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Yadav R, Sukumaran S, Zabka TS, Li J, Oldendorp A, Morrow G, Reyes A, Cheu M, Li J, Wallin JJ, Tsai S, Sun L, Wang P, Ellerman D, Spiess C, Polson A, Stefanich EG, Kamath AV, Ovacik MA. Nonclinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Characterization of Anti-CD79b/CD3 T Cell-Dependent Bispecific Antibody Using a Surrogate Molecule: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for B Cell Malignancies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050970. [PMID: 35631556 PMCID: PMC9147001 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell-dependent bispecific (TDB) antibody, anti-CD79b/CD3, targets CD79b and CD3 cell-surface receptors expressed on B cells and T cells, respectively. Since the anti-CD79b arm of this TDB binds only to human CD79b, a surrogate TDB that binds to cynomolgus monkey CD79b (cyCD79b) was used for preclinical characterization. To evaluate the impact of CD3 binding affinity on the TDB pharmacokinetics (PK), we utilized non-tumor-targeting bispecific anti-gD/CD3 antibodies composed of a low/high CD3 affinity arm along with a monospecific anti-gD arm as controls in monkeys and mice. An integrated PKPD model was developed to characterize PK and pharmacodynamics (PD). This study revealed the impact of CD3 binding affinity on anti-cyCD79b/CD3 PK. The surrogate anti-cyCD79b/CD3 TDB was highly effective in killing CD79b-expressing B cells and exhibited nonlinear PK in monkeys, consistent with target-mediated clearance. A dose-dependent decrease in B cell counts in peripheral blood was observed, as expected. Modeling indicated that anti-cyCD79b/CD3 TDB’s rapid and target-mediated clearance may be attributed to faster internalization of CD79b, in addition to enhanced CD3 binding. The model yielded unbiased and precise curve fits. These findings highlight the complex interaction between TDBs and their targets and may be applicable to the development of other biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbharan Yadav
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (S.S.); (A.R.); (E.G.S.); (A.V.K.)
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (M.A.O.); Tel.: +1-650-467-1723 (R.Y.); +1-650-467-3645 (M.A.O.)
| | - Siddharth Sukumaran
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (S.S.); (A.R.); (E.G.S.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Tanja S. Zabka
- Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.S.Z.); (J.L.); (A.O.); (G.M.)
| | - Jinze Li
- Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.S.Z.); (J.L.); (A.O.); (G.M.)
| | - Amy Oldendorp
- Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.S.Z.); (J.L.); (A.O.); (G.M.)
| | - Gary Morrow
- Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (T.S.Z.); (J.L.); (A.O.); (G.M.)
| | - Arthur Reyes
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (S.S.); (A.R.); (E.G.S.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Melissa Cheu
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Jessica Li
- Oncology Biomarker Development (OBD), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (J.L.); (J.J.W.)
| | - Jeffrey J. Wallin
- Oncology Biomarker Development (OBD), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (J.L.); (J.J.W.)
| | - Siao Tsai
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Laura Sun
- Translational Oncology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (L.S.); (P.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Peiyin Wang
- Translational Oncology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (L.S.); (P.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Diego Ellerman
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (D.E.); (C.S.)
| | - Christoph Spiess
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (D.E.); (C.S.)
| | - Andy Polson
- Translational Oncology Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (L.S.); (P.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Eric G. Stefanich
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (S.S.); (A.R.); (E.G.S.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Amrita V. Kamath
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (S.S.); (A.R.); (E.G.S.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Meric A. Ovacik
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (S.S.); (A.R.); (E.G.S.); (A.V.K.)
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (M.A.O.); Tel.: +1-650-467-1723 (R.Y.); +1-650-467-3645 (M.A.O.)
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Zhang W, Pu Z, Du S, Chen Y, Jiang L. Fate of engineered cerium oxide nanoparticles in an aquatic environment and their toxicity toward 14 ciliated protist species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:584-591. [PMID: 26986089 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential environmental impacts of engineered cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) on aquatic organisms have remained largely unknown. Therefore, the laboratory study featured herein was performed to determine the fate of CeO2 NPs in an aquatic environment and their toxicity towards 14 different ciliated protist species at a specified population level. An investigation of 48 h aggregation kinetics in the Dryl's solution showed the CeO2 NPs to be relatively stable. The pH values in three test medium were too far away from PZC, which explained the stability of CeO2 NPs. CeO2 NPs generally elicited more toxicity with increasing NP concentration, following certain dose-response relationships. Nano-CeO2 resulted in greater toxicity in a particle state than when added as bulk material. LC50 values showed a negative correlation with the surface-to-volume ratio for these protists, suggesting that surface adsorption of CeO2 NPs might contribute to the observed toxicity. Additionally, acute toxic responses of 14 ciliated protist species to CeO2 NPs were not significantly phylogenetically conserved. The results of these observations provide a better insight into the potential risks of CeO2 NPs in an aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, USA; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, USA
| | - Zhichao Pu
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, USA
| | - Songyan Du
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, USA
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, USA.
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, USA.
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Acosta YY, Zafra MP, Ojeda G, Bernardone IS, Dianzani U, Portolés P, Rojo JM. Biased binding of class IA phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase subunits to inducible costimulator (CD278). Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3065-79. [PMID: 21188463 PMCID: PMC11115116 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To better understand T lymphocyte costimulation by inducible costimulator (ICOS; H4; CD278), we analyzed proteins binding to ICOS peptides phosphorylated at the Y(191)MFM motif. Phosphorylated ICOS binds class IA phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) p85α, p50-55α and p85β regulatory subunits and p110α, p110δ and p110β catalytic subunits. Intriguingly, T cells expressed high levels of both p110α or p110δ catalytic subunits, yet ICOS peptides, cell surface ICOS or PI3-kinase class IA regulatory subunits preferentially coprecipitated p110α catalytic subunits. Silencing p110α or p110δ partially inhibited Akt/PKB activation induced by anti-CD3 plus anti-ICOS antibodies. However, silencing p110α enhanced and silencing p110δ inhibited Erk activation. Both p110α- and p110δ-specific inhibitors blocked cytokine secretion induced by TCR/CD3 activation with or without ICOS costimulus, but only p110α inhibitors blocked ICOS-induced cell elongation. Thus, p110α and p110δ are essential to optimal T cell activation, but their abundance and activity differentially tune up distinct ICOS signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenny Y. Acosta
- Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Paz Zafra
- Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Ojeda
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ilaria Seren Bernardone
- Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Pilar Portolés
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Rojo
- Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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