1
|
Ghosh S, Moorthy B, Haribabu B, Jala VR. Cytochrome P450 1A1 is essential for the microbial metabolite, Urolithin A-mediated protection against colitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004603. [PMID: 36159798 PMCID: PMC9493474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP1A1) pathway, which is regulated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays an important role in chemical carcinogenesis and xenobiotic metabolism. Recently, we demonstrated that the microbial metabolite Urolithin A (UroA) mitigates colitis through its gut barrier protective and anti-inflammatory activities in an AhR-dependent manner. Here, we explored role of CYP1A1 in UroA-mediated gut barrier and immune functions in regulation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods To determine the role of CYP1A1 in UroA-mediated protectives activities against colitis, we subjected C57BL/6 mice and Cyp1a1-/- mice to dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced acute colitis model. The phenotypes of the mice were characterized by determining loss of body weight, intestinal permeability, systemic and colonic inflammation. Further, we evaluated the impact of UroA on regulation of immune cell populations by flow cytometry and confocal imaging using both in vivo and ex vivo model systems. Results UroA treatment mitigated DSS-induced acute colitis in the wildtype mice. However, UroA-failed to protect Cyp1a1-/- mice against colitis, as evident from non-recovery of body weight loss, shortened colon lengths and colon weight/length ratios. Further, UroA failed to reduce DSS-induced inflammation, intestinal permeability and upregulate tight junction proteins in Cyp1a1-/- mice. Interestingly, UroA induced the expansion of T-reg cells in a CYP1A1-dependent manner both in vivo and ex vivo models. Conclusion Our results suggest that CYP1A1 expression is essential for UroA-mediated enhanced gut barrier functions and protective activities against colitis. We postulate that CYP1A1 plays critical and yet unknown functions beyond xenobiotic metabolism in the regulation of gut epithelial integrity and immune systems to maintain gut homeostasis in IBD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown Cancer Center, Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown Cancer Center, Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Venkatakrishna Rao Jala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown Cancer Center, Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Venkatakrishna Rao Jala,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Chen QQ, Zhu WY, Deng F, Li DW, Li J, Wan J, Ling Hu EQ. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation worsens intestinal inflammation and microenvironment in PI3Kγ-knockout mice. Cell Immunol 2022; 380:104573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
3
|
Fat of the Gut: Epithelial Phospholipids in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111682. [PMID: 34769112 PMCID: PMC8584226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise a distinct set of clinical symptoms resulting from chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Despite the significant progress in understanding the etiology and development of treatment strategies, IBD remain incurable for thousands of patients. Metabolic deregulation is indicative of IBD, including substantial shifts in lipid metabolism. Recent data showed that changes in some phospholipids are very common in IBD patients. For instance, phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)/PC ratios are associated with the severity of the inflammatory process. Composition of phospholipids also changes upon IBD towards an increase in arachidonic acid and a decrease in linoleic and a-linolenic acid levels. Moreover, an increase in certain phospholipid metabolites, such as lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide, can result in enhanced intestinal inflammation, malignancy, apoptosis or necroptosis. Because some phospholipids are associated with pathogenesis of IBD, they may provide a basis for new strategies to treat IBD. Current attempts are aimed at controlling phospholipid and fatty acid levels through the diet or via pharmacological manipulation of lipid metabolism.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jin R, Xiao AY, Li J, Wang M, Li G. PI3Kγ (Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-γ) Inhibition Attenuates Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator-Induced Brain Hemorrhage and Improves Microvascular Patency After Embolic Stroke. Hypertension 2019; 73:206-216. [PMID: 30571560 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the PI3Kγ (phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ) exerts anti-inflammatory and protective effects in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. SHRs (spontaneously hypertensive rats) subjected to embolic middle cerebral occlusion were treated with AS605240 (30 mg/kg) at 2 or 4 hours, tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator; 10 mg/kg) at 2 or 6 hours, or AS605240 at 4 hours plus tPA at 6 hours. Infarct volume, brain hemorrhage, neurological function, microvascular thrombosis, and cerebral microvessel patency were examined. We found that treatment with AS605240 alone at 2 hours or the combination treatment with AS605240 at 4 hours and tPA at 6 hours significantly reduced infarct volume and neurological deficits at 3 days after stroke compared with ischemic rats treated with saline, AS605240 alone at 4 hours, and tPA alone at 6 hours. Moreover, the combination treatment effectively prevented the delayed tPA-induced cerebral hemorrhage. These protective effects are associated with reduced disruption of the blood-brain barrier, reduced downstream microvascular thrombosis, and improved microvascular patency by AS605240. Inhibition of the NF-κB (nuclear transcription factor-κB)-dependent MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-9 and PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) in the ischemic brain endothelium may underlie the neurovascular protective effect of AS605240. In addition, the combination treatment significantly reduced circulating platelet P-selectin expression and platelet-leukocyte aggregation compared with ischemic rats treated with saline or tPA alone at 6 hours. In conclusion, inhibition of PI3Kγ with AS605240 reduces delayed tPA-induced intracerebral hemorrhage and improves microvascular patency, which likely contributes to neuroprotective effect of the combination treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jin
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA (R.J., M.W., G.L.)
| | - Adam Y Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport (A.Y.X.)
| | | | - Min Wang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA (R.J., M.W., G.L.)
| | - Guohong Li
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA (R.J., M.W., G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shang S, Liu L, Wu X, Fan F, Hu E, Wang L, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Lu X. Inhibition of PI3Kγ by AS605240 Protects tMCAO Mice by Attenuating Pro-Inflammatory Signaling and Cytokine Release in Reactive Astrocytes. Neuroscience 2019; 415:107-120. [PMID: 31195053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The intense and prolonged inflammatory response after ischemic stroke significantly contributes to the secondary neural injury. PI3Kγ, which is involved in the regulation of vascular permeability, chemotactic leukocyte migration and microglia activation, is a key target for intervention in the inflammatory response. In this study, we identified the protective effect of the PI3Kγ inhibitor AS605240 against stroke-related injury in the mouse model of transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). The results showed that administration of AS605240 could improve the neurological function score, reduce the infarct size and decrease astrocyte activation in the tMCAO mice after injury. The inhibitory effect of AS605240 on microglia activation is relatively clear. Therefore, in this study, the effects of AS605240 on astrocytes were studied in cell cultures. IL-6 and its soluble receptor were used to construct the astrocyte activation model. AS605240 treatment significantly reduced the astrocyte activation markers and the morphological changes of cells. We also identified 13 inflammatory factors whose expression was significantly upregulated by IL-6/sIL-6R and significantly inhibited by AS605240 at the protein level, and seven of those factors were verified at the mRNA level. These results indicated that specific inhibition of PI3Kγ could reduce astrocyte activation induced by inflammation, which might aid the repair and remodeling of neurons in the later stage after ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xingjuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Erling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu S, Cheng M, Fan R, Wang Z, Wang L, Zhang T, Zhang M, Louis E, Zhong J. Beneficial effects of dual TORC1/2 inhibition on chronic experimental colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:88-100. [PMID: 30797172 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM AZD8055, a new immunosuppressive reagent, a dual TORC1/2 inhibitor, had been used successfully in animal models for heart transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of AZD8055 on chronic intestinal inflammation. METHODS Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) - induced chronic colitis was used to investigate the effects of AZD8055 on the development of colitis. Colitis activity was monitored by body weight assessment, colon length, histology and cytokine profile analysis. RESULTS AZD8055 treatment significantly alleviated the severity of colitis, as assessed by colonic length and colonic damage. In addition, AZD8055 treatment decreased the colonic CD4+ T cell numbers and reduced both Th1 and Th17 cell activation and cytokine production. The percentages of Treg cells in the colon were also expanded by AZD8055 treatment. Furthermore, AZD8055 effectively inhibited mTOR downstream proteins and signal transducer and activator of transcription related proteins in CD4+ T cells of intestinal lamina propria. CONCLUSIONS These findings increased our understanding of DSS-induced colitis and shed new lights on mechanisms of digestive tract chronic inflammation. Dual TORC1/2 inhibition showed potent anti-inflammatory and immune regulation effects by targeting critical signaling pathways. The results supported the strategy of using dual mTOR inhibitor to treat inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China; Translational Gastroenterology Research Unit, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Mengmeng Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhengting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Maochen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Edouard Louis
- Translational Gastroenterology Research Unit, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Belgium; Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Unit, University Hospital, CHU Liege, Domaine du Sart Tilman, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
O’Brien S, Patel M, Kahl BS, Horwitz SM, Foss FM, Porcu P, Jones J, Burger J, Jain N, Allen K, Faia K, Douglas M, Stern HM, Sweeney J, Kelly P, Kelly V, Flinn I. Duvelisib, an oral dual PI3K-δ,γ inhibitor, shows clinical and pharmacodynamic activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma in a phase 1 study. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:1318-1326. [PMID: 30094870 PMCID: PMC8260004 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Duvelisib (IPI-145), an oral, dual inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-δ and -γ, was evaluated in a Phase 1 study in advanced hematologic malignancies, which included expansion cohorts in relapsed/refractory (RR) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and treatment-naïve (TN) CLL. Per protocol, TN patients were at least 65 years old or had a del(17p)/TP53 mutation. Duvelisib was administered twice daily (BID) in 28-day cycles at doses of 8-75 mg in RR patients (n = 55) and 25 mg in TN patients (n = 18.) Diarrhea was the most common nonhematologic AE (TN 78%, RR 47%); transaminase elevations the most frequent lab-abnormality AE (TN 33.3%, RR 30.9%); and neutropenia the most common ≥grade 3 AE (RR 44%, TN 33%). The overall response rates were 56.4% for RR patients (1.8% CR, 54.5% PR) and 83.3% for TN patients (all PRs); median response duration was 21.0 months in RR patients but was not reached for TN patients. Based upon phase 1 efficacy, pharmacodynamics, and safety, duvelisib 25 mg BID was selected for further investigation in a phase 3 study in RR CLL/SLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pierluigi Porcu
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey Jones
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jan Burger
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nitin Jain
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kerstin Allen
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kerrie Faia
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Douglas
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Patrick Kelly
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Virginia Kelly
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ian Flinn
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Canonical PI3Kγ signaling in myeloid cells restricts Trypanosoma cruzi infection and dampens chagasic myocarditis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1513. [PMID: 29666415 PMCID: PMC5904108 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and is an important cause of severe inflammatory heart disease. However, the mechanisms driving Chagas disease cardiomyopathy have not been completely elucidated. Here, we show that the canonical PI3Kγ pathway is upregulated in both human chagasic hearts and hearts of acutely infected mice. PI3Kγ-deficient mice and mutant mice carrying catalytically inactive PI3Kγ are more susceptible to T. cruzi infection. The canonical PI3Kγ signaling in myeloid cells is essential to restrict T. cruzi heart parasitism and ultimately to avoid myocarditis, heart damage, and death of mice. Furthermore, high PIK3CG expression correlates with low parasitism in human Chagas’ hearts. In conclusion, these results indicate an essential role of the canonical PI3Kγ signaling pathway in the control of T. cruzi infection, providing further insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of chagasic heart disease. Trypanosoma cruzi infection causes Chagas disease, but mechanisms underlying pathogenesis are unclear. Here, Silva et al. show that canonical PI3Kγ signaling in myeloid cells restricts T. cruzi infection in mice and that high PIK3CG expression correlates with low parasite levels in human Chagas’ hearts.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kondo D, Saegusa H, Tanabe T. Involvement of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ pathway for induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:253-259. [PMID: 29567475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury induces neuropathic pain, which is characterized by the tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. N-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC) plays pivotal roles in the development of neuropathic pain, since mice lacking Cav2.2, the pore-forming subunit of N-type VDCC, show greatly reduced symptoms of both tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Our study on gene expression profiles of the wild-type and N-type VDCC knockout (KO) spinal cord and several pain-related brain regions after spinal nerve ligation (SNL) injury revealed altered expression of genes encoding catalytic subunits of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K). PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling is considered to be very important for cancer development and drugs targeting the molecules in this pathway have been tested in oncology trials. In the present study, we have tested whether the changes in expression of molecules in this pathway in mice having spinal nerve injury are causally related to neuropathic pain. Our results suggest that spinal nerve injury induces activation of N-type VDCC and the following Ca2+ entry through this channel may change the expression of genes encoding PI3K catalytic subunits (p110α and p110γ), Akt, retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) and RXRγ. Furthermore, the blockers of the molecules in this pathway are found to be effective in reducing neuropathic pain both at the spinal and at the supraspinal levels. Thus, the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) pathway would be a hallmark of the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Hironao Saegusa
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Tanabe
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The continuous recirculation of mature lymphocytes and their entry into the peripheral lymph nodes are crucial for the development of an immune response to foreign antigens. Occasionally, the entry and the subsequent response of T lymphocytes in these sites lead to severe inflammation and pathological conditions. Here, we characterized the tetraspanin molecule, CD151, as a regulator of T cell motility in health and in models of inflammatory bowel disease. CD151 formed a cell surface complex with VLA-4 and LFA-1 integrins, and its activation led to enhanced migration of T cells. Picomolar levels of CCL2 that were previously shown to inhibit T-cell migration to lymph nodes suppressed CD151 expression and dissociated CD151-integrin complexes in T lymphocytes, resulting in attenuated migration toward T-cell attractant chemokines. To directly inhibit CD151 function, a truncated CD151 peptide fragment mimicking of the CD151 extracellular loop was designed. CD151 extracellular loop inhibited T-cell migration in vitro and in vivo and attenuated the development of dextrane sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Thus, CD151 is a key orchestrator of T cell motility; interference with its proper function results in attenuated progression of inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lupieri A, Smirnova N, Malet N, Gayral S, Laffargue M. PI3K signaling in arterial diseases: Non redundant functions of the PI3K isoforms. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 59:4-18. [PMID: 26238239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death around the world. This includes atherosclerosis and the adverse effects of its treatment, such as restenosis and thrombotic complications. The development of these arterial pathologies requires a series of highly-intertwined interactions between immune and arterial cells, leading to specific inflammatory and fibroproliferative cellular responses. In the last few years, the study of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) functions has become an attractive area of investigation in the field of arterial diseases, especially since inhibitors of specific PI3K isoforms have been developed. The PI3K family includes 8 members divided into classes I, II or III depending on their substrate specificity. Although some of the different isoforms are responsible for the production of the same 3-phosphoinositides, they each have specific, non-redundant functions as a result of differences in expression levels in different cell types, activation mechanisms and specific subcellular locations. This review will focus on the functions of the different PI3K isoforms that are suspected as having protective or deleterious effects in both the various immune cells and types of cell found in the arterial wall. It will also discuss our current understanding in the context of which PI3K isoform(s) should be targeted for future therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat arterial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Lupieri
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Natalia Smirnova
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Nicole Malet
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Stéphanie Gayral
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang L, Sherchan P, Wang Y, Reis C, Applegate RL, Tang J, Zhang JH. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Gamma Contributes to Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Surgical Brain Injury. J Neurosci 2015; 35:10390-401. [PMID: 26203135 PMCID: PMC4510283 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0546-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of surgical brain injury (SBI). Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ), predominately expressed in immune and endothelial cells, activates multiple inflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated the role of PI3Kγ and PI3Kγ-activated phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) in neuroinflammation in a rat model of SBI. One hundred and fifty-two male Sprague Dawley rats (weight 280-350 g) were subjected to a partial right frontal lobe corticotomy model of SBI. A PI3Kγ pharmacological inhibitor (AS252424 or AS605240) was administered intraperitoneally. PI3Kγ siRNA, human recombinant active-PI3Kγ protein, or human recombinant active-PDE3B protein were administered intracerebroventricularly. Post-SBI assessments included neurobehavioral tests, brain water content, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Endogenous PI3Kγ levels were increased within peri-resection brain tissues after SBI, accompanied by increased brain water content and neurological functional deficits. There was a trend toward increased endogenous PDE3B phosphorylation after SBI. The selective PI3Kγ inhibitors AS252424 and AS605240 reduced brain water content surrounding corticotomy and improved neurological function after SBI. SBI increased and PI3Kγ inhibitor decreased levels of myeloperoxidase, cluster of differentiation 3, mast cell degranulation, E-selectin, and IL-1 in peri-resection brain tissues. Direct administration of human recombinant active-PI3Kγ protein and active-PDE3B protein countered the protective effect of AS252424. PI3Kγ siRNA reduced PI3Kγ levels, decreased brain water content within peri-resection brain tissues, and improved neurological function after SBI. Collectively, our findings suggest that PI3Kγ contributed to neuroinflammation after SBI. The use of selective PI3Kγ inhibitors may be a novel approach to ameliorating SBI via their anti-inflammation effects. Significance statement: Life-saving or elective neurosurgeries often involve unavoidable damages to neighboring, nondiseased brain tissues. Such surgical brain injury (SBI) is attributable exclusively to the neurosurgical procedure itself and may cause postoperative complications that exacerbate neurological function. Although the importance of this medical problem is fully acknowledged, intraoperative administration of adjunctive treatment such as steroids and mannitol to patients undergoing neurosurgery appear not to be efficient remedies for SBI. To date, the issue of perioperative neuroprotection specifically against SBI has not been well studied. Using a clinically relevant rat model of SBI, we are exploring a new neuroprotective strategy targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ). PI3Kγ activates multiple inflammatory responses. By attenuating neuroinflammation, selective PI3Kγ inhibition would limit postoperative complications and benefit neurological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Pharmacology, and
| | | | - Yuechun Wang
- Physiology and Pharmacology, and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Jinan, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | | | | | - John H Zhang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Pharmacology, and Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92354, and
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Través PG, Pimentel-Santillana M, Rico D, Rodriguez N, Miethke T, Castrillo A, Theodorakis EA, Martín-Sanz P, Palladino MA, Boscá L. Anti-inflammatory actions of acanthoic acid-related diterpenes involve activation of the PI3K p110γ/δ subunits and inhibition of NF-κB. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2014; 21:955-66. [PMID: 25065531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of acanthoic acid analogs on the response to proinflammatory challenge was investigated. Some pimarane diterpenes are known activators of the LXRαβ nuclear receptors, but we show here that they also exert a rapid, potent, and selective activation of the p110γ and p110δ subunits of PI3K. Combination of these effects results in an important attenuation of the global transcriptional response to LPS in macrophages. PI3K/Akt activation leads to inhibition of the LPS-dependent stimulation of IKK/NF-κB and p38 and ERK MAPKs. Macrophages from LXRαβ-deficient mice exhibited an inhibition of these pathways similar to the corresponding wild-type cells. Silencing or inhibition of p110γ/δ suppressed the effect of these diterpenes (DTPs) on IKK/NF-κB and MAPKs signaling. Taken together, these data show a multitarget anti-inflammatory mechanism by these DTPs including a selective activation of PI3K isoenzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paqui G Través
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pimentel-Santillana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rico
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodriguez
- Institut of Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institut of Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antonio Castrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emmanuel A Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael A Palladino
- Sierra Mesa Technologies, 3357 Fortuna Ranch Road, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA.
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Smirnova NF, Gayral S, Pedros C, Loirand G, Vaillant N, Malet N, Kassem S, Calise D, Goudounèche D, Wymann MP, Hirsch E, Gadeau AP, Martinez LO, Saoudi A, Laffargue M. Targeting PI3Kγ activity decreases vascular trauma-induced intimal hyperplasia through modulation of the Th1 response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1779-92. [PMID: 25073791 PMCID: PMC4144742 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interventional strategies to treat atherosclerosis, such as transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation, often cause vascular injury. This leads to intimal hyperplasia (IH) formation that induces inflammatory and fibroproliferative processes and ultimately restenosis. We show that phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is a key player in IH formation and is a valid therapeutic target in its prevention/treatment. PI3Kγ-deficient mice and mice expressing catalytically inactive PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ KD) showed reduced arterial occlusion and accumulation of monocytes and T cells around sites of vascular lesion. The transfer of PI3Kγ KD CD4(+) T cells into Rag2-deficient mice greatly reduced vascular occlusion compared with WT cells, clearly demonstrating the involvement of PI3Kγ in CD4(+) T cells during IH formation. In addition we found that IH is associated with increased levels of Th1 and Th17 cytokines. A specific decrease in the Th1 response was observed in the absence of PI3Kγ activity, leading to decreased CXCL10 and RANTES production by smooth muscle cells. Finally, we show that treatment with the PI3Kγ inhibitor AS-605240 is sufficient to decrease IH in both mouse and rat models, reinforcing the therapeutic potential of PI3Kγ inhibition. Altogether, these findings demonstrate a new role for PI3Kγ activity in Th1-controlled IH development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia F Smirnova
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Gayral
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Pedros
- INSERM, UMR1043, F-31300 Toulouse, France UMR CNRS, U5282, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Gervaise Loirand
- INSERM, UMR1087, F-44007 Nantes, France CNRS 6291, F-44007 Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Vaillant
- INSERM, UMR1087, F-44007 Nantes, France CNRS 6291, F-44007 Nantes, France
| | - Nicole Malet
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Sahar Kassem
- INSERM, UMR1043, F-31300 Toulouse, France UMR CNRS, U5282, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Calise
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Goudounèche
- Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France CMEAB, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Laurent O Martinez
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- INSERM, UMR1043, F-31300 Toulouse, France UMR CNRS, U5282, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo X, Jiang X, Xiao Y, Zhou T, Guo Y, Wang R, Zhao Z, Xiao H, Hou C, Ma L, Lin Y, Lang X, Feng J, Chen G, Shen B, Han G, Li Y. IL-17A signaling in colonic epithelial cells inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production by enhancing the activity of ERK and PI3K. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89714. [PMID: 24586980 PMCID: PMC3934915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous data suggested that IL-17A contributes to the inhibition of Th1 cell function in the gut. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that IL-17A signaling in colonic epithelial cells (CECs) increases TNF-α-induced PI3K-AKT and ERK phosphorylation and inhibits TNF-α induced expression of IL-12P35 and of a Th1 cell chemokine, CXCL11 at mRNA level. In a co-culture system using HT-29 cells and PBMCs, IL-17A inhibited TNF-α-induced IL-12P35 expression by HT-29 cells and led to decreased expression of IFN-γ and T-bet by PBMCs. Finally, adoptive transfer of CECs from mice with Crohn's Disease (CD) led to an enhanced Th1 cell response and exacerbated colitis in CD mouse recipients. The pathogenic effect of CECs derived from CD mice was reversed by co-administration of recombinant IL-17A. Our data demonstrate a new IL-17A-mediated regulatory mechanism in CD. A better understanding of this pathway might shed new light on the pathogenesis of CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Guo
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingwei Jiang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueling Guo
- Department of Medical Engineering, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Renxi Wang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Xiao
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Lin
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Lang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Feng
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guojiang Chen
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beifen Shen
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gencheng Han
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ladygina N, Gottipati S, Ngo K, Castro G, Ma JY, Banie H, Rao TS, Fung-Leung WP. PI3Kγ kinase activity is required for optimal T-cell activation and differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:3183-96. [PMID: 24030559 PMCID: PMC4209804 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) is a leukocyte-specific lipid kinase with
signaling function downstream of G protein-coupled receptors to regulate cell trafficking, but its
role in T cells remains unclear. To investigate the requirement of PI3Kγ kinase
activity in T-cell function, we studied T cells from PI3Kγ kinase-dead knock-in
(PI3KγKD/KD) mice expressing the kinase-inactive PI3Kγ protein. We show
that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from
PI3KγKD/KD mice exhibit impaired TCR/CD28-mediated activation that could not be
rescued by exogenous IL-2. The defects in proliferation and cytokine production were also evident in
naïve and memory T cells. Analysis of signaling events in activated
PI3KγKD/KD T cells revealed a reduction in phosphorylation of protein
kinase B (AKT) and ERK1/2, a decrease in lipid raft formation, and a delay in cell cycle
progression. Furthermore, PI3KγKD/KD CD4+ T cells
displayed compromised differentiation toward Th1, Th2, Th17, and induced Treg cells.
PI3KγKD/KD mice also exhibited an impaired response to immunization and a reduced
delayed-type hypersensitivity to Ag challenge. These findings indicate that PI3Kγ kinase
activity is required for optimal T-cell activation and differentiation, as well as for mounting an
efficient T cell-mediated immune response. The results suggest that PI3Kγ kinase
inhibitors could be beneficial in reducing the undesirable immune response in autoimmune
diseases.
Collapse
|
17
|
Morgan ME, Zheng B, Koelink PJ, van de Kant HJG, Haazen LCJM, van Roest M, Garssen J, Folkerts G, Kraneveld AD. New perspective on dextran sodium sulfate colitis: antigen-specific T cell development during intestinal inflammation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69936. [PMID: 23936123 PMCID: PMC3723715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cell responses against oral antigens can develop in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, which may modulate disease. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis is commonly used to study IBD, however, it is not considered the best model in which to study T cell involvement in intestinal disease. Our aim was to determine if antigen-specific T cells could be induced during DSS colitis and if they could be detected after disease resolution. To induce antigen-specific T cells, the tracking antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), was administered orally during colitis initiation. Disease severity was monitored, and the antigen-reactivity of CD4+ T cells examined using CD69 expression. While OVA-directed, CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells could be detected in the spleens of both OVA-treated control and DSS mice, OVA-reactive, CD4+ Foxp3-T cells were only found in the OVA and DSS-treated mice. These results indicate that during DSS colitis T cells develop that are specific against oral antigens, and they are found systemically after colitis resolution. This gives added depth and utility to the DSS model as well as a way to track T cells that are primed against luminal antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Morgan
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Loss of phosphoinositide 3-kinase P110γ is protective in the acute phase but detrimental in the resolution phase of hapten-induced colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:489-500. [PMID: 23282580 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0b013e31827feb84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic ablation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) has been shown to be protective against experimental colitis. However, the role of PI3Kγ in the resolution phase of colitis remains unexplored. In this study, we assess the effects of genetic knockout of PI3Kγ on the induction and resolution of colitis induced by the hapten trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). METHODS Colitis was induced in wild-type C57/Bl6 or PI3Kγ-/- mice by intrarectal administration of 2.5 mg of TNBS in 50% ethanol. Body weights were monitored daily, and colon tissues were collected at days 3, 7, or 14 after treatment, and colitis was assessed using disease activity and histologic damage scores, measurement of tissue myeloperoxidase and neutrophil infiltration, and local cytokine production. RESULTS Mice lacking PI3Kγ were significantly protected from disease during the acute phase (day 3) of TNBS colitis. However, PI3Kγ-/- mice have difficulty resolving acute inflammation because they failed to restore lost weight and had significantly elevated histologic damage scores and tissue myeloperoxidase levels at days 7 and 14 after TNBS administration compared with wild-type controls. This phenomenon was dependent on presensitization with TNBS and seems to involve an inability to clear invading bacteria, resulting in the generation of a persistent inflammatory cytokine response. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that PI3Kγ plays a role in the induction of colitis. However, PI3Kγ is also required for the resolution of intestinal damage following acute inflammation. This must be taken into consideration before the inhibition of PI3Kγ can be used as a treatment for disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cushing TD, Metz DP, Whittington DA, McGee LR. PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ as Targets for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8559-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300847w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Cushing
- Therapeutic
Discovery, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard,
South San Francisco,
California 94080, United States
| | - Daniela P. Metz
- Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., One
Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks,
California 91320, United States
| | - Douglas A. Whittington
- Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02142, United States
| | - Lawrence R. McGee
- Therapeutic
Discovery, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard,
South San Francisco,
California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in intestinal inflammation. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2012; 2012:358476. [PMID: 22570785 PMCID: PMC3337621 DOI: 10.1155/2012/358476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway plays a central role in regulating the host inflammatory response. The net effect can either be pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on the system and cellular context studied. This paper focuses on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in innate and adaptive immune cells of the intestinal mucosa. The role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease is also discussed. With the development of new isoform specific inhibitors, we are beginning to understand the specific role of this complex pathway, in particular the role of the γ isoform in intestinal inflammation. Continued research on this complex pathway will enhance our understanding of its role and provide rationale for the design of new approaches to intervention in chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zaidman-Rémy A, Regan JC, Brandão AS, Jacinto A. The Drosophila larva as a tool to study gut-associated macrophages: PI3K regulates a discrete hemocyte population at the proventriculus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 36:638-647. [PMID: 22085781 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells not only patrol the body in the circulation but also importantly, associate with specific tissues, such as the intestinal epithelium. The complex interactions between immune cells and their target tissues are difficult to study and simple, genetically tractable models are lacking. Here, we present the first thorough characterization of gut-associated macrophages in Drosophila larvae. We analyze their gene expression, morphology, development and lineage and importantly, demonstrate that they are functional (phagocytic) macrophages. We test their regulation by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and show evidence that this pathway regulates the population size of gut hemocytes and their phagocytic activity, reminiscent of recent findings in mammalian colitis models. Our data suggest that PI3K signaling modifies the adhesive properties of hemocytes, a possible mechanism for gut-hemocyte regulation. These results demonstrate the potential of the Drosophila larva as a simple tool to uncover mechanisms regulating recruitment and maintenance of innate immune cells at their target tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zaidman-Rémy
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dutra RC, Cola M, Leite DFP, Bento AF, Claudino RF, Nascimento AFZ, Leal PC, Calixto JB. Inhibitor of PI3Kγ ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis in mice by affecting the functional activity of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:358-74. [PMID: 21244371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ (PI3Kγ) is implicated in many pathophysiological conditions, and recent evidence has suggested its involvement in colitis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of AS605240, a relatively selective PI3Kγ inhibitor, in experimental colitis and its underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Acute colitis was induced in mice by treatment with trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS), and the effect of AS605240 on colonic injury was assessed. Pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured by immunohistochemistry, elisa, real time-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. KEY RESULTS Oral administration of AS605240 significantly attenuated TNBS-induced acute colitis and diminished the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor. The colonic levels and expression of IL-1β, CXCL-1/KC, MIP-2 and TNF-α were also reduced following therapeutic treatment with AS605240. Moreover, AS605240 reduced MIP-2 levels in a culture of neutrophils stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. The mechanisms underlying these actions of AS605240 are related to nuclear factor-κ (NF-κB) inhibition. Importantly, the PI3Kγ inhibitor also up-regulated IL-10, CD25 and FoxP3 expression. In addition, a significant increase in CD25 and FoxP3 expression was found in isolated lamina propria CD4+ T cells of AS605240-treated mice. The effect of AS605240 on Treg induction was further confirmed by showing that concomitant in vivo blockade of IL-10R significantly attenuated its therapeutic activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that AS605240 protects mice against TNBS-induced colitis by inhibiting multiple inflammatory components through the NF-κB pathway while simultaneously inducing an increase in the functional activity of CD4+CD25+ Treg. Thus, AS605240 may offer a promising new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R C Dutra
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Queiroz KCS, Van 't Veer C, Van Den Berg Y, Duitman J, Versteeg HH, Aberson HL, Groot AP, Verstege MI, Roelofs JJTH, Te Velde AA, Spek CA. Tissue factor-dependent chemokine production aggravates experimental colitis. Mol Med 2011; 17:1119-26. [PMID: 21717035 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is traditionally known as the initiator of blood coagulation, but TF also plays an important role in inflammatory processes. Considering the pivotal role of coagulation in inflammatory bowel disease, we assessed whether genetic ablation of TF limits experimental colitis. To this end, wild-type and TF-deficient (TFlow) mice were treated with 1.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 d, and effects on disease severity, cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment were examined. Clinical and histological parameters showed that the severity of colitis was reduced in both heterozygous and homozygous TFlow mice compared with controls. Most notably, edema, granulocyte numbers at the site of inflammation and cytokine levels were reduced in TFlow mice. Although anticoagulant treatment with dalteparin of wild-type mice reduced local fibrin production and cytokine levels to a similar extent as in TFlow mice, it did not affect clinical and histological parameters of experimental colitis. Mechanistic studies revealed that TF expression did not influence the intrinsic capacity of granulocytes to migrate. Instead, TF enhanced granulocyte migration into the colon by inducing high levels of the granulocyte chemoattractant keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC). Taken together, our data indicate that TF plays a detrimental role in experimental colitis by signal transduction-dependent KC production in colon epithelial cells, thereby provoking granulocyte influx with subsequent inflammation and organ damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla C S Queiroz
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Weisser SB, Brugger HK, Voglmaier NS, McLarren KW, van Rooijen N, Sly LM. SHIP-deficient, alternatively activated macrophages protect mice during DSS-induced colitis. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 90:483-92. [PMID: 21685246 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0311124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
mϕ are heterogeneous in their functions, and although it is clear that inflammatory mϕ contribute to inflammation in IBDs, multiple lines of evidence suggest that M2a mϕ may offer protection during intestinal inflammation. In vivo SHIP-deficient mouse mϕ are M2a so SHIP-deficient mice provide a unique genetic model of M2a mϕ. Based on this, this study tested the hypothesis that SHIP-deficient, M2a mϕ protect mice from intestinal inflammation. The objectives were to compare the susceptibility of SHIP+/+ and SHIP-/- littermates with DSS-induced intestinal inflammation and to determine whether protection was mϕ-mediated and whether protection could be transferred to a susceptible host. We have found that SHIP-/- mice are protected during DSS-induced intestinal inflammation. SHIP-/- mice have delayed rectal bleeding and reduced weight loss, disruption of intestinal architecture, and immune cell infiltration during DSS-induced colitis relative to their WT littermates. Using liposome depletion of mϕ, we found that SHIP-/- mouse protection was indeed mϕ-mediated. Finally, we determined that SHIP-/- mϕ-mediated protection could be conferred to susceptible WT mice by adoptive transfer of M2a mϕ derived ex vivo. This study supports our hypothesis by demonstrating that SHIP-deficient, M2a mϕ are protective in this murine model of acute intestinal inflammation. Adoptive transfer of M2a mϕ to patients with IBDs offers a promising, new strategy for treatment that may be particularly useful in patients who are otherwise refractory to conventional therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley B Weisser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|