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Mahbuba DA, Masuko S, Wang S, Syangtan D, Kang JS, Song Y, Shin TW, Xia K, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Boyden ES, Kiessling LL. Dynamic Changes in Heparan Sulfate Nanostructure in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7207-7218. [PMID: 37042659 PMCID: PMC11439449 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a heterogeneous, cell-surface polysaccharide critical for transducing signals essential for mammalian development. Imaging of signaling proteins has revealed how their localization influences their information transfer. In contrast, the contribution of the spatial distribution and nanostructure of information-rich, signaling polysaccharides like HS is not known. Using expansion microscopy (ExM), we found striking changes in HS nanostructure occur as human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells differentiate, and these changes correlate with growth factor signaling. Our imaging studies show that undifferentiated hPS cells are densely coated with HS displayed as hair-like protrusions. This ultrastructure can recruit fibroblast growth factor for signaling. When the hPS cells differentiate into the ectoderm lineage, HS is localized into dispersed puncta. This striking change in HS distribution coincides with a decrease in fibroblast growth factor binding to neural cells. While developmental variations in HS sequence were thought to be the primary driver of alterations in HS-mediated growth factor signaling, our high-resolution images indicate a role for the HS nanostructure. Our study highlights the utility of high-resolution glycan imaging using ExM. In the case of HS, we found that changes in how the polysaccharide is displayed link to profound differences in growth factor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Al Mahbuba
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sayaka Masuko
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Deepsing Syangtan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeong Seuk Kang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yuefan Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Tay W. Shin
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Edward S. Boyden
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Centers for Neurobiological Engineering and Extreme Bionics, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Laura L. Kiessling
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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2
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Wakitani S, Kawabata R, Yasuda M. Insufficiency of CD205-positive cortical thymic epithelial cells in immature Japanese Black cattle with severe thymic abnormalities and poor prognosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 245:110379. [PMID: 35038635 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the involvement of thymic function in the development of diseases with poor prognosis in calves, this study conducted a survey for the assessment of thymus cell composition in immature Japanese Black cattle with poor prognosis. Histopathological evaluation of 47 cattle showed signs of acute thymic involution in most cases. Less than half of the cases had a cortex predominant over the medulla in the thymic parenchyma, and a quarter of the cases indicated severe histological condition with an unclear boundary between the cortex and medulla. Correlation analysis revealed a close relationship between the corresponding stages of acute involution, cortical occupancy, and the expression of CD4, CD8B, and CD205. When cases were grouped by cortical occupancy, the expression of CD4 and CD8B expression was lower in the severe group with less than 25 % cortical occupancy, and the expression of CD205 was lower in the group with an unclear cortical-medullary boundary. Meanwhile, there was no difference in the expressions of IL7, CD80, FEZF2, and FOXN1 according to cortical occupancy. Immunohistochemistry has shown that cytokeratin-positive thymic epithelial cells are more densely populated in the severe thymus. UEA-I-binding medullary thymic epithelial cells were also present, but CD205-positive cortical thymic epithelial cells were rare in severe thymus. Moreover, there were significantly fewer Ki-67-positive cells in cattle with severe thymus. Therefore, these results indicate that thymic histological abnormalities frequently occur in immature cattle with a poor prognosis, and the presence of CD205-positive cortical thymic epithelial cells is associated with the severity of the abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Wakitani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
| | - Risako Kawabata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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3
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Hasan MM, Mimi MA, Mamun MA, Islam A, Waliullah ASM, Nabi MM, Tamannaa Z, Kahyo T, Setou M. Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Glycome in the Brain. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:711955. [PMID: 34393728 PMCID: PMC8358800 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.711955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are diverse structured biomolecules that play crucial roles in various biological processes. Glycosylation, an enzymatic system through which various glycans are bound to proteins and lipids, is the most common and functionally crucial post-translational modification process. It is known to be associated with brain development, signal transduction, molecular trafficking, neurodegenerative disorders, psychopathologies, and brain cancers. Glycans in glycoproteins and glycolipids expressed in brain cells are involved in neuronal development, biological processes, and central nervous system maintenance. The composition and expression of glycans are known to change during those physiological processes. Therefore, imaging of glycans and the glycoconjugates in the brain regions has become a “hot” topic nowadays. Imaging techniques using lectins, antibodies, and chemical reporters are traditionally used for glycan detection. However, those techniques offer limited glycome detection. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an evolving field that combines mass spectrometry with histology allowing spatial and label-free visualization of molecules in the brain. In the last decades, several studies have employed MSI for glycome imaging in brain tissues. The current state of MSI uses on-tissue enzymatic digestion or chemical reaction to facilitate successful glycome imaging. Here, we reviewed the available literature that applied MSI techniques for glycome visualization and characterization in the brain. We also described the general methodologies for glycome MSI and discussed its potential use in the three-dimensional MSI in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mst Afsana Mimi
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Md Al Mamun
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - A S M Waliullah
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Md Mahamodun Nabi
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Zinat Tamannaa
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
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4
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Cutler CE, Jones MB, Cutler AA, Mener A, Arthur CM, Stowell SR, Cummings RD. Cosmc is required for T cell persistence in the periphery. Glycobiology 2019; 29:776-788. [PMID: 31317176 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes, a key arm of adaptive immunity, are known to dynamically regulate O-glycosylation during T cell maturation and when responding to stimuli; however, the direct role of O-glycans in T cell maturation remains largely unknown. Using a conditional knockout of the gene (C1GalT1C1 or Cosmc) encoding the specific chaperone Cosmc, we generated mice whose T cells lack extended O-glycans (T cell conditional Cosmc knock out or TCKO mice) and homogeneously express the truncated Tn antigen. Loss of Cosmc is highly deleterious to T cell persistence, with near-complete elimination of Cosmc-null T cells from spleen and lymph nodes. Total T cell counts are 20% of wild type (WT), among which only 5% express the truncated glycans, with the remaining 95% consisting of escapers from Cre-mediated recombination. TCKO thymocytes were able to complete thymic maturation but failed to populate the secondary lymphoid organs both natively and upon adoptive transfer to WT recipients. Our results demonstrate that extended O-glycosylation is required for the establishment and maintenance of the peripheral T cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Cutler
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, CLS 11087, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, USA.,Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark B Jones
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, CLS 11087, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia A Cutler
- University of Colorado, Willard Loop Drive, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Amanda Mener
- Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, CLS 11087, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Nagai-Okatani C, Nagai M, Sato T, Kuno A. An Improved Method for Cell Type-Selective Glycomic Analysis of Tissue Sections Assisted by Fluorescence Laser Microdissection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030700. [PMID: 30736315 PMCID: PMC6387264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectin microarray (LMA) is a highly sensitive technology used to obtain the global glycomic profiles of endogenous glycoproteins in biological samples including formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Here, we describe an effective method for cell type-selective glycomic profiling of tissue fragments collected by laser microdissection (LMD) under fluorescent histochemical visualization. We optimized each step of histochemical staining and confirmed the reliability and validity of glycomic profiling. Using the optimized procedure, glycomic profiles were obtained with 0.5 mm² of stained thymic sections (5-μm-thick) from 8-week-old C57BL/6J male mice. The glycomic profiles of Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I)-stained medullary regions showed higher UEA-I signals than those of the morphologically determined medulla regions, indicating the utility of this method for UEA-I(+) cell-selective analysis. To further evaluate this method, tissue fragments was serially collected from stained and unstained areas of medullary epithelial cell probes (UEA-I and anti-cytokeratin 5 antibody) and a cortex-staining probe (peanut agglutinin). The medullary regions assigned by the three probes showed significantly different glycomic profiles, highlighting the difference in subpopulation recognition among the three probes, which was consistent with previous reports. In conclusion, our fluorescence LMD-LMA method enabled cell type-selective tissue glycomic analysis of pathological specimens and animal models, especially for glyco-biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Nagai-Okatani
- Glycoscience and Glycotechnology Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Misugi Nagai
- Glycoscience and Glycotechnology Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Takashi Sato
- Glycoscience and Glycotechnology Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Glycoscience and Glycotechnology Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
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6
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Balcan E. Quantitative approach to lectin-based glycoprofiling of thymic tissues in the control- and the dexamethasone-treated mice. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:168-82. [PMID: 27067421 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX) is the most commonly used synthetic glucocorticoid in treatment of various inflammatory conditions. Here we focused on evaluating the effect of DEX on apoptosis and glycan profile in the mouse thymic tissues. Histological examinations revealed that the DEX treatment cause severe alterations in thymus, such as disruption of thymic capsule, impaired epithelial cell-thymocyte contacts, cellular loss and increased apoptosis. The identification of thymic glycans in the control- and the DEX-treated mice was carried out by using a panel of five plant lectins, Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), Concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Lectin histochemistry results showed that glycosylation pattern of thymus changes upon DEX treatment. For further detailed quantitative analyses of the binding intensities for each lectin, histochemical data were scored as high positive (HP), mild positive (MP) and low positive (LP) and differences among signaling densities were investigated. The staining patterns of thymic regions observed with lectin histochemistry suggest that DEX can affect the thymic glycan profile as well as thymocyte apoptosis. These results are consistent with the opinion that not only sialic acid, but also other sugar motifs may be responsible for thymocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Balcan
- Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, 45047, Muradiye Campus, Manisa, Turkey.
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7
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Pal Z, Tóthfalusi L, Lörincz Z, György B, Molnar MJ, Falus A, Buzás EI. Immunosuppressants increase the levels of natural autoantibodies reactive with glycosaminoglycans in myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 276:224-8. [PMID: 25139014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing number of evidences support the role of glycosylation in the evolution of autoimmunity. We examined carbohydrate-reactive natural autoantibodies systematically for the first time in patients with autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Antibodies reactive to glycosaminoglycans were measured with CovaLink ELISA in the sera of 59 myasthenia patients as well as in 54 healthy controls. We used the GlycoChip carbohydrate array to characterize individual carbohydrate recognition patterns. Chondroitin-sulphate C and anti-α-mannose-specific IgG levels were significantly elevated in myasthenia patients. Unexpectedly, we found that immunosuppressants increased the levels of the protective IgM glycosaminoglycan-reactive natural antibodies demonstrating a new role for these agents in immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Pal
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Balassa u.6, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Tóthfalusi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Lörincz
- Institute of Enzymology Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Karolina u 29, Budapest H-1518, Hungary
| | - Bence György
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Judit Molnar
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, 1083 Tömő u.18, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Falus
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, Hungary.
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Abstract
Imaging technologies developed in the early 20th century achieved contrast solely by relying on macroscopic and morphological differences between the tissues of interest and the surrounding tissues. Since then, there has been a movement toward imaging at the cellular and molecular level in order to visualize biological processes. This rapidly growing field is known as molecular imaging. In the last decade, many methodologies for imaging proteins have emerged. However, most of these approaches cannot be extended to imaging beyond the proteome. Here, we highlight some of the recently developed technologies that enable imaging of non-proteinaceous molecules in the cell: lipids, signalling molecules, inorganic ions, glycans, nucleic acids, small-molecule metabolites, and protein post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela V. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A
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9
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Baba T, Badr MES, Tomaru U, Ishizu A, Mukaida N. Novel process of intrathymic tumor-immune tolerance through CCR2-mediated recruitment of Sirpα+ dendritic cells: a murine model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41154. [PMID: 22815949 PMCID: PMC3397991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune surveillance system can detect more efficiently secretory tumor-specific antigens, which are superior as a target for cancer immunotherapy. On the contrary, immune tolerance can be induced in the thymus when a tumor antigen is massively secreted into circulation. Thus, the secretion of tumor-specific antigen may have contradictory roles in tumor immunity in a context-dependent manner. However, it remains elusive on the precise cellular mechanism of intrathymic immune tolerance against tumor antigens. We previously demonstrated that a minor thymic conventional dendritic cell (cDC) subset, CD8α−Sirpα+ cDCs, but not the major subset, CD8α+Sirpα− cDCs can selectively capture blood-borne antigens and crucially contribute to the self-tolerance. In the present study, we further demonstrated that Sirpα+ cDCs can capture a blood-borne antigen leaking inside the interlobular vascular-rich regions (IVRs). Blood-borne antigen selectively captured by Sirpα+ cDCs can induce antigen-specific Treg generation or negative selection, depending on the immunogenicity of the presented antigen. Furthermore, CCR2 expression by thymic Sirpα+ cDCs and abundant expression of its ligands, particularly, CCL2 by tumor-bearing mice prompted us to examine the function of thymic Sirpα+ cDCs in tumor-bearing mice. Interestingly, tumor-bearing mice deposited CCL2 inside IVRs in the thymus. Moreover, tumor formation induced the accumulation of Sirpα+ cDCs in IVRs under the control of CCR2-CCL2 axis and enhanced their capacity to take up antigens, resulting in the shift from Treg differentiation to negative selection. Finally, intrathymic negative selection similarly ensued in CCR2-competent mice once the tumor-specific antigen was secreted into bloodstream. Thus, we demonstrated that thymic Sirpα+ cDCs crucially contribute to this novel process of intrathymic tumor immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Baba
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
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10
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Clark MC, Baum LG. T cells modulate glycans on CD43 and CD45 during development and activation, signal regulation, and survival. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1253:58-67. [PMID: 22288421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation affects many essential T cell processes and is intrinsically controlled throughout the lifetime of a T cell. CD43 and CD45 are the two most abundant glycoproteins on the T cell surface and are decorated with O- and N-glycans. Global T cell glycosylation and specific glycosylation of CD43 and CD45 are modulated during thymocyte development and T cell activation; T cells control the type and abundance of glycans decorating CD43 and CD45 by regulating expression of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. Additionally, T cells regulate glycosylation of CD45 by expressing alternatively spliced isoforms of CD45 that have different glycan attachment sites. The glycophenotype of CD43 and CD45 on T cells influences how T cells interact with the extracellular environment, including how T cells interact with endogenous lectins. This review focuses on changes in glycosylation of CD43 and CD45 occurring throughout T cell development and activation and the role that glycosylation plays in regulating T cell processes, such as migration, T cell receptor signaling, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Clark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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11
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Pandey G, Fatma T, Cowsik SM, Komath SS. Specific interaction of jacalin with phycocyanin, a fluorescent phycobiliprotein. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2009; 97:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Molecular imaging enables visualization of specific molecules in vivo and without substantial perturbation to the target molecule's environment. Glycans are appealing targets for molecular imaging but are inaccessible with conventional approaches. Classic methods for monitoring glycans rely on molecular recognition with probe-bearing lectins or antibodies, but these techniques are not well suited to in vivo imaging. In an emerging strategy, glycans are imaged by metabolic labeling with chemical reporters and subsequent ligation to fluorescent probes. This technique has enabled visualization of glycans in living cells and in live organisms such as zebrafish. Molecular imaging with chemical reporters offers a new avenue for probing changes in the glycome that accompany development and disease.
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13
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van Vliet SJ, Paessens LC, Broks-van den Berg VCM, Geijtenbeek TBH, van Kooyk Y. The C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin impedes migration of immature APCs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:3148-55. [PMID: 18713985 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.5.3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent APCs of the immune system that seed the peripheral tissues and lymphoid organs. In an immature state, DCs sample their surroundings for incoming pathogens. Upon Ag encounter, DCs mature and migrate to the lymph node to induce adaptive immune responses. The C-type macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed in immature DCs, mediates binding to glycoproteins carrying GalNAc moieties. In the present study, we demonstrate that MGL ligands are present on the sinusoidal and lymphatic endothelium of lymph node and thymus, respectively. MGL binding strongly correlated with the expression of the preferred MGL ligand, alpha-GalNAc-containing glycan structures, as visualized by staining with the alpha-GalNAc-specific snail lectin Helix pomatia agglutinin. MGL(+) cells were localized in close proximity of the endothelial structures that express the MGL ligand. Strikingly, instead of inducing migration, MGL mediated retention of human immature DCs, as blockade of MGL interactions enhanced DC trafficking and migration. Thus, MGL(+) DCs are hampered in their migratory responses and only upon maturation, when MGL expression is abolished; these DCs will be released from their MGL-mediated restraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Balcan E, Gümüş A, Sahin M. The glycosylation status of murine [corrected] postnatal thymus: a study by histochemistry and lectin blotting. J Mol Histol 2008; 39:417-26. [PMID: 18642095 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-008-9180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During the intrathymic development, the fate of the thymocytes depends largely on variable expression of CD4/CD8 markers and T cell receptor protein expressions. In addition, changes of cell surface glycosylation status also affect the thymocyte maturation. In this study the glycosylation alterations in thymic tissues from 1, 9, 13 and 16 days old mice were evaluated by histochemical and lectin blotting techniques. With alcian blue (AB) at pH 5.7/periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stainings, it was shown that thymic microenvironments contained carboxlylated and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Strong positivity to AB at pH 2.5, which specific for sialomucins, was seen in some medullary thymocytes. Similarly, it was shown that with Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAL) medullary thymocytes, but not cortical ones, contained alpha(2 --> 3) linked sialic acid structures. On the other hand, while reaction with peanut agglutinin (PNA), which specific for core disaccharide galactose beta(1 --> 3) N-acetylgalactosamine, was only seen in cortical thymocytes, reaction with Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), which specific for terminal mannose residues, was seen in both cortex and medulla. However, Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA), which recognizes galactose beta(1 --> 4) N-acetylglucosamine, was not only cell-specific, but it was bound some thymic vessels. With lectin blotting studies, five glycoprotein bands of molecular weights approximately 39, approximately 54, 100, approximately 110 and approximately 212 were found which reacted with MAL, PNA and DSA as well as GNA. These results suggest that glycosylation patterns of cell surface glycoconjugates are modified during thymocyte selection processes of postnatal days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Balcan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Celal Bayar University, Molecular Biology Sect. 45047 Muradiye Campus, Manisa, Turkey.
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Evans VA, Cameron PU, Lewin SR. Human thymic dendritic cells: Regulators of T cell development in health and HIV-1 infection. Clin Immunol 2008; 126:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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