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Feghali J, Jackson CM. Therapeutic implications for the PD-1 axis in cerebrovascular injury. Neurotherapeutics 2024:e00459. [PMID: 39368872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery and characterization of the PD-1/PD-L pathway, mounting evidence has emerged regarding its role in regulating neuroinflammation following cerebrovascular injury. Classically, PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells or tissues binds PD-1 on T cell surfaces resulting in T cell inhibition. In myeloid cells, PD-1 stimulation induces polarization of microglia and macrophages into an anti-inflammatory, restorative phenotype. The therapeutic potential of PD-1 agonism in ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage-related vasospasm, and traumatic brain injury rests on the notion of harnessing the immunomodulatory function of immune checkpoint pathways to temper the harmful effects of immune overactivation and secondary injury while promoting repair and recovery. Immune checkpoint agonism has greater specificity than the wider and non-specific anti-inflammatory effects of other agents, such as steroids. PD-1 agonism has already demonstrated success in clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis and is being tested in other chronic inflammatory diseases. Further investigation of PD-1 agonism as a therapeutic strategy in cerebrovascular injury can help clarify the mechanisms underlying clinical benefit, develop drugs with optimal pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and mitigate unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Feghali
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Li JB, Lin XR, Huang SN, He Q, Zheng Y, Li QX, Lin FX, Zhuo LY, Lin YX, Kang DZ, Ma K, Wang DL. High Plasma Fibrinogen Level Elevates the Risk of Cardiac Complications Following Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. World Neurosurg 2023; 180:e774-e785. [PMID: 37839573 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac complications are related to poor prognosis after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study aims to predict the cardiac complications arising from small intracranial hematoma at ultraearly stage. METHODS The data of this work were derived from the Risk Stratification and Minimally Invasive Surgery in Acute ICH Patients study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03862729). This work included patients with ICH but without brain herniation, as confirmed by a brain computed tomography scan within 48 hours of symptom onset. Every Patient's information recorded at the emergent department, including clinical, laboratory, electrocardiogram, and medical records, was derived from the electronic data capture. Cardiac complications were defined as the occurrence of myocardial damage, arrhythmias, and ischemic electrocardiogram changes during hospitalization. Variables associated with cardiac complications were filtrated by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Independent risk factors were used to form the early predictive model. The restricted cubic splines were employed to investigate the nonlinear associations in a more sophisticated and scholarly manner. RESULTS A total of 587 ICH patients were enrolled in this work, including 72 patients who suffered from cardiac complications after ICH. Out of the 78 variables, 24 were found to be statistically significant in the univariate logistic regression analysis. These significant variables were then subjected to multivariate logistic regression analysis and utilized for constructing risk models. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed high plasma fibrinogen (FIB) level [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) 1.327, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.037-1.697; P = 0. 024)] and older age (OR per SD 1.777, 95% CI 1.344-2.349; P <0.001) were associated with a higher incidence of cardiac complications after ICH. High admission pulse rate (OR 0.620, 95% CI 0.451-0.853; P = 0. 003) was considered a protective factor for cardiac complications after ICH. In the restricted cubic spline regression model, FIB and cardiac complications following ICH were positively correlated and almost linearly (P for nonlinearity = 0.073). The reference point for FIB in predicting cardiac complications after ICH was 2.64 g/L. CONCLUSIONS Emergent factors, including plasma FIB level, age, and pulse rate, might be independently associated with cardiac complications after ICH, which warrants attention in the context of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Bo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ru Lin
- Clinical Research and Translation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shu-Na Huang
- Clinical Research and Translation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiu He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi-Xuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fu-Xin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Research and Translation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Institute for Brain Disorders and Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Institute for Brain Disorders and Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - De-Zhi Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Research and Translation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Institute for Brain Disorders and Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Clinical Research and Translation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deng-Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Institute for Brain Disorders and Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Liu Y, Chen S, Liu S, Wallace KL, Zille M, Zhang J, Wang J, Jiang C. T-cell receptor signaling modulated by the co-receptors: Potential targets for stroke treatment. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106797. [PMID: 37211238 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a severe and life-threatening disease, necessitating more research on new treatment strategies. Infiltrated T lymphocytes, an essential adaptive immune cell with extensive effector function, are crucially involved in post-stroke inflammation. Immediately after the initiation of the innate immune response triggered by microglia/macrophages, the adaptive immune response associated with T lymphocytes also participates in the complex pathophysiology of stroke and partially informs the outcome of stroke. Preclinical and clinical studies have revealed the conflicting roles of T cells in post-stroke inflammation and as potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms that underlie the adaptive immune response associated with T lymphocytes in stroke is essential. The T-cell receptor (TCR) and its downstream signaling regulate T lymphocyte differentiation and activation. This review comprehensively summarizes the various molecules that regulate TCR signaling and the T-cell response. It covers both the co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules and their roles in stroke. Because immunoregulatory therapies targeting TCR and its mediators have achieved great success in some proliferative diseases, this article also summarizes the advances in therapeutic strategies related to TCR signaling in lymphocytes after stroke, which can facilitate translation. DATA AVAILABILITY: No data was used for the research described in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Simon Liu
- Medical Genomics Unit, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kevin L Wallace
- College of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Marietta Zille
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China; Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
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Chen S, Li L, Peng C, Bian C, Ocak PE, Zhang JH, Yang Y, Zhou D, Chen G, Luo Y. Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response for Blood-Brain Barrier Protection in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:115-134. [PMID: 35383484 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a major pathological change after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and is both the cause and result of oxidative stress and of the immune response post-ICH. These processes contribute to ICH-induced brain injury. Recent Advances: After the breakdown of cerebral vessels, blood components, including erythrocytes and their metabolites, thrombin, and fibrinogen, can access the cerebral parenchyma through the compromised BBB, triggering oxidative stress and inflammatory cascades. These aggravate BBB disruption and contribute to further infiltration of blood components, resulting in a vicious cycle that exacerbates brain edema and neurological injury after ICH. Experimental and clinical studies have highlighted the role of BBB disruption in ICH-induced brain injury. Critical Issues: In this review, we focus on the strategies to protect the BBB in ICH. Specifically, we summarize the evidence and the underlying mechanisms, including the ICH-induced process of oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and we highlight the potential therapeutic targets to protect BBB integrity after ICH. Future Directions: Future studies should probe the mechanism of ferroptosis as well as oxidative stress-inflammation coupling in BBB disruption after ICH and investigate the effects of antioxidants and immunomodulatory agents in more ICH clinical trials. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 115-134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunjing Bian
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pinar Eser Ocak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Manenti S, Orrico M, Masciocchi S, Mandelli A, Finardi A, Furlan R. PD-1/PD-L Axis in Neuroinflammation: New Insights. Front Neurol 2022; 13:877936. [PMID: 35756927 PMCID: PMC9222696 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.877936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) led to an improvement in the treatment of several types of cancer. The main targets of these drugs are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 pathway (PD-1/PD-L1), which are important inhibitory molecules for the immune system. Besides being generally safer than common chemotherapy, the use of ICIs has been associated with several immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). Although rare, neurological adverse effects are reported within the irAEs in clinical trials, particularly in patients treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies or a combination of both anti-CTLA-4 and PD-1 drugs. The observations obtained from clinical trials suggest that the PD-1 axis may play a remarkable role in the regulation of neuroinflammation. Moreover, numerous studies in preclinical models have demonstrated the involvement of PD-1 in several neurological disorders. However, a comprehensive understanding of these cellular mechanisms remains elusive. Our review aims to summarize the most recent evidence concerning the regulation of neuroinflammation through PD-1/PD-L signaling, focusing on cell populations that are involved in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Manenti
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Orrico
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Masciocchi
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory and Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mandelli
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Yao X, Song Y, Wang Z, Bai S, Yu H, Wang Y, Guan Y. Proteinase-activated receptor-1 antagonist attenuates brain injury via regulation of FGL2 and TLR4 after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Neuroscience 2022; 490:193-205. [PMID: 35182700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) antagonist plays a protective effect in brain injury. We investigated the potential function and mechanisms of PAR1 antagonist in ICH-induced brain injury. Results showed that PAR1 antagonist protected against neurobehavior deficits, brain edema and BBB integrity in ICH mice via activating JNK/ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway at 24h after ICH. In addition, ICH resulted in the increase of FGL2 and TLR4 expression over time, and phosphorylated JNK, ERK and p38 MAPK expression. Suppression of FGL2 and TLR4 alleviated brain injury and decreased the expression of p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38 MAPK and p-IKKα at 24 h after ICH; while overexpression of them showed the opposite result. Moreover, the protective effect of PAR1 antagonist on ICH-induced brain injury was blocked by FGL2 or TLR4 overexpression, and the levels of p-JNK, p-ERK and p-p38 MAPK were inhibited. Furthermore, PAR1 antagonist combined with TLR4 antagonist markedly alleviated brain injury after ICH at 72h. Overall, PAR1 antagonist protected against short-term brain injury, and the effect of PAR1 antagonist on ICH-induced brain injury was mediated by FGL2 or TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yao
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yaying Song
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shuwei Bai
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Haojun Yu
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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7
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Burlaka BS, Belenichev IF, Ryzhenko OI, Ryzhenko VP, Aliyeva OG, Makyeyeva LV, Popazova OO, Bak PG. The effect of intranasal administration of an IL-1b antagonist (RAIL) on the state of the nitroxydergic system of the brain during modeling of acute cerebrovascular accident. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e71243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate the effect activity of RAIL-gel in comparison with Citicoline on nitroxydergic system during acute cerebrovascular accident.
Methods: In this study, 80 white nonlinear rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (20 rats in each): 1) intact; 2) control - untreated with acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA), examined on the 4th day; 3) animals with ACVA, receiving RAIL, examined on the 18th day; 4) animals with ACVA, treated with Citicoline, examined on the 4th day. The expression of inducible NOS was determined by Western blotting. The nitrosative stress marker, nitrotyrosine, was determined using the ELISE kit NITROTYROSINE (kit no. HK501-02, series 12825k1212-k). To assess the state of iNOS mRNA expression, we used the method of polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription in real time (RT-PCR).
Results: Our research demonstrated that course administration of the RAIL and Citicoline to animals with ACVA for 4 days leads to the stabilization of the parameters of the brain nitroxydergic system. However, Citicoline does not provide a full effect on the shifts of the NO system in the brain. It does not have the proper effect on such an important link in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage as nitrosative stress. RAIL leads to a significant decrease in NOS activity due to its inducible form (decrease in the expression of iNOS and iNOS mRNA) and a decrease in NO metabolits, and inhibition of nitrosative stress (decrease in nitrotyrosine).
Conclusion: IL-1b antagonist RAIL (Intranal Gel) significantly exceeds Citicoline in terms of the severity of the effect on the nitroxydergic system indicators.
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Kim JE, Patel K, Jackson CM. The potential for immune checkpoint modulators in cerebrovascular injury and inflammation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:101-113. [PMID: 33356658 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1869213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Neuroinflammation has been linked to poor neurologic and functional outcomes in many cerebrovascular disorders. Immune checkpoints are upregulated in the setting of traumatic brain injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, central nervous systems vasculitis, and post-hemorrhagic vasospasm, and are potential mediators of pathologic inflammation. Burgeoning evidence suggests that immune checkpoint modulation is a promising treatment strategy to decrease immune cell recruitment, cytokine secretion, brain edema, and neurodegeneration.Areas covered: This review discusses the role of immune checkpoints in neuroinflammation, and the potential for therapeutic immune checkpoint modulation in inflammatory cerebrovascular disorders. A search of Pubmed and clinicaltrials.gov was performed to find relevant literature published within the last 50 years.Expert opinion: The clinical success of immune-activating checkpoint modulators in human cancers has shown the immense clinical potential of checkpoint-based immunotherapy. Given that checkpoint blockade can also precipitate a pathologic pro-inflammatory or autoimmune response, it is plausible that these pathways may also be targeted to quell aberrant inflammation. A limited but growing number of studies suggest that immune checkpoints play a critical role in regulating the immune response in the central nervous system in a variety of contexts, and that immune-deactivating checkpoint modulators may be a promising treatment strategy for acute and chronic neuroinflammation in cerebrovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kisha Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhan D, Zhang C, Long W, Wei L, Jin S, Du C, Li Z, Guo S, Huang L, Ning Q, Luo X. Intrauterine inflammation induced white matter injury protection by fibrinogen-like protein 2 deficiency in perinatal mice. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1706-1714. [PMID: 33075801 PMCID: PMC8249236 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01211-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter injury (WMI) induced by intrauterine inflammation can cause adverse neurological outcomes. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2)/fibroleukin is an important trigger of inflammatory responses and is involved in some cerebral diseases. However, the role of FGL2 in intrauterine inflammation-induced WMI remains unclear. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intraperitoneally injected into wild-type and FGL2 knockout mice to induce intrauterine inflammation. Body weight and brain weight of offspring were monitored. Major basic protein (MBP) expression was evaluated to demonstrate the myelination of offspring. To investigate the regulatory mechanism of FGL2, cytokine expression, microglial polarization, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in the offspring were analyzed. RESULTS Upon LPS exposure, FGL2 knockout offspring showed a significant increase in body weight loss. MBP reduction induced by LPS was prevented in FGL2 knockout offspring. Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α, and M1 marker CD86 were suppressed, while the expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and M2 marker CD206 were increased. FGL2 deficiency significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein. CONCLUSIONS FGL2 deficiency can ameliorate WMI induced by intrauterine inflammation, reducing inflammatory cascade and improving hypomyelination, through the regulation of microglial polarization and MAPK signaling pathways. IMPACT Intrauterine inflammation induces WMI leading to severe neurological sequelae. FGL2 plays an important role in the progression of WMI induced by intrauterine inflammation. FGL2 deficiency can protect against WMI by inhibiting p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation, regulating microglia polarization, and reducing inflammation response. FGL2 could be a novel molecular target for protecting against WMI induced by intrauterine inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhan
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Cai Zhang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Wenjun Long
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Lan Wei
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Shengjuan Jin
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Caiqi Du
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Zhuxi Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Shusen Guo
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Lianjing Huang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Qin Ning
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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10
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Wu M, Zhou C, Li M, Yu H, Zhao D, Xue W, Qin L, Peng A. Depletion of NK cells attenuates paraquat-induced acute lung injury by manipulating macrophage polarization. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106698. [PMID: 32559567 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury is the main causative factor in paraquat dichloride (PQ)-induced mortality. The innate immune system-triggered detrimental inflammatory cascade plays a vital role in PQ-induced acute lung injury. However, the role of natural killer (NK) cells, which are essential for innate response, in PQ-induced acute lung injury remains largely unknown. Here, we found that in an acute PQ poisoning model, depletion of NK cells attenuated PQ-induced lung injury by inhibiting macrophage polarization towards the M1 type. Specifically, the percentages of NK cells were reduced in the lung, spleen, and peripheral blood in a murine model of acute PQ poisoning. NK cells were aberrantly activated, evidenced by upregulation of the activating markers CD69, CD107a, and NKG2D and downregulation of the inhibitive marker KLRG1. Further, NK-specific depletion in mice greatly prolonged the survival time and ameliorated reactive oxygen species-induced damage following PQ treatment compared with the control group. Importantly, NK cell depletion alleviated macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the lung and reversed PQ induced-macrophage polarization towards the pro-inflammatory M1 type. Our study demonstrates a crucial role of NK cells and NK cell-to-macrophage interaction in PQ-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Wu
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072 Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072 Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072 Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072 Shanghai, China
| | - Dake Zhao
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072 Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Xue
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072 Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072 Shanghai, China.
| | - Ai Peng
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072 Shanghai, China.
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11
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Yang Y, Chen J, Yang J, Yi C, Yang F, Gao W, Li Z, Bai X. Predictive value of soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 for survival in traumatic patients with sepsis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:196-202. [PMID: 32679128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and management of sepsis and trauma over the past few decades, severe infection and injury continue to represent major public health challenges. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), a member of the fibrinogen family, can be expressed as a membrane-associated protein with coagulation activity or in a secreted form possessing unique immune suppressive functions. In this study, we evaluated whether soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2) can serve as a biomarker to predict the development of sepsis in trauma patients. METHODS sFGL2 concentrations were determined by ELISA assays in sera of 75 trauma patients clinically classified into non-sepsis group and sepsis group. For comparison, 15 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included. RESULTS sFGL2 concentrations were dramatically elevated in trauma patients compared to healthy controls. In the patient group, the patients with sepsis showed a significant increase in sFGL2 concentrations compared with non-septic patients. Moreover, non-survivors of septic patients displayed higher sFGL2 concentrations compared with survivors. In addition, sFGL2 concentrations were positively correlated with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, serum IL-8 and IL-10 concentrations, but reversely correlated with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores, platelet and lymphocyte counts. Furthermore, sFGL2 was found to be an independent predictor of 28-day mortality in traumatic patients with sepsis by logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION sFGL2 concentrations were significantly correlated with the development and mortality of sepsis in traumatic patients. Thus, sFGL2 may serve as a potential indicator for traumatic patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiashen Yang
- Second Clinical College, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengla Yi
- Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanfei Li
- Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiangjun Bai
- Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Tschoe C, Bushnell CD, Duncan PW, Alexander-Miller MA, Wolfe SQ. Neuroinflammation after Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Potential Therapeutic Targets. J Stroke 2020; 22:29-46. [PMID: 32027790 PMCID: PMC7005353 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2019.02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a catastrophic illness causing significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in surgical technique addressing primary brain injury caused by ICH, little progress has been made treating the subsequent inflammatory cascade. Pre-clinical studies have made advancements identifying components of neuroinflammation, including microglia, astrocytes, and T lymphocytes. After cerebral insult, inflammation is initially driven by the M1 microglia, secreting cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and tumor necrosis factor-α) that are involved in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix, cellular integrity, and the blood brain barrier. Additionally, inflammatory factors recruit and induce differentiation of A1 reactive astrocytes and T helper 1 (Th1) cells, which contribute to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, augmenting M1 polarization and potentiating inflammation. Within 7 days of ICH ictus, the M1 phenotype coverts to a M2 phenotype, key for hematoma removal, tissue healing, and overall resolution of inflammation. The secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-4, IL-10) can drive Th2 cell differentiation. M2 polarization is maintained by the secretion of additional anti-inflammatory cytokines by the Th2 cells, suppressing M1 and Th1 phenotypes. Elucidating the timing and trigger of the anti-inflammatory phenotype may be integral in improving clinical outcomes. A challenge in current translational research is the absence of an equivalent disease animal model mirroring the patient population and comorbid pathophysiologic state. We review existing data and describe potential therapeutic targets around which we are creating a bench to bedside translational research model that better reflects the pathophysiology of ICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tschoe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cheryl D Bushnell
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Pamela W Duncan
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Stacey Q Wolfe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Shao A, Zhu Z, Li L, Zhang S, Zhang J. Emerging therapeutic targets associated with the immune system in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH): From mechanisms to translation. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:615-623. [PMID: 31208948 PMCID: PMC6642355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is a life-threatening type of stroke with high mortality, morbidity, and recurrence rates. However, no effective treatment has been established to improve functional outcomes in patients with ICH to date. Strategies targeting secondary brain injury are of great interest in both experimental and translational studies. The immune system is increasingly considered to be a crucial contributor to ICH-induced brain injury because it participates in multiple phases of ICH, from the early vascular rupture events to brain recovery. Various pathobiological processes that contribute to secondary brain injury closely interact with the immune system, such as brain oedema, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damage. Hence, we summarize the immune response to ICH and recent progress in treatments targeting the immune system in this review. The emerging therapeutic strategies that target the immune system after ICH are a particular focus and have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zhu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Xu WB, Hu QH, Wu CN, Fan ZK, Song ZF. Serum soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 concentration predicts delirium after acute pancreatitis. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01261. [PMID: 30884164 PMCID: PMC6456778 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation can cause delirium. Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2) is a modulator of the immune response and more recently found to be a biomarker for brain injury. This study was designed to discover the predictive capability of serum sFGL2 concentrations for delirium after acute pancreatitis (AP). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, observational study, serum sFGL2 concentrations were quantified in 184 healthy controls and in 184 AP patients. Disease severity was assessed by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Care Evaluation II score, Ranson score, multiple organ dysfunction score, and sequential organ failure assessment score. Delirium was recorded during hospital stay. Predictors of delirium were identified using multivariate analysis. RESULTS Serum sFGL2 concentrations were substantially higher in AP patients than in controls. Serum sFGL2 concentrations were intimately correlated with the preceding severity parameters. Serum sFGL2 and the aforementioned severity parameters were independent predictors for delirium. Under receiver operating characteristic curve, the discriminatory ability of serum sFGL2 was equivalent to those of the above-mentioned severity parameters. Moreover, serum sFGL2 dramatically improved the predictive value of the aforementioned severity parameters. CONCLUSIONS Elevation of serum sFGL2 concentrations is strongly associated with the AP severity and has the potential to distinguish delirium after AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Hua Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chan-Ni Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Kun Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Fa Song
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Chen TJ, Ji MX, Tao ZQ, Fu QY, Xiong K, Cheng B. The relationship between serum fibrinogen-like protein 2 concentrations and 30-day mortality of patients with traumatic brain injury. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 489:53-57. [PMID: 30503273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) is an inflammatory procoagulant protein. We discerned the impact of serum FGL2 on trauma severity and 30-day mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS A total of 114 severe TBI patients were subjected to assessment of trauma severity using the Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Measurement of the serum concentrations of FGL2 was done. 114 matched control subjects for their age and sex were included for comparison of serum concentration of FGL2. RESULTS The concentration of FGL2 was dramatically increased in the patients as compared with the control subjects. FGL2 concentration was inversely correlated with GCS score among the patients. The non-survivors within 30 days exhibited substantially higher FGL2 concentrations than the alive. FGL2 concentrations discriminated the patients at risk of 30-day death with significantly high area under receiver operating characteristic curve. Serum FGL2 emerged as an independent predictor for mortality and overall survival at 30 days after head trauma. CONCLUSIONS Serum FGL2 is a promising biomarker for assessing the severity and prognosis in severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Jiang Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Yiwu Central Hospital, 699 Jiangdong Road, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ming-Xia Ji
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Yiwu Central Hospital, 699 Jiangdong Road, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Tao
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Yiwu Central Hospital, 699 Jiangdong Road, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing-Yang Fu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Yiwu Central Hospital, 699 Jiangdong Road, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai Xiong
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Yiwu Central Hospital, 699 Jiangdong Road, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Yiwu Central Hospital, 699 Jiangdong Road, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
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16
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Obst J, Mancuso R, Simon E, Gomez-Nicola D. PD-1 deficiency is not sufficient to induce myeloid mobilization to the brain or alter the inflammatory profile during chronic neurodegeneration. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:708-716. [PMID: 30086399 PMCID: PMC6191933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune activation is a major driver of neurodegenerative disease and immune regulatory pathways could be potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Recently, Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibition has been proposed to mount an IFN-γ-dependent systemic immune response, leading to the recruitment of peripheral myeloid cells to the brain and neuropathological and functional improvements in mice with Alzheimer's disease-like β-amyloid pathology. Here we investigate the impact of PD-1 deficiency on murine prion disease (ME7 strain), a model of chronic neurodegeneration. Although PD-1 was found to be increased in the brain of prion mice, the absence of PD-1 did not cause myeloid cell infiltration into the brain or major changes in the inflammatory profile. However, we observed a slight exacerbation of the behavioural phenotype of ME7 mice upon PD-1 deficiency. These results do not support the possibility of using immune checkpoint blockade as a therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Obst
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - R Mancuso
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - E Simon
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - D Gomez-Nicola
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
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B7-H1 Expression Is Required for Human Endometrial Regenerative Cells in the Prevention of Transplant Vasculopathy in Mice. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2405698. [PMID: 29731774 PMCID: PMC5872625 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2405698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculopathy is one of the primary pathological changes in chronic rejection of vascularized allograft transplantation. Endometrial regenerative cells (ERCs) are mesenchymal-like stromal cells with immunosuppressive effect. B7-H1 is a negative costimulator that mediates active immune suppression. The aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of B7-H1 in the immunoregulation of ERCs in preventing transplant vasculopathy of aorta allografts. The results showed that B7-H1 expression on ERCs was upregulated by IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner and it was required for ERCs to inhibit the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. ERCs could alleviate transplant vasculopathy, as the intimal growth of transplanted aorta was limited, and the preventive effects were correlated with an increase in the percentages of CD11c+MHC class IIlowCD86low dendritic cells, CD68+CD206+ macrophages, and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells, as well as a decrease in the percentages of CD68+ macrophages, CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, and donor-reactive IgM and IgG antibodies. Moreover, overexpression of B7-H1 by IFN-γ can promote the immunosuppressive effect of ERCs. These results suggest that overexpression of B7-H1 stimulated by IFN-γ is required for ERCs to prevent the transplant vasculopathy, and this study provides a theoretical basis for the future clinical use of human ERCs.
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Chen YL, Qiao YC, Song XN, Ling W, Zhao HL, Zhang XX. Emotional exhaustion-induced latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in a young lady: A CARE-compliant case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6915. [PMID: 28514308 PMCID: PMC5440145 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) refers to an autoimmune disorder characterized with detectable islets antibodies in the early diagnosis and increased autoimmune beta-cell failure progression. Notably, this kind of diabetes seems to be confused with other phenotypic diabetes. PATIENT CONCERNS A young woman suffered an emotional exhaustion-induced LADA, showing asthenia, polydipsia, polyuria, and visible weight loss. The patient emotionally ended a 14-year romantic relationship, leading to the emotional flooding. DIAGNOSES The data from physical examination and laboratory tests exhibited as follows: glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) = 63.83 U/mL, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) = 13.3 mmol/L, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) = 10.9%. According to levels of GADA, the patient was diagnosed as LADA. INTERVENTIONS The patient was clinically treated with insulin for 3-month. Then, running, diet-control, and emotional treatment were combined, such as the patient started a new relationship. OUTCOMES An emotional recovery initiated from a new romantic relationship and a baby, showing normal levels of GAD65 (27.007 IU/mL) and FBG (5.46) mmol/L. LESSONS The emotional exhaustion might play a significant role in induction of LADA. It is important that individuals should maintain optimism, cheer, and a positive attitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ling Chen
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yong-Chao Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Xin-Nan Song
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
| | - Wei Ling
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
| | - Hai-Lu Zhao
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Zhang
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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