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Malige A, Markiewitz ND, Badrinath R, Baldwin KD, Wells L, Williams BA. Trampolines Versus Playgrounds - A Comparative Assessment of Pediatric Fractures Sustained From Recreational Play. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev 2024; 8:01979360-202407000-00005. [PMID: 38996208 PMCID: PMC11239173 DOI: 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-24-00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using the Pediatric Health Information System, this study compared the relative severity of fractures sustained from trampolines with those from other playground equipment. METHODS Pediatric patients were identified in the Pediatric Health Information System with trampoline-related injuries (TRIs) or playground-related injuries (PRIs) diagnosed as fractures. Adjustments were made for hospital, year of injury, sex, age, race, median household income, and rurality through propensity score weighting. Four injury-related outcome measures were examined as a proxy for injury severity. RESULTS A total of 133,232 patients met inclusion criteria. In unadjusted univariate analyses, TRIs were associated with greater odds of severe fracture and lower odds of receiving surgical treatment (OR = 0.954) compared with PRIs. After adjustment, TRIs sustained in late childhood and adolescence were more likely to receive surgical management (OR = 1.092 and OR = 1.192, respectively) while TRIs sustained in younger children were less likely (OR = 0.607) than PRIs. DISCUSSION Youths in late childhood and adolescence are at increased odds of undergoing surgical management after trampoline fractures. Beyond underscoring the risks of trampoline play, our results highlight the importance of considering age in recreational injury epidemiology and the public health safety initiatives aimed at specific age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Malige
- From the St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA (Dr. Malige), and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA (Dr. Markiewitz, Dr. Badrinath, Dr. Baldwin, Dr. Wells, and Dr. Williams)
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Teague WJ, Dipnall JF, Palmer CS, Beck B. Trampoline Park Injury Trends. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023061659. [PMID: 38058227 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-061659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trampolines are an important cause of childhood injury and focus of injury prevention. Understanding and prevention of trampoline park injury is constrained by inadequate exposure data to estimate the at-risk population. This study aimed to measure trampoline park injury incidence and time trends using industry data. METHODS Cross-sectional study to retrospectively analyze reported injuries and exposure in 18 trampoline parks operating in Australia and the Middle East, from 2017 to 2019. Exposure was derived from ticket sales and expressed as jumper hours. Exposure-adjusted incidence was measured using marginalized 0-inflated Poisson modeling and time trends using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS There were 13 256 injured trampoline park users reported from 8 387 178 jumper hours; 11% sustained significant injury. Overall, trampoline park injuries occurred at a rate of 1.14 injuries per 1000 jumper hours (95% confidence intervals 1.00 to 1.28), with rates highest for high-performance (2.11/1000 jumper hours, 1.66 to 2.56) and inflatable bag or foam pit (1.91/1000 jumper hours, 1.35 to 2.50) jumping. Significant injuries occurred at a rate of 0.11 injuries per 1000 jumper hours (0.10 to 0.13), with rates highest for high-performance (0.29/1000 jumper hours, 0.23 to 0.36), and parkour (0.22/1000 jumper hours, 0.15 to 0.28) jumping. Overall, injury rates decreased by 0.72%/month (-1.05 to -0.40) over the study period. CONCLUSIONS Trampoline park injuries occur in important numbers with sometimes serious consequences. However, within these safety standard-compliant parks, exposure-adjusted estimates show injuries to be uncommon and injury rates to be declining. Further reductions are required, especially severe injuries, and this study can enhance injury prevention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warwick J Teague
- Trauma Service, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Surgical Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanna F Dipnall
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Cameron S Palmer
- Trauma Service, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ben Beck
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Zaccaria L, Stranzinger E, Xydias T, Schaedelin S, Ziebarth K, Trück M, Sommer-Joergensen V, Aufdenblatten C, Klimek PM. Partial Remodeling after Conservative Treatment of Trampoline Fractures in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020282. [PMID: 36832411 PMCID: PMC9955576 DOI: 10.3390/children10020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Trampoline fractures (proximal tibia fracture with positive anterior tilt) are increasing. This study represents the first attempt to determine the extent of remodeling in these fractures after conservative treatment (2) Methods: This Swiss prospective multicenter study included children aged 2 to 5 years with a trampoline fracture who were radiologically examined on the day of the accident and after one year. In addition, the anterior tilt angle was compared between the injured and unaffected tibia. Remodeling was defined as complete (final anterior tilt angle ≤ 0°), incomplete (smaller but still >0°), or no remodeling. (3) Results: The mean extent of remodeling was -3.5° (95% CI: -4.29°, -2.66°, p < 0.001). Among the 89 children included in the study, 26 (29.2%) showed complete, 63 (70.8%) incomplete, and 17 patients (19.1%) no remodeling. Comparison of the anterior tilt angles between the fractured and healthy tibia showed that the anterior tilt angle on the fractured leg was, on average larger by 2.82° (95% CI: 2.01°, 3.63°; p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Although the anterior tilt angle decreased during the study period, the majority of patients showed incomplete remodeling. In contrast, children with radiological examinations >1 year after the trauma showed advanced remodeling, suggesting that one year is too short to observe complete remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zaccaria
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Center Biel, 2501 Biel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-323241383
| | - Enno Stranzinger
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Theodoros Xydias
- Pediatric Radiology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Schaedelin
- Department of Clinical Research and Data Analysis, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kai Ziebarth
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Children’s Hospital Bern, Inselspital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mike Trück
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Aufdenblatten
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Runtz A, Nallet J, Font V, Anriot M, Pechin C, Langlais J, de Billy B. Trampoline injuries in children: A prospective study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2022; 108:103289. [PMID: 35470113 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trampolining is popular and widely practiced among children. A literature review has shown a rise in the incidence of trampoline injuries with a concomitant increase in paediatric emergency department visits. The primary objective of this study was to describe the severity of trampoline injuries in children. The secondary objectives were to assess the epidemiology of the study population and injuries and to describe the treatments. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that over 10% of trampoline injuries were severe. MATERIAL AND METHODS We prospectively evaluated consecutive patients seen for surgical conditions at our paediatric emergency department over a 10-month period. Among them, 103 (1.2% of visits) aged 4 months to 16 years (mean, 8 years) had trampoline injuries. We classified trampoline injuries as severe if they required general anaesthesia. RESULTS Severe injuries accounted for 16.5% of all trampoline injuries. The upper limb was predominantly affected (70.6% of cases). Overall, 66.7% of fractures were at the upper limb and 76% of contusions at the lower limb. The predominant fracture sites were the supra-condylar humerus (15.3%) and distal radius (15.3%). Among patients with non-severe injuries, four-fifths left the emergency department with a temporary immobilisation system. DISCUSSION The proportion of severe injuries was slightly higher in our study than in earlier reports. Trampoline injuries remain uncommon but can be severe. Thus, in our study over one-sixth of patients required surgery under general anaesthesia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, prospective descriptive epidemiological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Runtz
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Jérémie Nallet
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Victor Font
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Mathilde Anriot
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Caroline Pechin
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jean Langlais
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Benoît de Billy
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
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Nunez C, Eslick GD, Elliott EJ. Trampoline centre injuries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inj Prev 2022; 28:440-445. [PMID: 35697515 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2022-044530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT No evidence-based review has compared injury risks sustained on trampolines at home and in trampoline centres. OBJECTIVE To present pooled results for injury type, site and treatment from studies reporting injuries that occurred on trampolines at home and in trampoline centres. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar and Embase databases were searched to 31 December 2021. STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria: (1) assessment of trampoline injuries (home and trampoline centres); (2) children and adolescents; (3) the point estimate was reported as an odds ratio (OR); and (4) an internal comparison was used. DATA EXTRACTION Data were reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A random-effects model was used to estimate effect. RESULTS There were 1 386 843 injuries (n=11 studies). There was an increased likelihood of musculoskeletal and/or orthopaedic injuries (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.66 to 3.61, p<0.001), lower extremity injury (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.99 to 3.97, p<0.001), sprains (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.97, p<0.001) and a need for surgery (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.60, p<0.001) at trampoline centres compared with home trampolines. Conversely, upper extremity injury (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.95, p=0.03), concussion (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.65, p<0.001) and lacerations (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.59, p<0.001) were less likely to occur at trampoline centres than at home. CONCLUSIONS Children using trampoline centres are more likely to suffer severe trauma and require surgical intervention than children using home trampolines. Development and implementation of preventative strategies, public awareness, and mandatory safety standards are urgently required for trampoline centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Nunez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia .,The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, The Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guy D Eslick
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, The Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Elliott
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, The Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Jeong C, Lee SU, Kim HG, Joo SY. Trampoline-related fractures of the proximal tibia in children. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:551. [PMID: 34496913 PMCID: PMC8424931 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trampoline-related fractures of the proximal tibial metaphysis are common in children and have been linked to subsequent valgus deformity of the tibia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of trampoline-related proximal tibial fractures in young children. Methods We evaluated 40 patients with proximal tibial fracture after trampolining between 2013 and 2019. The median duration of follow-up was 18 months. Standing long leg radiographs were obtained at the last follow-up to evaluate angular deformity and limb length inequality in the patients. The measurements recorded include the lower limb length, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), mechanical axis deviation (MAD), and anatomical tibio-femoral angle (aTFA). The anterior tilt angle (ATA) was measured using a lateral radiograph of the tibia. Results The median age at injury was 40.0 months. Using trampoline with a heavier person was the most common mechanism of injury. aTFA and MAD were found to be increased towards the valgus at the last follow-up in our patient; however, the increase was not statistically significant (p = 0.692 and p = 0.973, respectively). The anterior tilt angle was increased in the injured leg at the last follow-up. But the change was not statistically significant (p = 0.09). Conclusions Using trampoline with a heavier person carries the risk of trampoline-related proximal tibial fracture in young children. We did not find a significant change in limb alignment at a minimum of one year of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Jeong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Uk Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dong-su ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dong-su ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Joo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dong-su ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 21431, Republic of Korea.
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Chambers G, Holton C, Kraft JK. Radiological trends in trampoline-related paediatric injuries in a major paediatric trauma centre: a 6-year experience. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Review of visits to the radiology department related to trampoline injuries in a major trauma centre in the UK over a 6-year period, and analysis of imaging performed, injury type, and seasonal trends in children under 18 years of age.
Subject and methods
Retrospective review of the Radiology Information System (RIS) for requests and reports between January 2012 and December 2017 containing the search term “tramp*” with an age of < 18 years.
Results
A total of 1794 children (44% male, mean age 8.15) visited the radiology department 1871 times and received 2343 separate radiographic examinations, ten ultrasound examinations, 20 CT examinations, 19 MR examinations and two nuclear medicine examinations. Seven hundred and eighty-eight children (45.9% male) had injury demonstrated on radiographs (622 fractures and 183 soft-tissue injuries) during 796 visits to radiology. Positive CT, MRI, and US were seen in 55%, 47.3%, and 50% of cases respectively. Children under 7 years of age are more likely to have been injured compared to older children attending for X-rays, with the proportion of injuries seen in 6-year-old children being the highest (63.7%). Trampoline injury-related X-ray requests to radiology rose from 1.7% to 4% per year as a percentage of overall X-ray requests from the emergency department.
Conclusion
Trampoline injury-related visits to the radiology department and the number of injuries demonstrated on imaging studies have increased over the study period, putting greater pressure on the healthcare system. Younger children are especially prone to injury. Public health campaigns and mandatory national safety standards are needed to increase awareness of potential dangers of recreational trampoline use.
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Yoo MJ, Yoo JI, Lee JY, Park YJ, Kang-Heo. Treatment of typical trampoline fracture of the proximal tibia in children: results of minimum 1 year follow-up. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2019; 47:811-816. [PMID: 31734713 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-019-01266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the results of trampoline fracture of the proximal tibia treated with either external fixator or conservative management at a minimum 1-year follow-up. METHODS A retrospective review was performed on 22 children who between January 2005 and November 2013 presented with proximal metaphyseal fracture due to trampoline injury. Proximal metaphyseal fractures in 22 pediatric patients were clinically and radiologically evaluated. Of 22 subjects, 9 were male, 13 were female, and mean age was 4.2 years (range 2-7). RESULTS In terms of comorbid injury, 1 proximal humerus fracture, two distal humerus fractures were present. Injury mechanism-wise, jumping with companions who had a weight difference accounted for 16, similar age, but jumping with multiple companions were three, direct crush were three. There were no differences in the valgus angle or length of the legs during the 2 year follow-up period. However, epiphyseal tibia shaft angle significantly decreased and proximal epiphysis was found to be flat compared to the contralateral side. CONCLUSION Jumping with companion with a large difference in body weight, the first experience of jumping on trampoline and state of extension of knee at the time of injury was revealed to be risk factors for trampoline fractures. During a follow-up period of 1 year or longer, it was concluded that valgus deformity of lower extremity or leg length discrepancy were not noticeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Jib Yoo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Il Yoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 90 Chilamdong, Jinju, Gyeongnamdo, 660-702, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon-Yeul Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 90 Chilamdong, Jinju, Gyeongnamdo, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Heo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Buckle fracture of the proximal tibia in children and frequency of association with trampoline and inflatable bouncer use. Pediatr Radiol 2019; 49:1327-1334. [PMID: 31218392 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal tibial buckle fractures are often called "trampoline fractures," but mechanisms are more varied. OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency of trampoline or bouncer etiology among children with buckle fracture of the proximal tibia, characterizing demographics, alternative etiologies, and fracture patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed retrospective chart review of mechanisms, age and gender of children with radiographs interpreted as proximal tibial buckle fracture between 2010 and 2016. Two pediatric radiologists assessed presence of cortical impaction, cortical break, increased anterior scoop deformity, and oblique extension of fracture toward the physis. We studied the associations among demographics, etiology and fracture appearance using analysis of variance and chi-square/Fisher exact tests. RESULTS We identified 145 exams interpreted as proximal tibial buckle fracture (median age 34 months, 64% girls). Bouncing surface was the most common mechanism (44%), and 80% of those cases reported multiple people on the bouncing surface. Falls were the second most common mechanism (30%). Children injured while bouncing were older (median 41 months) than others (median 21 months, P<0.005) and more likely to have oblique extension of fracture toward the physis (P<0.05). Buckle deformity was associated with a younger age (F=8.67; P<0.01), while oblique extension to the physis and concurrent fibula fracture were associated with older age (F=18.62, P<0.001; and F=8.02, P<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION Trampoline use was the most common single mechanism of injury in children with proximal tibial fracture interpreted as buckle deformity. However, non-bouncing mechanisms were overall more common and occurred in a younger age group at risk for "toddler fractures."
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Kang MS, Kim HS. Characteristics and trends of traumatic injuries in children visiting emergency departments in South Korea: A retrospective serial cross-sectional study using both nationwide-sample and single-institutional data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220798. [PMID: 31398222 PMCID: PMC6688833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the incidences and characteristics of pediatric traumatic injuries requiring emergency department visits, through a complementary approach using both nationwide-sample and single-institutional data. Data for children (aged <15 years) identified with traumatic injuries during a 10-year period from the Korean National Health Insurance Sharing Service (n = 35,064 among 10,114,909 randomly sampled cases from the claim records of the National Health Insurance) and the authors' institute (n = 39,228) were retrospectively reviewed. The incidences and characteristics of the injuries were investigated using both datasets; additionally, detailed information regarding the injury environments was investigated using the single-institutional data. The findings were similar across both datasets. The incidence of injuries increased during the study period; the head was most commonly injured, whereas the trunk or proximal extremities were rarely injured; low-energy head injuries accounted for >50% of the cases in children aged <5 years, although the incidences of lower-extremity injuries and fractures increased in older children. Single-institutional data demonstrated that the proportion of indoor playground and trampoline-related injuries increased rapidly during the study period, and outdoor injuries and seasonal variation (with peak incidences in May and June) were more prominent in older children. Based on similarities between both datasets, the detailed results regarding pediatric traumatic injuries obtained from the single-institutional data could be generalized nationally with adequate external validity. To prevent traumatic injuries, it may be more effective to wear protective equipment covering the head and distal extremities rather than the trunk or proximal extremities; simple clothing, such as caps, could prevent many injuries in preschoolers. Among older children, safety guidelines for outdoor sports/leisure activities are needed. The increase in pediatric traumatic injuries may be partially explained by the increased availability of indoor playgrounds and installation of trampolines. Stricter adherence to the preventive guidelines is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seungcheol Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Han-Soo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Toepfer A. [Not Available]. MMW Fortschr Med 2019; 161:19-22. [PMID: 30887354 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-019-0247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Toepfer
- Kantonspital St. Gallen, Klinik für Orthopädische Chirurgie und Traumatologie des Bewegungsapparates, Rorschacher Str. 95, CH-9007, St. Gallen, Schweiz.
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Cho MJ, Kim J, Kim SJ, Kyoung KH, Keum MA, Park SK. Rapidly growing pediatric trampoline-related injuries in Korea: a 10-year single center retrospective study. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2018; 62:90-94. [PMID: 30304896 PMCID: PMC6434230 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2018.06814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Several published policy statements have warned against the risks associated with trampoline use and recommended safety guidelines. However, few studies have focused on trampoline-related injuries in Korea. This study aimed to assess the incidence and characteristics of pediatric trampoline-related injuries presented to Ulsan University Hospital. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children aged <16 years with trampoline-related injuries who visited our Emergency Department between 2008 and 2017. Results Over the 10-year period, 178 trampoline-related injuries were reported, which represented a significant increase (P=0.016). Most (87.6%) of the injuries occurred during the last 5 study years, and a rapid increase in injuries was observed in children aged <6 years. Lower extremity injuries (62.4%) were the most common, followed by injuries of the upper extremities, head and face, and trunk, including injuries to the neck and spine. Sixty-seven children (37.6%) had fractures, and proximal tibia fractures were the most common. Fractures were significantly more common in younger children (<6 years old) than in older children (P=0.026). Conclusion In Korea, the mechanism of trampoline injury is similar to that of injuries incurred in indoor trampoline parks but is characterized by smaller spaces and multiple users. Trampoline use and the incidence of trampoline-related injuries in children aged <6 years are increasing rapidly. Prohibiting the use of trampolines for children aged <6 years, restricting simultaneous use by multiple children, and ensuring adult supervision should be strictly emphasized. Public awareness and policy guidelines are needed to reduce the incidence of trampoline-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeng Cho
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sung Jeep Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyouck Kyoung
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Min Ae Keum
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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Abstract
Despite previous recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics discouraging home use of trampolines, recreational use of trampolines in the home setting continues to be a popular activity among children and adolescents. This policy statement is an update to previous statements, reflecting the current literature on prevalence, patterns, and mechanisms of trampoline-related injuries. Most trampoline injuries occur with multiple simultaneous users on the mat. Cervical spine injuries often occur with falls off the trampoline or with attempts at somersaults or flips. Studies on the efficacy of trampoline safety measures are reviewed, and although there is a paucity of data, current implementation of safety measures have not appeared to mitigate risk substantially. Therefore, the home use of trampolines is strongly discouraged. The role of trampoline as a competitive sport and in structured training settings is reviewed, and recommendations for enhancing safety in these environments are made.
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