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Thangaraj SS, Oxlund CS, Andersen H, Svenningsen P, Stubbe J, Palarasah Y, Fonseca MPD, Ketelhuth DFJ, Enggaard C, Hansen MH, Henriksen JE, Jacobsen IA, Jensen BL. Amiloride lowers plasma TNF and interleukin-6 but not interleukin-17A in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F37-F48. [PMID: 38779752 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00268.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17A contributes to hypertension in preclinical models. T helper 17 and dendritic cells are activated by NaCl, which could involve the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). We hypothesized that the ENaC blocker amiloride reduces plasma IL-17A and related cytokines in patients with hypertension. Concentrations of IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 were determined by immunoassays in plasma from two patient cohorts before and after amiloride treatment: 1) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and treatment-resistant hypertension (n = 69, amiloride 5-10 mg/day for 8 wk) and 2) patients with hypertension and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (n = 29) on standardized salt intake (amiloride 20-40 mg/day, 2 days). Plasma and tissue from ANG II-hypertensive mice with T1DM treated with amiloride (2 mg/kg/day, 4 days) were analyzed. The effect of amiloride and benzamil on macrophage cytokines was determined in vitro. Plasma cytokines showed higher concentrations (IL-17A ∼40-fold) in patients with T2DM compared with T1DM. In patients with T2DM, amiloride had no effect on IL-17A but lowered TNF and IL-6. In patients with T1DM, amiloride had no effect on IL-17A but increased TNF. In both cohorts, blood pressure decline and plasma K+ increase did not relate to plasma cytokine changes. In mice, amiloride exerted no effect on IL-17A in the plasma, kidney, aorta, or left cardiac ventricle but increased TNF in cardiac and kidney tissues. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human THP-1 macrophages, amiloride and benzamil (from 1 nmol/L) decreased TNF, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1β. In conclusion, inhibition of ENaC by amiloride reduces proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6 but not IL-17A in patients with T2DM, potentially by a direct action on macrophages.NEW & NOTEWORTHY ENaC activity may contribute to macrophage-derived cytokine release, since amiloride exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppression of TNF and IL-6 cytokines in patients with resistant hypertension and type 2 diabetes and in THP-1-derived macrophages in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sindhu Thangaraj
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christina S Oxlund
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Southwest Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Andersen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Svenningsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jane Stubbe
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yaseelan Palarasah
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Micaella Pereira Da Fonseca
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Camilla Enggaard
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Høj Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Ib Abildgaard Jacobsen
- Research Unit for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Prevention, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Boye L Jensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Zeng Z, Fu Y, Li M, Shi Y, Ding Q, Chen S. Guben Qingfei decoction attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury by modulating the TLR4/NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117674. [PMID: 38154525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening and widespread disease, with exceptionally high morbidity and mortality rates. Unfortunately, effective drugs for ALI treatment are currently lacking. Guben Qingfei decoction (GBQF) is a Chinese herbal compound known for its efficacy in treating viral pneumonia, yet the precise underlying mechanisms remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to validate the mitigating effect of GBQF on ALI and to further investigate its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ALI mice model was established by infusing LPS into the endotracheal tube. The effects of GBQF on ALI were investigated by measuring lung W/D; MPO; BALF total protein concentration; total number of cells; TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels; pathological changes in lung tissue, and oxidation products. Immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting were performed to verify the underlying mechanisms. MH-S and BEAS-2B cells were induced by LPS, and the effects of GBQF were confirmed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. RESULTS GBQF significantly reduced LPS-induced ALI in mice, improved lung inflammation, reduced the production of oxidative products, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced the degree of lung tissue damage. GBQF prevents MH-S cells from releasing inflammatory factors and reduces oxidative damage to BEAS-2B cells. In vivo studies have delved deeper into the mechanism of action of GBQF, revealing its correlation with the TLR4/NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2 pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that GBQF is an effective treatment for ALI, providing a new perspective on medication development for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Zeng
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuchen Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Minfang Li
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qi Ding
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Zhang X, Cheng Z, Zeng M, He Z. The efficacy of extracellular vesicles for acute lung injury in preclinical animal models: a meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:128. [PMID: 38481171 PMCID: PMC10935944 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing research on extracellular vesicles (EVs), EVs have received widespread attention as biodiagnostic markers and therapeutic agents for a variety of diseases. Stem cell-derived EVs have also been recognized as a new viable therapy for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To assess their efficacy, we conducted a meta-analysis of existing preclinical experimental animal models of EVs for ALI treatment. METHODS The database was systematically interrogated for pertinent data encompassing the period from January 2010 to April 2022 concerning interventions involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) in animal models of acute lung injury (ALI). The lung injury score was selected as the primary outcome measure for statistical analysis. Meta-analyses were executed utilizing RevMan 5.3 and State15.1 software tools. RESULTS The meta-analyses comprised 31 studies, exclusively involving animal models of acute lung injury (ALI), categorized into two cohorts based on the presence or absence of extracellular vesicle (EV) intervention. The statistical outcomes from these two study groups revealed a significant reduction in lung injury scores with the administration of stem and progenitor cell-derived EVs (SMD = -3.63, 95% CI [-4.97, -2.30], P < 0.05). Conversely, non-stem cell-derived EVs were associated with an elevation in lung injury scores (SMD = -4.34, 95% CI [3.04, 5.63], P < 0.05). EVs originating from stem and progenitor cells demonstrated mitigating effects on alveolar neutrophil infiltration, white blood cell counts, total cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung wet-to-dry weight ratios (W/D), and total protein in BALF. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory mediators exhibited down-regulation, while anti-inflammatory mediators demonstrated up-regulation. Conversely, non-stem cell-derived EVs exacerbated lung injury. CONCLUSION In preclinical animal models of acute lung injury (ALI), the administration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from stem and progenitor cells demonstrably enhances pulmonary function. This ameliorative effect is attributed to the mitigation of pulmonary vascular permeability and the modulation of immune homeostasis, collectively impeding the progression of inflammation. In stark contrast, the utilization of EVs derived from non-stem progenitor cells exacerbates the extent of lung injury. These findings substantiate the potential utility of EVs as a novel therapeutic avenue for addressing acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zongyong Cheng
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Menghao Zeng
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihui He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- 138 Tongzibo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
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Han H, Xie Q, Shao R, Li J, Du X. Alveolar macrophage-derived gVPLA2 promotes ventilator-induced lung injury via the cPLA2/PGE2 pathway. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:494. [PMID: 38057837 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a clinical complication of mechanical ventilation observed in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. It is characterized by inflammation mediated by inflammatory cells and their secreted mediators. METHODS To investigate the mechanisms underlying VILI, a C57BL/6J mouse model was induced using high tidal volume (HTV) mechanical ventilation. Mice were pretreated with Clodronate liposomes to deplete alveolar macrophages or administered normal bone marrow-derived macrophages or Group V phospholipase A2 (gVPLA2) intratracheally to inhibit bone marrow-derived macrophages. Lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to assess lung injury and measure Ca2 + concentration, gVPLA2, downstream phosphorylated cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (p-cPLA2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), protein expression related to mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial damage. Cellular experiments were performed to complement the animal studies. RESULTS Depletion of alveolar macrophages attenuated HTV-induced lung injury and reduced gVPLA2 levels in alveolar lavage fluid. Similarly, inhibition of alveolar macrophage-derived gVPLA2 had a similar effect. Activation of the cPLA2/PGE2/Ca2 + pathway in alveolar epithelial cells by gVPLA2 derived from alveolar macrophages led to disturbances in mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial dysfunction. The findings from cellular experiments were consistent with those of animal experiments. CONCLUSIONS HTV mechanical ventilation induces the secretion of gVPLA2 by alveolar macrophages, which activates the cPLA2/PGE2/Ca2 + pathway, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of VILI and may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for preventing or treating VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 East University Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qiuwen Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 East University Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Rongge Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 East University Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jinju Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 East University Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Disfunction, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xueke Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 East University Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China.
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Chen L, Gu YJ, Zhang XG, Cheng L, Zhou MY, Yang Y, Wang Y. Macrophage microvesicle-derived circ_YTHDF2 in methamphetamine-induced chronic lung injury. J Physiol 2023; 601:5107-5128. [PMID: 37078283 DOI: 10.1113/jp284086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term abuse of methamphetamine (MA) can cause lung toxicity. Intercellular communication between macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is critical for maintaining lung homeostasis. Microvesicles (MVs) are an important medium of intercellular communication. However, the mechanism of macrophage MVs (MMVs) in MA-induced chronic lung injury remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate if MA can augment the activity of MMVs and if circ_YTHDF2 is a key factor in MMV-mediated macrophage-AEC communication, and to explore the mechanism of MMV-derived circ_YTHDF2 in MA-induced chronic lung injury. MA elevated peak velocity of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery accelerate time, reduced the number of alveolar sacs, thickened the alveolar septum, and accelerated the release of MMVs and the uptake of MMVs by AECs. Circ_YTHDF2 was downregulated in lung and MMVs induced by MA. The immune factors in MMVs were increased by si-circ_YTHDF. Circ_YTHDF2 knockdown in MMVs induced inflammation and remodelling in the internalised AECs by MMVs, which was reversed by circ_YTHDF2 overexpression in MMVs. Circ_YTHDF2 bound specifically to and sponged miRNA-145-5p. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) was identified as potential target of miR-145-5p. RUNX3 targeted zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1)-related inflammation and EMT of AECs. In vivo, circ_YTHDF2 overexpression-MMVs attenuated MA-induced lung inflammation and remodelling by the circ_YTHDF2-miRNA-145-5p-RUNX3 axis. Therefore, MA abuse can induce pulmonary dysfunction and alveolus injury. The immunoactivity of MMVs is regulated by circ_YTHDF2. Circ_YTHDF2 in MMVs is the key to communication between macrophages and AECs. Circ_YTHDF2 sponges miR-145-5p targeting RUNX3 to participate in ZEB1-related inflammation and remodelling of AECs. MMV-derived circ_YTHDF2 would be an important therapeutic target for MA-induced chronic lung injury. KEY POINTS: Methamphetamine (MA) abuse induces pulmonary dysfunction and alveoli injury. The immunoactivity of macrophage microvesicles (MMVs) is regulated by circ_YTHDF2. Circ_YTHDF2 in MMVs is the key to MMV-mediated intercellular communication between macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Circ_YTHDF2 sponges miR-145-5p targeting runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) to participate in zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1)-related inflammation and remodelling. MMV-derived circ_YTHDF2 would be an important therapeutic target for MA-induced chronic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying-Jian Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiang-Gui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Chen Y, Yu X, Yan Z, Zhang S, Zhang J, Guo W. Role of epithelial sodium channel-related inflammation in human diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178410. [PMID: 37559717 PMCID: PMC10407551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a heterotrimer and is widely distributed throughout the kidneys, blood vessels, lungs, colons, and many other organs. The basic role of the ENaC is to mediate the entry of Na+ into cells; the ENaC also has an important regulatory function in blood pressure, airway surface liquid (ASL), and endothelial cell function. Aldosterone, serum/glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1), shear stress, and posttranslational modifications can regulate the activity of the ENaC; some ion channels also interact with the ENaC. In recent years, it has been found that the ENaC can lead to immune cell activation, endothelial cell dysfunction, aggravated inflammation involved in high salt-induced hypertension, cystic fibrosis, pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA), and tumors; some inflammatory cytokines have been reported to have a regulatory role on the ENaC. The ENaC hyperfunction mediates the increase of intracellular Na+, and the elevated exchange of Na+ with Ca2+ leads to an intracellular calcium overload, which is an important mechanism for ENaC-related inflammation. Some of the research on the ENaC is controversial or unclear; we therefore reviewed the progress of studies on the role of ENaC-related inflammation in human diseases and their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Organ Transplantation (Liver &Kidney Transplantation) Physician Training Centre, Zhengzhou, China
- National Regional Medical Treatment Centre of Henan Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Organ Transplantation (Liver &Kidney Transplantation) Physician Training Centre, Zhengzhou, China
- National Regional Medical Treatment Centre of Henan Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Yan
- Henan Organ Transplantation Centre, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering and Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
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Yang CY, Sun JH, Zhu K, Du J, Zhang Y, Lu CH, Liu WY, Zhang KJ, Zhang AQ, Zeng L, Jiang JX, Li L. Electrotaxis of alveolar epithelial cells in direct-current electric fields. Chin J Traumatol 2023:S1008-1275(23)00020-2. [PMID: 37019724 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to elucidate the electrotaxis response of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) in direct-current electric fields (EFs), explore the impact of EFs on the cell fate of AECs, and lay the foundation for future exploitation of EFs for the treatment of acute lung injury. METHODS AECs were extracted from rat lung tissues using magnetic-activated cell sorting. To elucidate the electrotaxis responses of AECs, different voltages of EFs (0, 50, 100, and 200 mV/mm) were applied to two types of AECs, respectively. Cell migrations were recorded and trajectories were pooled to better demonstrate cellular activities through graphs. Cell directionality was calculated as the cosine value of the angle formed by the EF vector and cell migration. To further demonstrate the impact of EFs on the pulmonary tissue, the human bronchial epithelial cells transformed with Ad12-SV40 2B (BEAS-2B cells) were obtained and experimented under the same conditions as AECs. To determine the influence on cell fate, cells underwent electric stimulation were collected to perform Western blot analysis. RESULTS The successful separation and culturing of AECs were confirmed through immunofluorescence staining. Compared with the control, AECs in EFs demonstrated a significant directionality in a voltage-dependent way. In general, type Ⅰ alveolar epithelial cells migrated faster than type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells, and under EFs, these two types of cells exhibited different response threshold. For type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells, only EFs at 200 mV/mm resulted a significant difference to the velocity, whereas for, EFs at both 100 mV/mm and 200 mV/mm gave rise to a significant difference. Western blotting suggested that EFs led to an increased expression of a AKT and myeloid leukemia 1 and a decreased expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein and Bcl-2-like protein 11. CONCLUSION EFs could guide and accelerate the directional migration of AECs and exert antiapoptotic effects, which indicated that EFs are important biophysical signals in the re-epithelialization of alveolar epithelium in lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yue Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Kan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Cong-Hua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ke-Jun Zhang
- Department of Outpatients, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - An-Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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Yao TT, Zhang Y, He RL, Lv X, He YJ, Li MY, Han YY, Long LZ, Jiang GL, Cheng XY, Hu GY, Li QB, Tao LJ, Meng J. Mefunidone ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway and enhancing Nrf2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109263. [PMID: 36334370 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening disease which has high mortality and lacks effective pharmacological treatments. Excessive inflammation and oxidative stress are the key pathogenesis of ALI. Mefunidone (MFD), a novel small molecule compound, displayed anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress effects on streptozocin (STZ) and db/db mice in our previous studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of MFD on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and explore the potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS We investigated the effects of MFD on LPS-induced ALI mouse model and LPS-stimulated immortalized mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (iBMDMs). RESULTS MFD could alleviate pulmonary structure disorder and attenuate pulmonary neutrophils infiltration induced by LPS. MFD could also decreased proinflammatory cytokines release and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation stimulated by LPS. Further, MFD could significantly reduce LPS-induced phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), increase expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and restore the expressions of antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION Our results firstly supported that MFD effectively protected LPS-induced ALI against inflammation and oxidative stress through inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway and activating Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong-Ling He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Jun He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng-Yu Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Han
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Long
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Liang Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gao-Yun Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
| | - Qian-Bin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Jian Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China; National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Changsha, China.
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Selvam P, Cheng CM, Dahms HU, Ponnusamy VK, Sun YY. AhR Mediated Activation of Pro-Inflammatory Response of RAW 264.7 Cells Modulate the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10110642. [PMID: 36355934 PMCID: PMC9696907 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis, a chronic lung disease caused by progressive deterioration of lung tissue, is generated by several factors including genetic and environmental ones. In response to long-term exposure to environmental stimuli, aberrant tissue repair and epithelial cell-to- mesenchymal cell transition (EMT) trigger the subsequent progression of pulmonary fibrotic diseases. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that is activated by ligands providing lung dysfunction when activated by environmental toxins, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Our previous study demonstrated that AhR mediates α-SMA expression by directly binding to the α-SMA (fibroblast differentiation marker) promoter, suggesting the role of AhR in mediating fibrogenic progression. Here we follow the hypothesis that macrophage infiltrated microenvironments may trigger inflammation and subsequent fibrosis. We studied the expression of cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells by AhR activation through an ELISA assay. To investigate molecular events, migration, western blotting and zymography assays were carried out. We found that AhR agonists such as TCDD, IP and FICZ, promote the migration and induce inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and G-CSF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and MIP-2. These cytokines arbitrate EMT marker expression such as E-cadherin, fibronectin, and vimentin in pulmonary epithelial cells. Expression of proteins of MMPs in mouse macrophages was determined by zymography, showing the caseinolytic activity of MMP-1 and the gelatinolytic action of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Taken together, the present study showed that AhR activated macrophages create an inflammatory microenvironment which favours the fibrotic progression of pulmonary epithelial cells. Such production of inflammatory factors was accomplished by affecting the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, thereby creating a microenvironment which enhances the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to fibrosis of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padhmavathi Selvam
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Mei Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yo Sun
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan
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