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Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to investigate the plantar fascia and heel fat pad stiffness and thickness parameters in females and compare these values with those of males. METHODS This study was carried out in 60 healthy sedentary participants (30 female, 30 male) between the ages of 19 and 50 years. Shear wave velocity (SWV) and thickness of the plantar fascia and heel fat pad were measured with an ultrasonography device. RESULTS Males had a higher plantar fascia ( P = .037) and heel fat pad ( P = .001) thickness compared with females, but SWV of the plantar fascia ( P = .673), heel fat pad microchamber layer ( P = .240), and heel fat pad macrochamber layer ( P = .636) were similar in both groups. Body mass had a strong correlation with the plantar fascia ( r = 0.64, P < .001) and heel fat pad thickness ( r = 0.68, P < .001). Height had a moderate correlation with the plantar fascia ( r = 0.44, P < .001) and heel fat pad thickness ( r = 0.42, P = .001). CONCLUSION Plantar fascia and heel fat pad stiffness were similar in both genders; however, females had a lower plantar fascia and heel fat pad thickness compared with males. Correlation analysis results suggest that higher plantar fascia and heel fat pad thickness in males may be related to higher body mass and height. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level III: Retrospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Taş
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department, Hacettepe University, Beytepe Hospital, Ankara, Turkey (ST)
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Caso E, Maestro A, Sabiers CC, Godino M, Caracuel Z, Pons J, Gonzalez FJ, Bautista R, Claros MG, Caso-Onzain J, Viejo-Allende E, Giannoudis PV, Alvarez S, Maietta P, Guerado E. Whole-exome sequencing analysis in twin sibling males with an anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Injury 2016; 47 Suppl 3:S41-S50. [PMID: 27692106 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(16)30605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Familial predisposition is among the major genetic risk factors for non-contact musculoskeletal tissue injuries. Personal genome sequence shows that different polymorphism profiles may account for the number and the degree of injuries and the recovery time. Genotyping studies allow investigation into genome factors with potential impact on pathogenesis of non-contact ligament injuries. We have studied a family with twin sibling males surgically diagnosed of an anterior cruciate ligament non-contact rupture and non-affected progenitors (father and mother) were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis. WES analysis previously carried out on 16 individuals, without ACL injury medical records, were also included in this study for single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions and deletions detection (indels), variant filtering and to prioritize variants relative to the disease. WES analysis to identify SNVs and indels was performed using open web-based bioinformatics tools. A set of 11 new variants shared by family members can be associated to ACL non-contact injury, including SerpinA11, ARSI, NOCHT4, EPB41, FDFT1, POMC, KIF26A, OLFML2B, ATG7, FAH and WDR6. All of them, except ATG7 and WDR6, have shown a damaging predictive pattern by combinatorial standard predictive scores. In combination to the identified SNVs of EPB41 and SerpinA11 genes, ACTL7A gene showed a predicted deleterious variant reinforcing the idea these variants impact on of fibroblast-like cells deformability and ECM misbalance, Differential gene expression and RNA sequencing analysis will help to understand the combined participation of these protein coding genes in ACL non-contact injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Caso
- Research & Development Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain.
| | - Antonio Maestro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, FREMAP, Gijon, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina C Sabiers
- Research & Development Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Godino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
| | - Zaira Caracuel
- Research & Development Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
| | - Joana Pons
- Research & Development Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
| | - F Jesus Gonzalez
- Research & Development Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
| | - Rocio Bautista
- Supercomputing and Bioinnovating Centre (SCBI), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Supercomputing and Bioinnovating Centre (SCBI), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jaime Caso-Onzain
- Research & Development Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
| | - Elena Viejo-Allende
- Research & Development Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Leeds, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Enrique Guerado
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
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