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Liu C, Raab M, Gui Y, Rudd CE. Multi-functional adaptor SKAP1: regulator of integrin activation, the stop-signal, and the proliferation of T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192838. [PMID: 37325633 PMCID: PMC10264576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell activation is a complex process involving a network of kinases and downstream molecular scaffolds or adaptors that integrate surface signals with effector functions. One key immune-specific adaptor is Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 1 (SKAP1), which is also known as src kinase-associated protein of 55 kDa (SKAP55). This mini-review explains how SKAP1 plays multiple roles in regulating integrin activation, the "stop-signal", and the optimization of the cell cycling of proliferating T cells through interactions with various mediators, including the Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Ongoing research on SKAP1 and its binding partners will likely provide important insights into the regulation of immune function and have implications for the development of new treatments for disease states such as cancer and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Faculté de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de Recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yirui Gui
- Faculté de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de Recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher E. Rudd
- Faculté de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de Recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ding Y, Yang Y, Xue L. Immune cells and their related genes provide a new perspective on the common pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1137523. [PMID: 37063924 PMCID: PMC10101339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe close relationship between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been supported by many aspects, including but not limited to clinical manifestations, epidemiology and pathogenesis. Some evidence suggests that immune cells actively participated in the pathogenesis of both diseases. However, information on which cells are primarily involved in this process and how these cells mobilize, migrate and interact is still limited.MethodsDatasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Common differentially expressed genes (coDEGs) were identified by package “limma”. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) were used to analyze the interactions between coDEGs. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and inverse cumulative distribution function were applied to identify common differential pathways, while Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to confirm the significance. Correlation analysis between coDEGs and immune cells led to the identification of critical immune-cell-related coDEGs. The diagnostic models were established based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify the ability of the model. Validation datasets were imported to demonstrate the significant association of coDEGs with specific immune cells and the capabilities of the diagnostic model.ResultsIn total, 67 genes were up-regulated and 185 genes were down-regulated in both diseases. Four down-regulated pathways and four up-regulated pathways were considered important. Up-regulated coDEGs were firmly associated with neutrophils, while down-regulated genes were significantly associated with CD8+ T−cells and CD4+ T−cells in both AS and IBD datasets. Five up-regulated and six down-regulated key immue-cell-related coDEGs were identified. Diagnostic models based on key immue-cell-related coDEGs were established and tested. Validation datasets confirmed the significance of the correlation between coDEGs and specific immune cells.ConclusionThis study provides fresh insights into the co-pathogenesis of AS and IBD. It is proposed that neutrophils and T cells may be actively involved in this process, however, in opposite ways. The immue-cell-related coDEGs, revealed in this study, may be relevant to their regulation, although relevant research is still lacking.
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Zhang Z, He Y, Lin R, Lan J, Fan Y, Wang P, Jia C. Identification of Important Modules and Biomarkers That Are Related to Immune Infiltration Cells in Severe Burns Based on Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:908510. [PMID: 35754830 PMCID: PMC9218676 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.908510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunosuppression is an important trigger for infection and a significant cause of death in patients with severe burns. Nevertheless, the prognostic value of immune-related genes remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the biomarkers related to immunosuppression in severe burns. Methods: The gene expression profile and clinical data of 185 burn and 75 healthy samples were obtained from the GEO database. Immune infiltration analysis and gene set variation analysis were utilized to identify the disorder of circulating immune cells. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was carried out to select immune-related gene modules. Enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were performed to select hub genes. Next, LASSO and logistic regression were utilized to construct the hazard regression model with a survival state. Finally, we investigated the correlation between high- and low-risk patients in total burn surface area (TBSA), age, and inhalation injury. Results: Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and immune infiltration analysis showed that neutrophils increased and T cells decreased in severe burns. In WGCNA, four modular differently expressed in burns and controls were related to immune cells. Based on PPI and enrichment analysis, 210 immune-related genes were identified, mainly involved in T-cell inhibition and neutrophil activation. In LASSO and logistic regression, we screened out key genes, including LCK, SKAP1 and GZMB, and LY9. In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of key genes was 0.945, indicating that the key genes had excellent diagnostic value. Finally, we discovered that the key genes were related to T cells, and the regression model performed well when accompanied by TBSA and age. Conclusion: We identified LCK, SKAP1, GZMB, and LY9 as good prognostic biomarkers that may play a role in post-burn immunosuppression against T-cell dysfunction and as potential immunotherapeutic targets for transformed T-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic and Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Burns and Plastic and Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rongjie Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junhong Lan
- Department of Burns and Plastic and Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yueying Fan
- Department of Burns and Plastic and Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic and Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Burns and Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chiyu Jia
- Department of Burns and Plastic and Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Chen Y, Su Z, Liu F. Effects of functionally diverse calpain system on immune cells. Immunol Res 2021; 69:8-17. [PMID: 33483937 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are a family of nonlysosomal cysteine proteases, which play important roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Locations of them dictates the functions so that they are classified as ubiquitously expressed calpains and tissue-specific calpains. Recent studies are mainly focused on conventional calpains (calpain-1,2) in development and diseases, and increasing people pay attention to other subtypes of calpains but may not been summarized appropriately. Growing evidence suggests that calpains are also involved in immune regulation. However, seldom articles review the regulation of calpains on immune cells. The aim of this article is to review the research progress of each calpain isozyme and the effect of calpains on immune cells, especially the promotion effect of calpains on the immune response of macrophage, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, natural killed cells, and lymphocytes. These effects would hold great promise for the clinical application of calpains as a practicable therapeutic option in the treatment of immune related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Fang Liu
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Waldt N, Seifert A, Demiray YE, Devroe E, Turk BE, Reichardt P, Mix C, Reinhold A, Freund C, Müller AJ, Schraven B, Stork O, Kliche S. Filamin A Phosphorylation at Serine 2152 by the Serine/Threonine Kinase Ndr2 Controls TCR-Induced LFA-1 Activation in T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2852. [PMID: 30568657 PMCID: PMC6290345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrin LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) plays a critical role in the interaction of T cells with antigen presenting cells (APCs) to promote lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation. This integrin can be present either in a closed or in an open active conformation and its activation upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation is a critical step to allow interaction with APCs. In this study we demonstrate that the serine/threonine kinase Ndr2 is critically involved in the initiation of TCR-mediated LFA-1 activation (open conformation) in T cells. Ndr2 itself becomes activated upon TCR stimulation and phosphorylates the intracellular integrin binding partner Filamin A (FLNa) at serine 2152. This phosphorylation promotes the dissociation of FLNa from LFA-1, allowing for a subsequent association of Talin and Kindlin-3 which both stabilize the open conformation of LFA-1. Our data suggest that Ndr2 activation is a crucial step to initiate TCR-mediated LFA-1 activation in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Waldt
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anke Seifert
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yunus Emre Demiray
- Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eric Devroe
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Benjamin E Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Peter Reichardt
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Charlie Mix
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annegret Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Protein Biochemistry Group, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas J Müller
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Intravital Microscopy of Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Immune Control Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oliver Stork
- Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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LFA-1 activates focal adhesion kinases FAK1/PYK2 to generate LAT-GRB2-SKAP1 complexes that terminate T-cell conjugate formation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16001. [PMID: 28699640 PMCID: PMC5510181 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) affinity and avidity changes have been assumed to mediate adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 for T-cell conjugation to dendritic cells (DC). Although the T-cell receptor (TCR) and LFA-1 can generate intracellular signals, the immune cell adaptor protein linker for the activation of T cells (LAT) couples the TCR to downstream events. Here, we show that LFA-1 can mediate both adhesion and de-adhesion, dependent on receptor clustering. Although increased affinity mediates adhesion, LFA-1 cross-linking induced the association and activation of the protein-tyrosine kinases FAK1/PYK1 that phosphorylated LAT selectively on a single Y-171 site for the binding to adaptor complex GRB-2-SKAP1. LAT-GRB2-SKAP1 complexes were distinct from canonical LAT-GADs-SLP-76 complexes. LFA-1 cross-linking increased the presence of LAT-GRB2-SKAP1 complexes relative to LAT-GADs-SLP-76 complexes. LFA-1-FAK1 decreased T-cell-dendritic cell (DC) dwell times dependent on LAT-Y171, leading to reduced DO11.10 T cell binding to DCs and proliferation to OVA peptide. Overall, our findings outline a new model for LFA-1 in which the integrin can mediate both adhesion and de-adhesion events dependent on receptor cross-linking. The T-cell integrin LFA-1 binds ICAM-1 on antigen presenting cells to affect TCR-MHC interactions. Here the authors show detailed mechanics of how LFA-1 ligation affects T-cell conjugation to dendritic cells to regulate adhesion and de-adhesion of these cells in the context of antigen presentation.
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D120 and K152 within the PH Domain of T Cell Adapter SKAP55 Regulate Plasma Membrane Targeting of SKAP55 and LFA-1 Affinity Modulation in Human T Lymphocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00509-16. [PMID: 28052935 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00509-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The β2-integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is needed for the T cell receptor (TCR)-induced activation of LFA-1 to promote T cell adhesion and interaction with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). LFA-1-mediated cell-cell interactions are critical for proper T cell differentiation and proliferation. The Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein of 55 kDa (SKAP55) is a key regulator of TCR-mediated LFA-1 signaling (inside-out/outside-in signaling). To gain an understanding of how SKAP55 controls TCR-mediated LFA-1 activation, we assessed the functional role of its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. We identified two critical amino acid residues within the PH domain of SKAP55, aspartic acid 120 (D120) and lysine 152 (K152). D120 facilitates the retention of SKAP55 in the cytoplasm of nonstimulated T cells, while K152 promotes SKAP55 membrane recruitment via actin binding upon TCR triggering. Importantly, the K152-dependent interaction of the PH domain with actin promotes the binding of talin to LFA-1, thus facilitating LFA-1 activation. These data suggest that K152 and D120 within the PH domain of SKAP55 regulate plasma membrane targeting and TCR-mediated activation of LFA-1.
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