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DT389-YP7, a Recombinant Immunotoxin against Glypican-3 That Inhibits Hepatocellular Cancer Cells: An In Vitro Study. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110749. [PMID: 34822533 PMCID: PMC8617615 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the high-metastatic types of cancer, and metastasis occurs in one-third of patients with HCC. To maintain the effectiveness of drug compounds on cancer cells and minimize their side effects on normal cells, it is important to use new approaches for overcoming malignancies. Immunotoxins (ITs), an example of such a new approach, are protein-structured compounds consisting of toxic and binding moieties which can specifically bind to cancer cells and efficiently induce cell death. Here, we design and scrutinize a novel immunotoxin against an oncofetal marker on HCC cells. We applied a truncated diphtheria toxin (DT389) without binding domain as a toxin moiety to be fused with a humanized YP7 scFv against a high-expressed Glypican-3 (GPC3) antigen on the surface of HCC cells. Cytotoxic effects of this IT were investigated on HepG2 (GPC3+) and SkBr3 (GPC3−) cell lines as positive- and negative-expressed GPC3 antigens. The dissociation constant (Kd) was calculated 11.39 nM and 18.02 nM for IT and YP7 scfv, respectively, whereas only IT showed toxic effects on the HepG2 cell line, and decreased cell viability (IC50 = 848.2 ng/mL). Changing morphology (up to 85%), cell cycle arrest at G2 phase (up to 13%), increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROSs) (up to 50%), inducing apoptosis (up to 38% for apoptosis and 23% for necrosis), and an almost complete inhibition of cell movement were other effects of immunotoxin treatment on HepG2 cells, not on SkBr3 cell line. These promising results reveal that this new recombinant immunotoxin can be considered as an option as an HCC inhibitor. However, more extensive studies are needed to accomplish this concept.
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Immunotoxins Immunotherapy against Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Promising Prospect. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100719. [PMID: 34679012 PMCID: PMC8538445 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Therefore, fighting against such cancer is reasonable. Chemotherapy drugs are sometimes inefficient and often accompanied by undesirable side effects for patients. On the other hand, the emergence of chemoresistant HCC emphasizes the need for a new high-efficiency treatment strategy. Immunotoxins are armed and rigorous targeting agents that can purposefully kill cancer cells. Unlike traditional chemotherapeutics, immunotoxins because of targeted toxicity, insignificant cross-resistance, easy production, and other favorable properties can be ideal candidates against HCC. In this review, the characteristics of proper HCC-specific biomarkers for immunotoxin targeting were dissected. After that, the first to last immunotoxins developed for the treatment of liver cancer were discussed. So, by reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of these immunotoxins, we attempted to provide keynotes for designing an optimal immunotoxin against HCC.
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Jiang W, Li T, Guo J, Wang J, Jia L, Shi X, Yang T, Jiao R, Wei X, Feng Z, Tang Q, Ji G. Bispecific c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T Cells Have Enhanced Therapeutic Effects on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:546586. [PMID: 33777728 PMCID: PMC7987916 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.546586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors, especially CD19 CAR-T cells have exhibited effective antitumor activities in B cell malignancies, but due to several factors such as antigen escape effects and tumor microenvironment, their curative potential in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been encouraging. To reduce the antigen escape risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, this study was to design and construct a bispecific CAR targeting c-Met and PD-L1. c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T cells were obtained by lentiviral transfection, and the transfection efficiency was monitored by flow cytometry analysis. LDH release assays were used to elucidate the efficacy of c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T cells on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In addition, xenograft models bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma were constructed to detect the antitumor effect of c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T cells in vivo. The results shown that this bispecific CAR was manufactured successfully, T cells modified with this bispecific CAR demonstrated improved antitumor activities against c-Met and PD-L1 positive hepatocellular carcinoma cells when compared with those of monovalent c-Met CAR-T cells or PD-L1 CAR-T cells but shown no distinct cytotoxicity on hepatocytes in vitro. In vivo experiments shown that c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T cells significantly inhibited tumor growth and improve survival persistence compared with other groups. These results suggested that the design of single-chain, bi-specific c-Met/PD-L1 CAR-T is more effective than that of monovalent c-Met CAR-T for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma., and this bi-specific c-Met/PD-L1 CAR is rational and implementable with current T-cell engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhou Jia
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruonan Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guozhong Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Yin Y, Guo J, Teng F, Yu L, Jiang Y, Xie K, Jiang M, Fang J. Preparation of a Novel One-Armed Anti-c-Met Antibody with Antitumor Activity Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:4173-4184. [PMID: 31849449 PMCID: PMC6911325 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s224491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Antibody-based c-mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (c-Met) inhibition is a promising strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, but the intrinsic agonistic activity of the anti-c-Met antibody limits its application in drug development. Constructing a monovalent one-armed antibody has been reported to be an effective way to create an inhibitory anti-c-Met antibody. Materials and methods In the present study, a novel monovalent one-armed anti-c-Met antibody was constructed using the knobs-into-holes technology, and its inhibitory effects against HCC and the underlying mechanisms were explored. Results The one-armed anti-c-Met antibody blocked the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met interaction and the subsequent signal transduction, including phosphorylation of c-Met, Grb2-associated binding protein 1(Gab-1), extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2(Erk1/2), and Akt, also referred to as protein kinase B (PKB) in HCC cell line HepG2. Furthermore, the autocrine stimulation of HepG2 cell proliferation and HGF-induced HCC cell migration were strongly inhibited by the one-armed anti-c-Met antibody. In addition, the antibody also reduced the HGF-induced proliferation and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treating HepG2-bearing mice with the one-armed anti-c-Met antibody significantly inhibited the tumor growth in the xenograft nude mouse model. Conclusion The one-armed anti-c-Met antibody derived from the full-length bivalent anti-c-Met antibody might serve as a potential antitumor agent against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Yin
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China.,Biomedical Research Center, Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China.,Biomedical Research Center, Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215101, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China.,Biomedical Research Center, Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215101, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Yu
- Biomedical Research Center, Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Biomedical Research Center, Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215101, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China.,Biomedical Research Center, Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Fang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China.,Biomedical Research Center, Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215101, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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Mao Y, Wang X, Zheng F, Wang C, Tang Q, Tang X, Xu N, Zhang H, Zhang D, Xiong L, Liang J, Zhu J. The tumor-inhibitory effectiveness of a novel anti-Trop2 Fab conjugate in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24810-23. [PMID: 27050150 PMCID: PMC5029744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human trophoblastic cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) has been reported to act oncogenically. In this study, one-step quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis with were employed to evaluate the relationship between Trop2 expression and the clinicopathological features of patients with PC. Then a novel anti-Trop2 Fab antibody was conjugated with Doxorubicin (DOX) to form Trop2Fab-DOX, an antibody-drug conjugate. This Trop2Fab-DOX conjugate was characterized by cell ELISA and immunofluorescence assay. MTT and wound healing analyses were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Trop2Fab-DOX on PC cell growth in vitro, while xenograft nude mice model was established to examine the tumor-inhibitory effects of PC in vivo. High Trop2 expression was observed in PC tissues and Trop2 expression was associated with several malignant attributes of PC patients, including overall survival. Trop2Fab-DOX can bind to the Trop2-expressing PC cells and provide an improved releasing type of DOX. In addition, Trop2Fab-DOX inhibited the proliferation and suppressed the migration of PC cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, while inhibited the growth of PC xenografts in vivo. Trop2 is a specific marker for PC, and a novel Trop2Fab-DOX ADC has a potent antitumor activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Mao
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China.,Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Changjun Wang
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanjing Maternal and Children Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi Nanjing Maternal and Children Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China.,Department of Pathology and The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Qamsari ES, Sharifzadeh Z, Bagheri S, Riazi-Rad F, Younesi V, Abolhassani M, Ghaderi SS, Baradaran B, Somi MH, Yousefi M. Isolation and characterization of anti c-met single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies. J Immunotoxicol 2017; 14:23-30. [PMID: 28090795 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2016.1251512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Met is the cell surface receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) involved in invasive growth programs during embryogenesis and tumorgenesis. There is compelling evidence suggesting important roles for c-Met in colorectal cancer proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and survival. Hence, a molecular inhibitor of an extracellular domain of c-Met receptor that blocks c-Met-cell surface interactions could be of great thera-peutic importance. In an attempt to develop molecular inhibitors of c-Met, single chain variable fragment (scFv) phage display libraries Tomlinson I + J against a specific synthetic oligopeptide from the extracellular domain of c-Met receptor were screened; selected scFv were then characterized using various immune techniques. Three c-Met specific scFv (ES1, ES2, and ES3) were selected following five rounds of panning procedures. The scFv showed specific binding to c-Met receptor, and significantly inhibited proliferation responses of a human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT-116). Moreover, anti- apoptotic effects of selected scFv antibodies on the HCT-116 cell line were also evaluated using Annexin V/PI assays. The results demonstrated rates of apoptotic cell death of 46.0, 25.5, and 37.8% among these cells were induced by use of ES1, ES2, and ES3, respectively. The results demonstrated ability to successfully isolate/char-acterize specific c-Met scFv that could ultimately have a great therapeutic potential in immuno-therapies against (colorectal) cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Safaie Qamsari
- a Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Department of Immunology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Immunology Department, Hybridoma Laboratory , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Sharifzadeh
- c Immunology Department, Hybridoma Laboratory , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Salman Bagheri
- a Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Department of Immunology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Immunology Department, Hybridoma Laboratory , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farhad Riazi-Rad
- d Department of Immunology , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Vahid Younesi
- e Monoclonal Anti-body Research Center , Avicenna Research Institute , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohsen Abolhassani
- c Immunology Department, Hybridoma Laboratory , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sepideh Safaei Ghaderi
- f Department of Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- a Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- g Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- g Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Chen X, Ding G, Gao Q, Sun J, Zhang Q, Du L, Qiu Z, Wang C, Zheng F, Sun B, Ni J, Feng Z, Zhu J. A human anti-c-Met Fab fragment conjugated with doxorubicin as targeted chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63093. [PMID: 23675455 PMCID: PMC3652865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Met is over-expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) but is absent or expressed at low levels in normal tissues. Therefore we generated a novel conjugate of a human anti-c-Met Fab fragment (MetFab) with doxorubicin (DOX) and assessed whether it had targeted antitumor activity against HCC and reduced the side-effects of DOX. The MetFab was screened from human phage library, conjugated with DOX via chemical synthesis, and the conjugation MetFab-DOX was confirmed by HPLC. The drug release patterns, the binding efficacy, and cellular distribution of MetFab-DOX were assessed. MetFab-DOX was stable at pH7.2 PBS while release doxorubicin quickly at pH4.0, the binding efficacy of MetFab-DOX was similarly as MetFab, and the cellular distribution of the MetFab-DOX is distinct from free DOX. The cytotoxicity of MetFab-DOX was analyzed by the MTT method and the nude mouse HCC model. The MetFab-DOX demonstrated cytotoxic effects on c-Met expressing-tumor cells, but not on the cells without c-Met expression. MetFab-DOX exerted anti-tumor effect and significantly reduced the side effect of free DOX in mice model. Furthermore, the localization of conjugate was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining of tumor tissue sections and optical tumor imaging, respectively, and the tissue-distribution of drug was compared between free DOX and MetFab-DOX treatment by spectrofluorometer. MetFab-DOX can localize to the tumor tissue, and the concentration of doxorubicin in the tumor was higher after MetFab-DOX administration than after DOX administration. In summary, MetFab-DOX can target c-Met expressing HCC cells effectively and have obvious antitumor activity with decreased side-effects in preclinical models of HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Doxorubicin/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Stability
- Gene Expression
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Immunoconjugates/chemistry
- Immunoconjugates/genetics
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Peptide Library
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guipeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qihe Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijian Du
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenning Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changjun Wang
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention & Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (ZF); (JZ)
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (ZF); (JZ)
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