1
|
Siverino C, Metsemakers WJ, Sutter R, Della Bella E, Morgenstern M, Barcik J, Ernst M, D'Este M, Joeris A, Chittò M, Schwarzenberg P, Stoddart M, Vanvelk N, Richards G, Wehrle E, Weisemann F, Zeiter S, Zalavras C, Varga P, Moriarty TF. Clinical management and innovation in fracture non-union. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39126182 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2391491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the introduction and continuous improvement in operative fracture fixation, even the most severe bone fractures can be treated with a high rate of successful healing. However, healing complications can occur and when healing fails over prolonged time, the outcome is termed a fracture non-union. Non-union is generally believed to develop due to inadequate fixation, underlying host-related factors, or infection. Despite the advancements in fracture fixation and infection management, there is still a clear need for earlier diagnosis, improved prediction of healing outcomes and innovation in the treatment of non-union. AREAS COVERED This review provides a detailed description of non-union from a clinical perspective, including the state of the art in diagnosis, treatment, and currently available biomaterials and orthobiologics.Subsequently, recent translational development from the biological, mechanical, and infection research fields are presented, including the latest in smart implants, osteoinductive materials, and in silico modeling. EXPERT OPINION The first challenge for future innovations is to refine and to identify new clinical factors for the proper definition, diagnosis, and treatment of non-union. However, integration of in vitro, in vivo, and in silico research will enable a comprehensive understanding of non-union causes and correlations, leading to the development of more effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Siverino
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - W-J Metsemakers
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Sutter
- Radiology Department, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Della Bella
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - M Morgenstern
- Center for Musculoskeletal Infections, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Barcik
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - M Ernst
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - M D'Este
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - A Joeris
- AO Innovation Translation Center, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - M Chittò
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | | | - M Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - N Vanvelk
- Trauma Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Richards
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - E Wehrle
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Weisemann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany
| | - S Zeiter
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - C Zalavras
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P Varga
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - T F Moriarty
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
- Center for Musculoskeletal Infections, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salichos L, Thayavally R, Kloen P, Hadjiargyrou M. Human nonunion tissues display differential gene expression in comparison to physiological fracture callus. Bone 2024; 183:117091. [PMID: 38570121 PMCID: PMC11023750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The healing of bone fractures can become aberrant and lead to nonunions which in turn have a negative impact on patient health. Understanding why a bone fails to normally heal will enable us to make a positive impact in a patient's life. While we have a wealth of molecular data on rodent models of fracture repair, it is not the same with humans. As such, there is still a lack of information regarding the molecular differences between normal physiological repair and nonunions. This study was designed to address this gap in our molecular knowledge of the human repair process by comparing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between physiological fracture callus and two different nonunion types, hypertrophic (HNU) and oligotrophic (ONU). RNA sequencing data revealed over ∼18,000 genes in each sample. Using the physiological callus as the control and the nonunion samples as the experimental groups, bioinformatic analyses identified 67 and 81 statistically significant DEGs for HNU and ONU, respectively. Out of the 67 DEGs for the HNU, 34 and 33 were up and down-regulated, respectively. Similarly, out of the 81 DEGs for the ONU, 48 and 33 were up and down-regulated, respectively. Additionally, we also identified common genes between the two nonunion samples; 8 (10.8 %) upregulated and 12 (22.2 %) downregulated. We further identified many biological processes, with several statistically significant ones. Some of these were related to muscle and were common between the two nonunion samples. This study represents the first comprehensive attempt to understand the global molecular events occurring in human nonunion biology. With further research, we can perhaps decipher new molecular pathways involved in aberrant healing of human bone fractures that can be therapeutically targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Salichos
- Department of Biological & Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY 10023, USA; Center for Biomedical Data Science, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY 10023, USA
| | - Rishika Thayavally
- Department of Biological & Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY 10023, USA; Center for Biomedical Data Science, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY 10023, USA
| | - Peter Kloen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences, (Tissue Function and Regeneration), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Center for Biomedical Data Science, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY 10023, USA; Department of Biological & Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dai Y, Yi X, Huang Y, Qian K, Huang L, Hu J, Liu Y. miR-345-3p Modulates M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization to Inhibit Inflammation in Bone Infection via Targeting MAP3K1 and NF-κB Pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:844-854. [PMID: 38231123 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Infection after fracture fixation (IAFF), a complex infectious disease, causes inflammatory destruction of bone tissue and poses a significant clinical challenge. miR-345-3p is a biomarker for tibial infected nonunion; however, the comprehensive mechanistic role of miR-345-3p in IAFF is elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-345-3p in IAFF pathogenesis through in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vivo, in a rat model of IAFF, miR-345-3p expression was downregulated, accompanied by increased M1 macrophage infiltration and secretion of proinflammatory factors. In vitro, LPS induced differentiation of primary rat bone marrow-derived macrophages into M1 macrophages, which was attenuated by miR-345-3p mimics. miR-345-3p promoted M1 to M2 macrophage transition-it reduced the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 86, inducible NO synthase, IL-1β, and TNF-α but elevated those of CD163, arginase-1, IL-4, and IL-10. MAPK kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1), a target mRNA of miR-345-3p, was overexpressed in the bone tissue of IAFF rats compared with that in those of the control rats. The M1 to M2 polarization inhibited MAP3K1 signaling pathways in vitro. Conversely, MAP3K1 overexpression promoted the transition from M2 to M1. miR-345-3p significantly inhibited NF-κB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in a MAP3K1-dependent manner. In conclusion, miR-345-3p promotes the polarization of M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype by inhibiting the MAP3K1 and NF-κB pathways. These findings provide insight into the pathogenesis and immunotherapeutic strategies for IAFF and offer potential new targets for subsequent research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolan Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaoliang Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hadjiargyrou M, Salichos L, Kloen P. Identification of the miRNAome in human fracture callus and nonunion tissues. J Orthop Translat 2023; 39:113-123. [PMID: 36909863 PMCID: PMC9996375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonunions remain a challenging post-traumatic complication that often leads to a financial and health burden that affects the patient's quality of life. Despite a wealth of knowledge about fracture repair, especially gene and more recently miRNA expression, much remains unknown about the molecular differences between normal physiological repair (callus tissue) and a nonunion. To probe this lack of knowledge, we embarked on a study that sought to identify and compare the human miRNAome of normal bone to that present in a normal fracture callus and those from two different classic nonunion types, hypertrophic and oligotrophic. Methods Normal bone and callus tissue samples were harvested during revision surgery from patients with physiological fracture repair and nonunions (hypertrophic and oligotrophic) and analyzed using histology. Also, miRNAs were isolated and screened using microarrays followed by bioinformatic analyses, including, differential expression, pathways and biological processes, as well as elucidation of target genes. Results Out of 30,424 mature miRNAs (from 203 organisms) screened via microarrays, 635 (∼2.1%) miRNAs were found to be upregulated and 855 (∼2.8%) downregulated in the fracture callus and nonunion tissues as compared to intact bone. As our tissue samples were derived from humans, we focused on the human miRNAs and out of the 4223 human miRNAs, 86 miRNAs (∼2.0%) were upregulated and 51 (∼1.2%) were downregulated. Although there were similarities between the three experimental samples, we also found specific miRNAs that were unique to individual samples. We further identified the predicted target genes from these differentially expressed miRNAs as well as the relevant biological processes, including specific signaling pathways that are activated in all three experimental samples. Conclusion Collectively, this is the first comprehensive study reporting on the miRNAome of intact bone as compared to fracture callus and nonunion tissues. Further, we identify specific miRNAs involved in normal physiological fracture repair as well as those of nonunions. The translational potential of this article The data generated from this study further increase our molecular understanding of the roles of miRNAs during normal and aberrant fracture repair and this knowledge can be used in the future in the development of miRNA-based therapeutics for skeletal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Biological & Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Leonidas Salichos
- Department of Biological & Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Peter Kloen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, (Tissue Function and Regeneration), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Breulmann FL, Hatt LP, Schmitz B, Wehrle E, Richards RG, Della Bella E, Stoddart MJ. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of microRNAs for fracture healing processes and non-union fractures: A systematic review. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1161. [PMID: 36629031 PMCID: PMC9832434 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 10% of all bone fractures result in delayed fracture healing or non-union; thus, the identification of biomarkers and prognostic factors is of great clinical interest. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be involved in the regulation of the bone healing process and may serve as functional markers for fracture healing. AIMS AND METHODS This systematic review aimed to identify common miRNAs involved in fracture healing or non-union fractures using a qualitative approach. A systematic literature search was performed with the keywords 'miRNA and fracture healing' and 'miRNA and non-union fracture'. Any original article investigating miRNAs in fracture healing or non-union fractures was screened. Eventually, 82 studies were included in the qualitative analysis for 'miRNA and fracture healing', while 19 were selected for the 'miRNA and fracture non-union' category. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Out of 151 miRNAs, miR-21, miR-140 and miR-214 were the most investigated miRNAs in fracture healing in general. miR-31-5p, miR-221 and miR-451-5p were identified to be regulated specifically in non-union fractures. Large heterogeneity was detected between studies investigating the role of miRNAs in fracture healing or non-union in terms of patient population, sample types and models used. Nonetheless, our approach identified some miRNAs with the potential to serve as biomarkers for non-union fractures, including miR-31-5p, miR-221 and miR-451-5p. We provide a discussion of involved pathways and suggest on alignment of future research in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lioba Breulmann
- AO Research Institute DavosDavos PlatzSwitzerland
- Department of Orthopedic Sports MedicineKlinikum Rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Luan Phelipe Hatt
- AO Research Institute DavosDavos PlatzSwitzerland
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Boris Schmitz
- Department of Rehabilitation SciencesFaculty of HealthUniversity of Witten/HerdeckeWittenGermany
- DRV Clinic KönigsfeldCenter for Medical RehabilitationEnnepetalGermany
| | - Esther Wehrle
- AO Research Institute DavosDavos PlatzSwitzerland
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Robert Geoff Richards
- AO Research Institute DavosDavos PlatzSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineMedical Center‐Albert‐Ludwigs‐University of FreiburgAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | | | - Martin James Stoddart
- AO Research Institute DavosDavos PlatzSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineMedical Center‐Albert‐Ludwigs‐University of FreiburgAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis of lncRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles in Bone Nonunion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9110449. [PMID: 36275904 PMCID: PMC9581694 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9110449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Bone nonunion is a serious complication of fracture. This study explored the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and mRNAs (DEGs) and identified potential lncRNA-mRNA interactions in bone nonunion. Methods We extracted total RNA from three bone nonunion and three bone union patient tissue samples. RNA sequencing was performed to detect DELs and DEGs between bone nonunion and union tissue samples. The lncRNAs and genes with absolute log2-fold change (log2FC) > 1 and adjusted p value < 0.05 were further chosen for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. lncRNA and targeted mRNA interaction networks were constructed. Results We observed 179 DELs and 415 DEGs between the bone nonunion and union tissue samples. GO analysis indicated that DELs and DEGs were mainly enriched in the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process. DELs and DEGs were enriched in “ECM-receptor interaction” and “Staphylococcus aureus infection” KEGG pathways. Several potential lncRNA-mRNA interactions were also predicted. Conclusions This study identified bone nonunion-associated lncRNAs and mRNAs using deep sequencing that may be useful as potential biomarkers for bone nonunion.
Collapse
|
7
|
Daskalakis E, Huang B, Vyas C, Acar AA, Fallah A, Cooper G, Weightman A, Koc B, Blunn G, Bartolo P. Novel 3D Bioglass Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:445. [PMID: 35160435 PMCID: PMC8839207 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of scaffolds with optimal biomechanical properties for load-bearing applications is an important topic of research. Most studies have addressed this problem by focusing on the material composition and not on the coupled effect between the material composition and the scaffold architecture. Polymer-bioglass scaffolds have been investigated due to the excellent bioactivity properties of bioglass, which release ions that activate osteogenesis. However, material preparation methods usually require the use of organic solvents that induce surface modifications on the bioglass particles, compromising the adhesion with the polymeric material thus compromising mechanical properties. In this paper, we used a simple melt blending approach to produce polycaprolactone/bioglass pellets to construct scaffolds with pore size gradient. The results show that the addition of bioglass particles improved the mechanical properties of the scaffolds and, due to the selected architecture, all scaffolds presented mechanical properties in the cortical bone region. Moreover, the addition of bioglass indicated a positive long-term effect on the biological performance of the scaffolds. The pore size gradient also induced a cell spreading gradient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Daskalakis
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (E.D.); (B.H.); (C.V.); (G.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Boyang Huang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (E.D.); (B.H.); (C.V.); (G.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Cian Vyas
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (E.D.); (B.H.); (C.V.); (G.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Anil Ahmet Acar
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (A.A.A.); (A.F.); (B.K.)
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ali Fallah
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (A.A.A.); (A.F.); (B.K.)
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Glen Cooper
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (E.D.); (B.H.); (C.V.); (G.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrew Weightman
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (E.D.); (B.H.); (C.V.); (G.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Bahattin Koc
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (A.A.A.); (A.F.); (B.K.)
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK;
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (E.D.); (B.H.); (C.V.); (G.C.); (A.W.)
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li SJ, Cai ZW, Yang HF, Tang XD, Fang X, Qiu L, Wang F, Chen XL. A Next-Generation Sequencing of Plasma Exosome-Derived microRNAs and Target Gene Analysis with a Microarray Database of Thermally Injured Skins: Identification of Blood-to-Tissue Interactions at Early Burn Stage. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6783-6798. [PMID: 34916825 PMCID: PMC8670889 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s343956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma exosome-derived microRNA (miRNA) profiles following thermal injury and their relationship with gene expression derangements in burned skin remain unexplored. This study focused on the identification of key miRNA-mRNA axes in potential blood-to-tissue interactions at early burn stage. Methods Plasma exosomes were obtained from 6 severe burn patients 4–7 days post injury and 6 healthy volunteers. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of exosomal small RNAs presented the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Target genes of the DEMs were predicted in the mirDIP database. Dataset GSE8056 was enrolled to acquire differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in burned skin compared to normal skin. Overlap between the DEGs and target genes of the DEMs were focus genes. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and enrichment analyses of the focus genes demonstrated hub genes and suggested underlying mechanisms and pathways. The hub genes and upstream DEMs were selected to construct key miRNA-mRNA axes. Results The NGS of plasma exosome-derived small RNAs identified 85 DEMs (14 downregulated miRNAs and 71 upregulated miRNAs) with 12,901 predicted target genes. Dataset GSE8056 exhibited 1861 DEGs in partial-thickness burned skins 4–7 days postburn. The overlap between DEGs and target genes of DEMs displayed 1058 focus genes. The top 9 hub genes (CDK1, CCNB1, CCNA2, BUB1B, PLK1, KIF11, AURKA, NUSAP1 and CDCA8) in the PPI network of the focus genes pointed to 16 upstream miRNAs in DEMs, including 4 downregulated miRNAs (hsa-miR-6848-3p, has-miR-4684-3p, has-miR-4786-5p and has-miR-365a-5p) and 12 upregulated miRNAs (hsa-miR-6751-3p, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-4754, hsa-miR-6754-3p, hsa-miR-4739, hsa-miR-6739-5p, hsa-miR-6884-3p, hsa-miR-1224-3p, hsa-miR-6878-3p, hsa-miR-6795-3p, hsa-miR-550a-3p, and hsa-miR-550b-3p). A key miRNA-mRNA network in potential blood-to-tissue interactions at early burn stage was therefore constructed. Conclusion An NGS and bioinformatic analysis in the study identified key miRNA-mRNA axes in potential blood-to-tissue interactions at early burn stage, suggesting plasma exosome-derived miRNAs may impact on the alteration patterns of gene expressions in a burn wound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ji Li
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wen Cai
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fu Yang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Tang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Fang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Qiu
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alt V, Giannoudis PV. Musculoskeletal infections: A call for papers to continue the battle against this devastating global challenge. Injury 2021; 52:3187-3188. [PMID: 34740386 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Alt
- Director and Chairman, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Professor-Section Head, Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wildemann B, Ignatius A, Leung F, Taitsman LA, Smith RM, Pesántez R, Stoddart MJ, Richards RG, Jupiter JB. Non-union bone fractures. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:57. [PMID: 34354083 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The human skeleton has remarkable regenerative properties, being one of the few structures in the body that can heal by recreating its normal cellular composition, orientation and mechanical strength. When the healing process of a fractured bone fails owing to inadequate immobilization, failed surgical intervention, insufficient biological response or infection, the outcome after a prolonged period of no healing is defined as non-union. Non-union represents a chronic medical condition not only affecting function but also potentially impacting the individual's psychosocial and economic well-being. This Primer provides the reader with an in-depth understanding of our contemporary knowledge regarding the important features to be considered when faced with non-union. The normal mechanisms involved in bone healing and the factors that disrupt the normal signalling mechanisms are addressed. Epidemiological considerations and advances in the diagnosis and surgical therapy of non-union are highlighted and the need for greater efforts in basic, translational and clinical research are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britt Wildemann
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany. .,Julius Wolff Institute and BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden Württemberg, Germany
| | - Frankie Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lisa A Taitsman
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Malcolm Smith
- Orthopedic trauma service, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Pesántez
- Departamento de Ortopedia Y Traumatología Fundación Santa Fé de Bogotá - Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Jesse B Jupiter
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Massachussets General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Giannoudis PV, Richards GR. Publishing research that could be further developed and translated should continue to be a priority. Injury 2021; 52:9-10. [PMID: 33461695 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter V Giannoudis
- Professor and Chairman, Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds;; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK.
| | - Geoff R Richards
- Executive Director Research & Development, AO Foundation, Clavadelerstrasse 8
- 7270 Davos
- Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|