demonstrated that 40 protein spots showed more than 2-fold changes, which displayed marked alterations with statistic significance (p<0.05) between the testing group and control group. Compared with the control we also found that 16 proteins were up-regulated and 24 proteins were down-regulated among the 40 differentially expressed protein spots in the NK92-MI cells activated by SP. In addition 21 differentially expressed proteins were identified by MS/MS, suggesting that those proteins may play important roles in the process of activation of NK92-MI cells by SP. Moreover, the protein Rho GDI-2, Protein DJ-1 and alpha-enolase were reconfirmed by western blotting. Taken together, these findings may provide a new insight into better understanding at the molecular mechanisms of activation of NK92-MI cells by SP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hou Diandong
- Center of Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang J, Wu SF, Li XH, Adamo SA, Ye GY. The characterization of a concentration-sensitive α-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor found on insect immune cells and its possible role in mediating stress hormone effects on immune function. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:942-50. [PMID: 22561607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Octopamine (OA), the insect equivalent of norepinephrine, links the nervous system and immune system in insects. This study examines the underlying molecular mechanisms (i.e. second messenger systems) mediating OA effects on insect immune cells. At low concentrations (<1μM), OA stimulatedhemocyte spreading and phagocytosis in the larval Lepidopteran (caterpillar) Chilo suppressalis, whereas at high concentrations (>10 μM), OA inhibited hemocyte spreading and phagocytosis. Similarly, OA concentration had differential effects on two intracellular signaling pathways, Ca(2+) and cAMP. Low concentrations of OA increased intracellular Ca(2+), but only high concentrations of OA (>1 μM) led to an increase in both Ca(2+) and cAMP. We identified an α-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor in this species (CsOA1) and confirmed that it is expressed in hemocytes. After heterologous expression in HEK-293 cells, the CsOA1 receptor produced the same OA concentration-dependent responses on intracellular Ca(2+) and cAMP as had been observed in hemocytes. These findings support earlier work showing that OA has both stimulatory and suppressive effects on immune responses, depending on the OA concentration. Our evidence suggests that these biphasic effects are mediated by an octopamine receptor signaling through intracellular Ca(2+) and cAMP second messenger pathways. Stress hormones/neuromodulators have complex effects on immune function in animals across phyla. This complexity may be mediated, in part, by conserved connections between adrenergic-like G-coupled protein receptors and second messenger systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Peters EM, Liezmann C, Klapp BF, Kruse J. The neuroimmune connection interferes with tissue regeneration and chronic inflammatory disease in the skin. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1262:118-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
31
|
Fu WX, Qin B, Zhou AP, Yu QY, Huang QJ, Liang ZF. Regulation of NK92-MI cell cytotoxicity by substance P. Scand J Immunol 2011; 74:107-13. [PMID: 21375557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide substance P (SP) can regulate a number of immunological functions in vitro and in vivo and may regulate natural killer (NK) cell activity. Here, we investigated whether SP has a role in regulating NK92-MI cell function in vitro, and how it influences NK cell activity. We found that SP dose dependently increased the cytotoxicity of NK92-MI cells and had a maximal effect at a concentration of 10(-12) and 10(-10) m. Furthermore, the expression of cytotoxic-associated molecules (perforin, granzyme) and activating receptor NKp46 [a member of natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs)] was observed to be upregulated by SP at optimal concentration, at which SP enhanced the cytotoxicity of NK92-MI cells. Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R), a functional receptor of SP, was found on NK92-MI cells, and the observed effects of SP on NK92-MI cells could be more partially blocked by an NK-1R antagonist. Our data suggest that SP induces NK92-MI cell cytotoxicity by directly increasing the expression of cytotoxic granules and upregulates NK92-MI cell receptor-mediated functions indirectly. Thus, SP may regulate NK cell function mainly through NK-1R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W X Fu
- Center of Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cunin P, Caillon A, Corvaisier M, Garo E, Scotet M, Blanchard S, Delneste Y, Jeannin P. The Tachykinins Substance P and Hemokinin-1 Favor the Generation of Human Memory Th17 Cells by Inducing IL-1β, IL-23, and TNF-Like 1A Expression by Monocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:4175-82. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
33
|
Monaco-Shawver L, Schwartz L, Tuluc F, Guo CJ, Lai JP, Gunnam SM, Kilpatrick LE, Banerjee PP, Douglas SD, Orange JS. Substance P inhibits natural killer cell cytotoxicity through the neurokinin-1 receptor. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 89:113-25. [PMID: 20940324 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0410200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SP is a potent neuroimmunomodulator that functions through ligating members of the neurokinin receptor family, one of which, NK1R, is widely expressed in immune cells. As in humans, circulating SP levels are increased in pathologic states associated with impairment of NK cell functions, such as depression and HIV infection, we hypothesized that SP has a direct, inhibitory effect upon NK cells. We have studied a clonal human NK cell line (YTS) as well as ex vivo human NK cells and have determined that truncated and full-length NK1R isoforms are expressed in and SP bound by ex vivo NK cells and the YTS NK cell line. Incubation of YTS cells with 10⁻⁶ M SP and ex vivo NK cells with 10⁻⁵ M SP inhibited cytotoxic ability by ∼20% and reduced degranulation. This inhibitory effect upon cytotoxicity was partially prevented by the NK1R antagonist CP96,345. The treatment of YTS or ex vivo NK cells with SP neither down-modulated NCR expression nor affected triggering receptor-induced NF-κB activation. Preincubation of YTS cells with SP, however, did abbreviate the typically prolonged intracellular calcium increase induced by target cell engagement and reduced triggering receptor-induced pERK. Thus, SP has the potential to regulate NK cell functions and acts downstream from neurokinin receptors to modulate NK cell activation signaling. This mechanism may contribute to impairment of NK cell function in certain disease states associated with increased circulating SP. Antagonism of this system may present an opportunity to augment NK cell function therapeutically in selected human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Monaco-Shawver
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Pediatrics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Barros PO, Ferreira TB, Vieira MMM, Almeida CRM, Araújo-Lima CF, Silva-Filho RG, Hygino J, Andrade RM, Andrade AF, Bento CA. Substance P enhances Th17 phenotype in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder: an event resistant to glucocorticoid inhibition. J Clin Immunol 2010; 31:51-9. [PMID: 20865305 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-010-9466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effect of stress-related dose of substance P (SP) on the in vitro proliferation and cytokine production in polyclonally activated T cells from healthy individuals or individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Our results demonstrated that cell cultures from GAD group proliferated less following T cell activation, as compared with control group. The addition of SP enhanced, while the glucocorticoid (GC) reduced, the proliferative response in activated cell cultures from healthy but not from GAD individuals. The cytokine profile in GAD individuals revealed Th1 and Th2 deficiencies were associated with dominate Th17 phenotype which was enhanced by SP. Differently from control, the production of Th17 cytokines in GAD individuals was not affected by GC. In conclusion, our results show that complex T cell functional dysregulation in GAD individuals is significantly amplified by SP. These immune abnormalities can have impact in increasing the susceptibility to infectious diseases and inflammatory/autoimmune disorders in anxious individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila O Barros
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Frei Caneca 94, 20.261-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Voss MJ, Entschladen F. Tumor interactions with soluble factors and the nervous system. Cell Commun Signal 2010; 8:21. [PMID: 20822525 PMCID: PMC2942890 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-8-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the genomic era of cancer research, the development of metastases has been attributed to mutations in the tumor that enable the cells to migrate. However, gene analyses revealed that primary tumors and metastases were in some cases genetically identical and the question was raised whether metastasis formation might be an inherent feature of certain tumor cells. In contradiction to this view, the last decade of cancer research has brought to light, that tumor cell migration, similar to leukocyte and fibroblast migration, is a highly regulated process. The nervous system plays an important role in this regulation, at least in two respects: firstly, neurotransmitters are known to regulate the migratory activity of tumor cells, and secondly, nerve fibers are used as routes for perineural invasion. We also summarize here the current knowledge on the innervation of tumors. Such a process might establish a neuro-neoplastic synapse, with the close interaction of tumor cells and nerve cells supporting metastasis formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Voss
- Institute of Immunology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str, 10, 58448 Witten, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells release signal substances that influence the migratory activity of cells in the tumor's microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2010; 8:17. [PMID: 20626867 PMCID: PMC2912317 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-8-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor cells interact with the cells of the microenvironment not only by cell-cell-contacts but also by the release of signal substances. These substances are known to induce tumor vascularization, especially under hypoxic conditions, but are also supposed to provoke other processes such as tumor innervation and inflammatory conditions. Inflammation is mediated by two organ systems, the neuroendocrine system and the immune system. Therefore, we investigated the influence of substances released by PC-3 human prostate carcinoma cells on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells as well as neutrophil granulocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, especially with regard to their migratory activity. Results PC-3 cells express several cytokines and growth factors including vascular endothelial growth factors, fibroblast growth factors, interleukins and neurotrophic factors. SH-SY5Y cells are impaired in their migratory activity by PC-3 cell culture supernatant, but orientate chemotactically towards the source. Neutrophil granulocytes increase their locomotory activity only in response to cell culture supernantant of hypoxic but not of normoxic PC-3 cells. In contrast, cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not change their migratory activity in response to either culture supernatant, but increase their cytotoxicity, whereas supernatant of normoxic PC-3 cells leads to a stronger increase than that of hypoxic PC-3 cells. Conclusions PC-3 cells release several signal substances that influence the behavior of the cells in the tumor's microenvironment, whereas no clear pattern towards proinflammatory or immunosuppressive conditions can be seen.
Collapse
|
37
|
Başterzi AD, Yazici K, Buturak V, Cimen B, Yazici A, Eskandari G, Tot Acar S, Taşdelen B. Effects of venlafaxine and fluoxetine on lymphocyte subsets in patients with major depressive disorder: a flow cytometric analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:70-5. [PMID: 19804808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have yielded conflicting results concerning flow cytometric lymphocyte analyses in patients with depression. Data about the effect of antidepressants on lymphocyte subsets are also contradictory. The aim of this study was to determine effects of venlafaxine versus fluoxetine on lymphocyte subsets in depressive patients. METHODS Sixty-nine patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) according to DSM-IV and 36 healthy controls are included in the study. Sixty-nine patients were randomized to take fluoxetine (FLX) (n=33) or venlafaxine (VEN) (n=36). Serum lymphocyte subsets included CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16/56, CD19, CD45, Anti-HLA-DR which were measured by flow cytometric analyses at baseline and 6 weeks after the start of treatment. The severity of depression was evaluated with Hamilton rating scale for depression. RESULTS At baseline, patients with MDD had significantly lower CD16/56 ratio and higher CD45 ratio compared to the controls. Although numerically higher in the VEN treated patients, treatment response rates between the FLX (53%) and the VEN (75%) groups were not different statistically. CD45 values decreased significantly in the VEN group at the end of the 6 week treatment period whereas no difference was observed in the FLX group. By the 6th week, treatment responders showed a significantly higher CD16/56 ratio than non-responders. Baseline severity of depression and anxiety was positively correlated with baseline CD45 ratio and negatively correlated with baseline CD16/56 ratio. We did not observe consistent changes in the absolute number of circulating B or T cells, nor in the helper/inducer (CD4) or suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8) subsets. CONCLUSIONS CD16/56 was lower in patients with MDD and increased in treatment responders at 6th week. CD45 ratio was higher in patients with MDD than healthy subjects; it decreased with antidepressant treatment and was positively correlated with the severity of depression. Antidepressant treatment contributes to immune regulation in patients with major depressive disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Devrim Başterzi
- Department of Psychiatry, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Zeytinlibahçe Cad., 33079-Mersin, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Strell C, Sievers A, Bastian P, Lang K, Niggemann B, Zänker KS, Entschladen F. Divergent effects of norepinephrine, dopamine and substance P on the activation, differentiation and effector functions of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. BMC Immunol 2009; 10:62. [PMID: 19968887 PMCID: PMC2794263 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurotransmitters are important regulators of the immune system, with very distinct and varying effects on different leukocyte subsets. So far little is known about the impact of signals mediated by neurotransmitters on the function of CD8+ T lymphocytes. Therefore, we investigated the influence of norepinephrine, dopamine and substance P on the key tasks of CD8+ T lymphocytes: activation, migration, extravasation and cytotoxicity. Results The activation of naïve CD8+ T lymphocytes by CD3/CD28 cross-linking was inhibited by norepinephrine and dopamine, which was caused by a downregulation of interleukin (IL)-2 expression via Erk1/2 and NF-κB inhibition. Furthermore, all of the investigated neurotransmitters increased the spontaneous migratory activity of naïve CD8+ T lymphocytes with dopamine being the strongest inducer. In contrast, activated CD8+ T lymphocytes showed a reduced migratory activity in the presence of norepinephrine and substance P. With regard to extravasation we found norepinephrine to induce adhesion of activated CD8+ T cells: norepinephrine increased the interleukin-8 release from endothelium, which in turn had effect on the activated CXCR1+ CD8+ T cells. At last, release of cytotoxic granules from activated cells in response to CD3 cross-linking was not influenced by any of the investigated neurotransmitters, as we have analyzed by measuring the β-hexosamidase release. Conclusion Neurotransmitters are specific modulators of CD8+ T lymphocytes not by inducing any new functions, but by fine-tuning their key tasks. The effect can be either stimulatory or suppressive depending on the activation status of the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Strell
- Institute of Immunology, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Murakami H, Kasugai K, Yoneda M, Kaneko H, Ohira H. Association of polymorphism in the human mu-opioid receptor OPRM1 gene with proinflammatory cytokine levels and health perception. Brain Behav Immun 2009; 23:931-5. [PMID: 19341791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in psychoneuroimmunology have indicated that proinflammatory cytokines cause several diseases and behaviors that overlap symptomatically with depression. It is known that the endogenous opioid peptide beta-endorphin regulates proinflammatory cytokine secretion from peripheral immune cells via mu-opioid receptor-dependent mechanisms. Therefore, it is possible that the functional polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1, SNP: A118G) influences peripheral circulating proinflammatory cytokine levels and the health-related quality of life (QOL) even in healthy populations. In this study, we compared the serum concentrations of several proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)) and the health-related QOL between OPRM1 genotypes. Interestingly, serum concentrations of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma were significantly lower and the general health score was significantly higher in carriers of the G allele, who show a strong binding of beta-endorphin to the mu-opioid receptor as compared to individuals without the G allele. Correlation analysis indicated that the general health score was negatively correlated with the IL-6 serum concentration. These results suggest that the sensitive endogenous opioid system in carriers of the G allele may suppress proinflammatory cytokine secretion from peripheral immune cells; consequently, it may influence the health perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Matsunaga
- Department of Neurology Psychosomatic Medicine, Ban Buntane Hotokukai Hospital, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi 454-8509, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Small doses of morphine can enhance NK cell cytotoxicity in pigs. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:277-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
41
|
Sheikhi AK, Tayade C, Paffaro VA, Croy BA. Are natural killer cells distributed in relationship to nerve fibers in the pregnant mouse uterus? Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 10:2885-9. [PMID: 19090193 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.2885.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Specialized lymphocytes, called uterine Natural Killer (uNK) cells, appear in human and rodent uteri and become abundant at implantation sites during decidualization and early pregnancy. The hallmark of human uNK cells is intense expression of CD56, a neural cell adhesion glycoprotein (NCAM-1) while mature (granulated) mouse uNK cells express asialoGM1, a brain ganglioside. Murine uNK cells initiate the normal structural changes induced in maternal spiral arteries by pregnancy but regulation of their recruitment, localization and activation is incompletely understood. To address whether uNK cell distribution is co-localized with nerve fiber distribution, sections of gestation day (gd) 6-12 implantation sites from C57BL/6 (B6) mice were studied. Nerve fibers reactive with antibodies to pan neurofilament 150 kD or with tyrosine hydroxylase, an enzyme restricted to sympathetic fibers, were present the walls of branches from the uterine artery in the mesentery. Reactivity was lost as the vessels crossed the myometrium and entered endometrium/decidua. Periodic Acid Schiffs reactive uNK cells were absent from the mesentery and enriched in decidua basalis where they transcribed NCAM-1 and associated with non-innervated segments of the uterine arteries, including spiral arteries. These data suggest that the localization and activation of mature uNK cells are unlikely to be neurotransmitter regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 451545
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shang ZJ, Liu K, Liang DF. Expression of beta2-adrenergic receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 38:371-6. [PMID: 19141064 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been speculated that chemokines and neurotransmitters might be involved in the organ-specific development of metastases because cancer metastasis is similar to the regulation of migratory activity in leukocytes. Here, we aimed to examine the expression of beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)-AR) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to investigate its correlation with tumor development and metastasis. METHODS Expression of beta(2)-AR was examined in 65 cases of OSCC specimens, 10 cases of normal oral mucosa, and two cell lines using immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-PCR. The differences in beta(2)-AR expression between various groups were evaluated using SPSS 13.0 Statistical Software. Cell proliferation assays were assayed by beta-adrenergic receptors agonists (norepinephrine) and antagonists (propranolol). Norepinephrine-mediated cell migration was assayed in Matrigel-coated chemotaxis chamber. RESULTS beta(2)-AR was highly expressed on OSCC compared to normal controls. In OSCC, positive beta(2)-AR expression was significantly correlated with cervical lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), age (P = 0.003), tumor size (P = 0.001) and clinical stage (P = 0.001), but not with gender. RT-PCR and Western blot also confirmed positive beta(2)-AR expression in OSCC and TCa8113 cell line, and negative beta(2)-AR expression in normal oral mucosa and ACC cell line. beta-adrenoreceptor agonist (norepinephrine) was a potent mitogen for TCa8113 and ACC cell lines, and completely inhibited by the selective antagonist of beta-adrenergic receptors (propranolol). Norepinephrine induced migratory activity of OSCC cells in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Increased expression of beta(2)-AR may play an important role in the formation and metastasis of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jun Shang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Stoeckle C, Gouttefangeas C, Hammer M, Weber E, Melms A, Tolosa E. Cathepsin W expressed exclusively in CD8+ T cells and NK cells, is secreted during target cell killing but is not essential for cytotoxicity in human CTLs. Exp Hematol 2008; 37:266-75. [PMID: 19100676 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cathepsin W (CatW, lymphopain) is a putative cysteine protease with restricted expression to natural killer (NK) cells and CD8(+) T cells and so far unknown function and properties. Here, we characterize in detail, the regulation of human CatW during T-cell development in response to different stimuli and its functional involvement in cytotoxic lymphocyte effector function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blots and real time polymerase chain reaction of sorted, unstimulated, and stimulated cell subsets (thymocytes, T cells, NK cells) and their culture supernatants were used to study regulation and expression of CatW. Primary CD8(+) T cells and short-term T-cell lines were transfected with small interfering RNA to study the involvement of CatW in effector function such as target cell killing and interferon-gamma production. RESULTS Levels of CatW expression correlate closely with cytotoxic capacity both during development and in response to factors influencing cytotoxicity. Furthermore, CatW is secreted during specific target cell killing. However, knockdown of CatW expression by small interfering RNA neither influences target cell killing nor interferon-gamma production. CONCLUSION Despite being expressed in the effector subset of CD8(+) and NK cells and of being released during target cell killing, our functional inhibition studies exclude an essential role of CatW in the process of cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Stoeckle
- Department of General Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Stress or neuroendocrine response usually occurs soon after trauma, which is central to the maintenance of post-traumatic homeostasis. Immune inflammatory response has been recognized to be a key element both in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic complications and in tissue repair. Despite the existence of multiple and intricate interconnected neuroendocrine pathways, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system have been considered to be the most important in trauma. Although the short-term and appropriate activation of these stress responses is vital to the host's adaptation, prolonged duration and exaggerative magnitude of their activity leads to deleterious effects on immune function in trauma, causing immune dissonance. The overall appropriate and controlled activation and termination of the neuroendocrine responses that mediate the necessary physiological functions involved in maintaining and restoring homeostasis in the event of trauma are of critical importance. This review will describe the effects of some important neuroendocrine responses on immune system. Present evidences indicate that the neuroendocrine and immune systems form a cohesive and integrated early host response to trauma, and identify areas for further research to fully elucidate the regulatory role of neuroendocrine system in trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital/ Institute of Surgery Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The cancer's nervous tooth: Considering the neuronal crosstalk within tumors. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 18:171-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
46
|
Tsui H, Razavi R, Chan Y, Yantha J, Dosch HM. ‘Sensing’ autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2007; 13:405-13. [PMID: 17900987 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 07/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune-mediated loss of insulin-producing beta-cells. Recent findings suggest that the events controlling T1D development are not only immunological, but also neuronal in nature. In the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D, a mutant sensory neuron channel, TRPV1, initiates chronic, progressive beta-cell stress, inducing islet cell inflammation. This novel mechanism of organ-specific damage requires a permissive, autoimmune-prone host, but ascribes tissue specificity to the local secretory dysfunction of sensory afferent neurons. In NOD mice, normalizing this neuronal function by administration of the neurotransmitter substance P clears islet cell inflammation, reduces insulin resistance and restores normoglycemia. Here, we discuss this neuro-immuno-endocrine model, its implications and the involvement of sensory neurons in other autoimmune disorders. These developments might provide novel neuronal-based therapeutic interventions, particularly in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Tsui
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 555 University Avenue, 10128 Elm Wing Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Siebenhaar F, Sharov AA, Peters EMJ, Sharova TY, Syska W, Mardaryev AN, Freyschmidt-Paul P, Sundberg JP, Maurer M, Botchkarev VA. Substance P as an Immunomodulatory Neuropeptide in a Mouse Model for Autoimmune Hair Loss (Alopecia Areata). J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:1489-97. [PMID: 17273166 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder of the hair follicle characterized by inflammatory cell infiltrates around actively growing (anagen) hair follicles. Substance P (SP) plays a critical role in the cutaneous neuroimmune network and influences immune cell functions through the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R). To better understand the role of SP as an immunomodulatory neuropeptide in AA, we studied its expression and effects on immune cells in a C3H/HeJ mouse model for AA. During early stages of AA development, the number of SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in skin is increased, compared to non-affected mice. However, during advanced stages of AA, the number of SP-immunoreactive nerves and SP protein levels in skin are decreased, whereas the expression of the SP-degrading enzyme neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is increased, compared to control skin. In AA, NK-1R is expressed on CD8+ lymphocytes and macrophages accumulating around affected hair follicles. Additional SP supply to the skin of AA-affected mice leads to a significant increase of mast cell degranulation and to accelerated hair follicle regression (catagen), accompanied by an increase of CD8+ cells-expressing granzyme B. These data suggest that SP, NEP, and NK-1R serve as important regulators in the molecular signaling network modulating inflammatory response in autoimmune hair loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Siebenhaar
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Divito S, Cherpes TL, Hendricks RL. A triple entente: virus, neurons, and CD8+ T cells maintain HSV-1 latency. Immunol Res 2007; 36:119-26. [PMID: 17337772 DOI: 10.1385/ir:36:1:119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) travels by retrograde transport to sensory ganglia where latency is established. Recurrent disease results from virus reactivation and anterograde transport to nerve termini. Prevention of reactivation requires a complex interplay among virus, neuron, and immune response. Study of this tripartite relationship suggests possible interaction, and even communication among these components, that direct an immune response that allows for control of virus while preserving the viability of host tissue. Exciting new evidence supports the view that CD8+ effector T cells employ both lytic granule-dependent and interferon gamma-dependent effector mechanisms in maintaining HSV-1 latency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherrie Divito
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15123, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Croy BA, van den Heuvel MJ, Borzychowski AM, Tayade C. Uterine natural killer cells: a specialized differentiation regulated by ovarian hormones. Immunol Rev 2007; 214:161-85. [PMID: 17100884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2006.00447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In adult females of many species, a transient population of natural killer (NK) cells appears in cycles within the uterine endometrium (lining). Appearance of these lymphocytes coincides with specific phases of the ovarian hormone cycle and/or early pregnancy. Studies in rodents, women, and pigs dominate the literature and suggest the uterine (u)NK cells are an activated subset sharing many but not all features with circulating or lymphoid organ-residing NK cells. During successful murine pregnancy, uNK cells appear to regulate initiation of structural changes in the feed arterial systems that support maternal endometrial tissue at sites of implantation and subsequent placental development. These changes, which reverse after pregnancy, create a higher volume arterial bed with flaccid vessels unresponsive to vasoactive compounds. These unique pregnancy-associated arterial changes elevate the volume of low-pressure, nutrient-rich, maternal arterial blood available to conceptuses. Regulation of the differentiation, activation, and functions of uNK cells is only partially known, and there is lively debate regarding whether and how uNK cells participate in infertility or spontaneous abortion. This review highlights the biology of uNK cells during successful pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Anne Croy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Group in Reproduction, Development and Sexual Function, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lang K, Entschladen F, Weidt C, Zaenker KS. Tumor immune escape mechanisms: impact of the neuroendocrine system. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:749-60. [PMID: 16435128 PMCID: PMC11030197 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells act upon, and react to both their proximate and more distant environment, the mechanisms by which this is achieved being both autocrine and paracrine in nature. This interaction, however, takes place not only between adjacent malignant cells, but also non-malignant cells such as those of the immune system, the latter also partaking in the modeling of the tumor environment. Although tumor cells descend from normal tissue cells and thus bear in classical immunological terms 'self signals', it is evident that the immune system is able to recognize tumor cells as a harassment for the body and in consequence tries to eliminate these cells. On the counterpart, tumor cells acquire various characteristics which allow them to evade this immunological surveillance, and have been collectively coined with the term "tumor escape mechanisms". This review will describe and summarize current understanding of tumor escape strategies, and also more closely elaborate on the modulatory role of the neuroendocrine system in the immune system-tumor cell interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448 Witten, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|