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Vaněk O, Kalousková B, Abreu C, Nejadebrahim S, Skořepa O. Natural killer cell-based strategies for immunotherapy of cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 129:91-133. [PMID: 35305726 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a family of lymphocytes with a natural ability to kill infected, harmed, or malignantly transformed cells. As these cells are part of the innate immunity, the cytotoxic mechanisms are activated upon recognizing specific patterns without prior antigen sensitization. This recognition is crucial for NK cell function in the maintenance of homeostasis and immunosurveillance. NK cells not only act directly toward malignant cells but also participate in the complex immune response by producing cytokines or cross-talk with other immune cells. Cancer may be seen as a break of all immune defenses when malignant cells escape the immunity and invade surrounding tissues creating a microenvironment supporting tumor progression. This process may be reverted by intervening immune response with immunotherapy, which may restore immune recognition. NK cells are important effector cells for immunotherapy. They may be used for adoptive cell transfer, genetically modified with chimeric antigen receptors, or triggered with appropriate antibodies and other antibody-fragment-based recombinant therapeutic proteins tailored specifically for NK cell engagement. NK cell receptors, responsible for target recognition and activation of cytotoxic response, could also be targeted in immunotherapy, for example, by various bi-, tri-, or multi-specific fusion proteins designed to bridge the gap between tumor markers present on target cells and activation receptors expressed on NK cells. However, this kind of immunoactive therapeutics may be developed only with a deep functional and structural knowledge of NK cell receptor: ligand interactions. This review describes the recent developments in the fascinating protein-engineering field of NK cell immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Kalousková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Celeste Abreu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shiva Nejadebrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Skořepa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Peng D, Wen Y, Bi S, Huang C, Yang J, Guo Z, Huang W, Zhu J, Yu R, Song L. A new GlcNAc-containing polysaccharide from Morchella importuna fruiting bodies: Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1134-1149. [PMID: 34656541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the purification and characterization of a new immunomodulatory GlcNAc-containing polysaccharide (MIPB70-1) from Morchella importuna with molecular weights of 20.6 kDa. Structural analysis indicated that MIPB70-1 was composed of GlcNAc:Gal:Glc:Man with molar ratios of 1.00:7.16:5.54:5.61, and its primary structure was characterized as a repeating unit consisting of →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→, α-D-Galp-(1→, β-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →4)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →2)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →2,3,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→. Immunological assays indicated that MIPB70-1 enhanced the phagocytic function and promoted the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) as well as cytokines through targeting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on macrophage membrane and activating the downstream signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. MIPB70-1 regulated mouse immunity to counteract the immune damage caused by the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide (CTX) in vivo. Furthermore, MIPB70-1 enhanced the anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin (DOX) and inhibited the growth of tumors, by immunomodulation in the orthotopic murine model of 4T1 breast cancer. These results demonstrate the potential of this GlcNAc-containing polysaccharide as an immune enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yao Wen
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sixue Bi
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhongyi Guo
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weijuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Křivohlavá R, Grobárová V, Neuhöferová E, Fišerová A, Benson V. Interaction of colon cancer cells with glycoconjugates triggers complex changes in gene expression, glucose transporters and cell invasion. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5508-5517. [PMID: 29393416 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan metabolism balance is critical for cell prosperity, and macromolecule glycosylation is essential for cell communication, signaling and survival. Thus, glycotherapy may be a potential cancer treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine whether combined synthetic glycoconjugates (GCs) induce changes in gene expression that alter the survival of colon cancer cells. The current study evaluated the effect of the GCs N‑acetyl‑D‑glucosamine modified polyamidoamine dendrimer and calix[4]arene scaffold on cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and sensitivity to immune cell‑mediated killing. Using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the expression of genes involved in the aforementioned processes was measured. It was determined that GCs reduce the expression of the glucosaminyltransferases Mgat3 and Mgat5 responsible for surface glycosylation and employed components of the Wnt signaling pathway Wnt2B and Wnt9B. In addition, the calix[4]arene‑based GC reduced cell colony formation; this was accompanied by the downregulation of the metalloproteinase Mmp3. By contrast, the dendrimer‑based GC affected the expression of the glucose transporter components Sglt1 and Egfr1. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to reveal that N‑acetyl‑D‑glucosamine‑dendrimer/calix[4]arene GCs alter mRNA expression in a comprehensive way, resulting in the reduced malignant phenotype of the colon cancer cell line HT‑29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Křivohlavá
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Valika Grobárová
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Neuhöferová
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Fišerová
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Benson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Poupot M, Turrin CO, Caminade AM, Fournié JJ, Attal M, Poupot R, Fruchon S. Poly(phosphorhydrazone) dendrimers: yin and yang of monocyte activation for human NK cell amplification applied to immunotherapy against multiple myeloma. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:2321-2330. [PMID: 27498187 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in anti-cancer and anti-viral immunity, but their selective amplification in vitro is extremely tedious to achieve and remains one of the most challenging problems to solve for efficient NK cell-based immuno-therapeutic treatments against malignant diseases. Here we report that, when added to ex vivo culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers or from cancer patients with multiple myeloma, poly (phosphorhydrazone) dendrimers capped with amino-bis(methylene phosphonate) end groups enable the efficient proliferation of NK cells with anti-cancer cytotoxicity in vivo. We also show that the amplification of the NK population relies on the preliminary activation of monocytes in the framework of a multistep cross-talk between monocytes and NK cells before the proliferation thereof. Thus poly(phosphorhydrazone) dendrimers represent a novel class of extremely promising drugs to develop NK-cell based anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Poupot
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France
| | - Michel Attal
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopôle, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France
| | - Rémy Poupot
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France
| | - Séverine Fruchon
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France.
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Skálová T, Bláha J, Harlos K, Dušková J, Koval’ T, Stránský J, Hašek J, Vaněk O, Dohnálek J. Four crystal structures of human LLT1, a ligand of human NKR-P1, in varied glycosylation and oligomerization states. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2015; 71:578-91. [PMID: 25760607 PMCID: PMC4356368 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714027928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Human LLT1 is a C-type lectin-like ligand of NKR-P1 (CD161, gene KLRB1), a C-type lectin-like receptor of natural killer cells. Using X-ray diffraction, the first experimental structures of human LLT1 were determined. Four structures of LLT1 under various conditions were determined: monomeric, dimeric deglycosylated after the first N-acetylglucosamine unit in two forms and hexameric with homogeneous GlcNAc2Man5 glycosylation. The dimeric form follows the classical dimerization mode of human CD69. The monomeric form keeps the same fold with the exception of the position of an outer part of the long loop region. The hexamer of glycosylated LLT1 consists of three classical dimers. The hexameric packing may indicate a possible mode of interaction of C-type lectin-like proteins in the glycosylated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Skálová
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bláha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Karl Harlos
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, England
| | - Jarmila Dušková
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Koval’
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stránský
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Hašek
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dohnálek
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha 6, Czech Republic
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Rozbeský D, Ivanova L, Hernychová L, Grobárová V, Novák P, Černý J. Nkrp1 family, from lectins to protein interacting molecules. Molecules 2015; 20:3463-78. [PMID: 25690298 PMCID: PMC6272133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20023463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin-like receptors include the Nkrp1 protein family that regulates the activity of natural killer (NK) cells. Rat Nkrp1a was reported to bind monosaccharide moieties in a Ca2+-dependent manner in preference order of GalNac > GlcNAc >> Fuc >> Gal > Man. These findings established for rat Nkrp1a have been extrapolated to all additional Nkrp1 receptors and have been supported by numerous studies over the past two decades. However, since 1996 there has been controversy and another article showed lack of interactions with saccharides in 1999. Nevertheless, several high affinity saccharide ligands were synthesized in order to utilize their potential in antitumor therapy. Subsequently, protein ligands were introduced as specific binders for Nkrp1 proteins and three dimensional models of receptor/protein ligand interaction were derived from crystallographic data. Finally, for at least some members of the NK cell C-type lectin-like proteins, the “sweet story” was impaired by two reports in recent years. It has been shown that the rat Nkrp1a and CD69 do not bind saccharide ligands such as GlcNAc, GalNAc, chitotetraose and saccharide derivatives (GlcNAc-PAMAM) do not directly and specifically influence cytotoxic activity of NK cells as it was previously described.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/chemistry
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/chemistry
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Male
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B/chemistry
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B/immunology
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B/metabolism
- Oligosaccharides/chemistry
- Oligosaccharides/immunology
- Oligosaccharides/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rozbeský
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 414220, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 212843, Czech Republic.
| | - Ljubina Ivanova
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 414220, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Hernychová
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 414220, Czech Republic.
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 212843, Czech Republic.
| | - Valéria Grobárová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 212843, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Novák
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 414220, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 212843, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Černý
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 212843, Czech Republic.
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Appelhans D, Klajnert-Maculewicz B, Janaszewska A, Lazniewska J, Voit B. Dendritic glycopolymers based on dendritic polyamine scaffolds: view on their synthetic approaches, characteristics and potential for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3968-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00339j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The potential of dendritic glycopolymers based on dendritic polyamine scaffolds for biomedical applications is presented and compared with that of the structurally related anti-adhesive dendritic glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- 90-236 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Anna Janaszewska
- Department of General Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- 90-236 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Department of General Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- 90-236 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers
- Technische Universität Dresden
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Chang S, Kohrt H, Maecker HT. Monitoring the immune competence of cancer patients to predict outcome. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:713-9. [PMID: 24487923 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new era of cancer immunotherapy has brought not only successful cancer vaccines but also immunomodulators, such as those that target checkpoint blockade in order to induce endogenous host immune responses. However, the immune system of cancer patients can be compromised through multiple means, including immune suppression by the tumor and by prior therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation. Therefore, a comprehensive means of assessing patient immunocompetence would seem helpful for determining whether patients are ready to benefit from immunotherapy, and perhaps even which immunotherapy might be most appropriate for them. Unfortunately, there are no standardized tests for immune competence, nor is there agreement on what to measure and what will be predictive of outcome. In this review, we will discuss the technologies and assays that might be most useful for this purpose. We argue for a comprehensive approach that should maximize the chances of developing predictive biomarkers for eventual clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Chang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Fairchild Science Building, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5124, USA
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