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Power J, Watson S, Chen W, Lewis A, van IJzendoorn M, Galbally M. The trajectory of maternal perinatal depressive symptoms predicts executive function in early childhood. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7953-7963. [PMID: 37781906 PMCID: PMC10755237 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal maternal depression may affect fetal neurodevelopment directly or indirectly via exposures such as smoking, alcohol, or antidepressant use. The relative contribution of these risk factors on child executive function (EF) has not been explored systematically. METHODS A prospective pregnancy cohort of 197 women and their children was studied to determine whether maternal depression diagnosis and the trajectory of maternal depressive symptoms (MDSs) from early pregnancy to 12 months postpartum predicts child EF at age 4 (measured using the preschool age psychiatric assessment, NEPSY-II, and Shape School task) using latent growth curve modeling. Indirect effects of smoking, alcohol, and antidepressant use were also formally tested. RESULTS Increasing maternal perinatal depressive symptoms over time predicted more inattentive symptoms, poorer switching, and motor inhibition, but not cognitive inhibition. When adjusted for multiple comparison, and after accounting for maternal cognition and education, the association with child inattentive symptoms remained significant. However, diagnosed depression did not predict child EF outcomes. Prenatal exposure to smoking, alcohol, and antidepressants also did not mediate pathways from depressive symptoms to EF outcomes. Our findings were limited by sample size and statistical power to detect outcome effects of smaller effect size. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that increasing MDSs over the perinatal period is associated with poorer EF outcomes in children at age 4 - independent of prenatal smoking, drinking, or antidepressant use. Depressive chronicity, severity, and postpartum influences may play crucial roles in determining childhood outcomes of EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Power
- School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart Watson
- School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Wai Chen
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Perth, Australia
- Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Centre of Healthy Aging, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Lewis
- Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, VIC, Australia
| | - Marinus van IJzendoorn
- School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Megan Galbally
- School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Martín-González NS, Castro-Quintas Á, Marques-Feixa L, Ayesa-Arriola R, López M, Fañanás L. Maternal respiratory viral infections during pregnancy and offspring's neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105178. [PMID: 37059407 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Maternal infections during pregnancy, as cytomegalovirus and zika, have been consistently associated with severe newborn neurodevelopmental conditions, mainly related to vertical transmission and congenital infection. However, little is known about the neurodevelopmental consequences of maternal respiratory viral infections, which are the most prevalent infections during pregnancy. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has increased the interest in understanding the consequences of infections in offspring's development. This systematic review explores whether maternal gestational viral respiratory infections are associated with neurodevelopmental deviations in children below 10 years-old. The search was conducted in Pubmed, PsychInfo and Web of Science databases. 12 articles were revised, including information about maternal infection (Influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and unspecified respiratory infections) and offspring's neurodevelopment (global development, specific functions, temperament and behavioral/emotional aspects). Controversial results were reported regarding maternal respiratory infections during pregnancy and infants' neurodevelopment. Maternal infections seem to be associated with subtle alterations in some offspring's developmental subdomains, as early motor development, and attentional, behavioral/emotional minor problems. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of other psychosocial confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea San Martín-González
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBER-SAM), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Águeda Castro-Quintas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBER-SAM), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laia Marques-Feixa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBER-SAM), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBER-SAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain.
| | - Marta López
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, Maternal fetal medicine department, BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER of Rare Diseases, CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBER-SAM), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
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