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Ginsenoside Rg1 as a Potential Regulator of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2021:4633270. [PMID: 35003268 PMCID: PMC8741398 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4633270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), a purified, active component of the root or stem of ginseng, exerts positive effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Many recent studies have found that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which can develop into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and mature blood cells, are another class of heterogeneous adult stem cells that can be regulated by Rg1. Rg1 can affect HSC proliferation and migration, regulate HSC/HPC differentiation, and alleviate HSC aging, and these findings potentially provide new strategies to improve the HSC homing rate in HSC transplantation and for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or other HSC/HPC dysplasia-induced diseases. In this review, we used bioinformatics methods, molecular docking verification, and a literature review to systematically explore the possible molecular pharmacological activities of Rg1 through which it regulates HSCs/HPCs.
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Wang X, Cao K, Guo E, Mao X, An C, Guo L, Zhang C, Guo J, Yang X, Sun J, Yang W, Li X, Miao S. Assessment of immune status of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma can predict prognosis and guide treatment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:1199-1220. [PMID: 34643766 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past few years, immunotherapy has changed the way we treat solid tumors. People pay more and more attention to the immune microenvironment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In this study, our immunotherapy research took advantage of the clinical database and focused our in-depth analysis on the tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS This study evaluated the relationship between the clinical outcome and the local tissue and overall immune status in 412 patients with primary LSCC. We constructed and validated a risk model that could predict prognosis, assess immune status, identify high-risk patients, and develop personalized treatment plans through bioinformatics. In addition, through immunohistochemical analysis, we verified the differential expression of CTSL and KDM5D genes with the largest weight coefficients in the model in LSCC tissues and their influence on the prognosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). RESULTS We found that interstitial tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor parenchymal-infiltrating lymphocyte volume, tumor infiltrates lymphocytes of frontier invasion, and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with LSCC. A novel risk model can guide clinicians to accurately predict prognosis, identify high-risk patients, and formulate personalized treatment plans. The differential expression of genes such as CTSL and KDM5D has a significant correlation with the TILs of LSCC and the prognosis of patients. CONCLUSION Local and systemic inflammatory markers in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma are reliable prognostic factors. The risk model and CTSL, KDM5D gene have important potential research value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Kui Cao
- Department of Laboratory, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Erliang Guo
- Department of Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xionghui Mao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Changming An
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese National Cancer Center &, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lunhua Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Junnan Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xianguang Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Susheng Miao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Finetti F, Travelli C, Ercoli J, Colombo G, Buoso E, Trabalzini L. Prostaglandin E2 and Cancer: Insight into Tumor Progression and Immunity. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E434. [PMID: 33271839 PMCID: PMC7760298 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of inflammation in cancer progression has been the subject of research for many years. Inflammatory milieu and immune response are associated with cancer progression and recurrence. In different types of tumors, growth and metastatic phenotype characterized by the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, stemness, and angiogenesis, are increasingly associated with intrinsic or extrinsic inflammation. Among the inflammatory mediators, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) supports epithelial tumor aggressiveness by several mechanisms, including growth promotion, escape from apoptosis, transactivation of tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors, and induction of angiogenesis. Moreover, PGE2 is an important player in the tumor microenvironment, where it suppresses antitumor immunity and regulates tumor immune evasion, leading to increased tumoral progression. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on the pro-tumoral activity of PGE2 focusing on its role in cancer progression and in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Finetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Jasmine Ercoli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Erica Buoso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Lorenza Trabalzini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
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