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Hofmann J, Bewersdorf TN, Sommer U, Lingner T, Findeisen S, Schamberger C, Schmidmaier G, Großner T. Impact of Antibiotic-Loaded PMMA Spacers on the Osteogenic Potential of hMSCs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:44. [PMID: 38247603 PMCID: PMC10812455 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-loaded PMMA bone cement is frequently used in modern trauma and orthopedic surgery. Although many of the antibiotics routinely applied are described to have cytotoxic effects in the literature, clinical experience shows no adverse effects for bone healing. To determine the effects of antibiotic-loaded PMMA spacers on osteogenesis in vitro, we cultivated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs) in the presence of PMMA spacers containing Gentamicin, Vancomycin, Gentamicin + Clindamycin as well as Gentamicin + Vancomycin in addition to a blank control (agarose) and PMMA containing no antibiotics. The cell number was assessed with DAPI staining, and the osteogenic potential was evaluated by directly measuring the amount of hydroxyapatite synthesized using radioactive 99mTc-HDP labelling as well as measuring the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the cell culture medium supernatant. The results showed that Gentamicin and Vancomycin as well as their combination show a certain amount of cytotoxicity but no negative effect on osteogenic potential. The combination of Gentamicin and Clindamycin, on the other hand, led to a drastic reduction in both the cell count and the osteogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Hofmann
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.N.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Tim Niklas Bewersdorf
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.N.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Ulrike Sommer
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.N.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Thomas Lingner
- Genevention GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Str. 28A, 37079 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Findeisen
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.N.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Christian Schamberger
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.N.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Gerhard Schmidmaier
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.N.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Tobias Großner
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.N.B.); (S.F.)
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99mTc-HDP Labeling-A Non-Destructive Method for Real-Time Surveillance of the Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of hMSC during Ongoing Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415874. [PMID: 36555513 PMCID: PMC9785440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
99-Metastabil Technetium (99mTc) is a radiopharmaceutical widely used in skeletal scintigraphy. Recent publications show it can also be used to determine the osteogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by binding to hydroxyapatite formed during bone tissue engineering. This field lacks non-destructive methods to track live osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. However, no data about the uptake kinetics of 99mTc and its effect on osteogenesis of hMSCs have been published yet. We therefore evaluated the saturation time of 99mTc by incubating hMSC cultures for different periods, and the saturation concentration by using different amounts of 99mTc activity for incubation. The influence of 99mTc on osteogenic potential of hMSCs was then evaluated by labeling a continuous hMSC culture three times over the course of 3 weeks, and comparing the findings to cultures labeled once. Our findings show that 99mTc saturation time is less than 0.25 h, and saturation concentration is between 750 and 1000 MBq. Repeated exposure to γ-radiation emitted by 99mTc had no negative effects on hMSC cultures. These new insights can be used to make this highly promising method broadly available to support researchers in the field of bone tissue engineering using this method to track and evaluate, in real-time, the osteogenic differentiation of hMSC, without any negative influence on the cell viability, or their osteogenic differentiation potential.
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Jones E, Bégué T. Novel approaches in biomaterial- and cell-based bone regeneration. Injury 2022; 53 Suppl 2:S1. [PMID: 36244717 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Thierry Bégué
- Department of Orthopedic, Traumatological and Reconstructive Surgery, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Paris-Saclay University, Paris.
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Effects of Different Basal Cell Culture Media upon the Osteogenic Response of hMSCs Evaluated by 99mTc-HDP Labeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116288. [PMID: 35682966 PMCID: PMC9181423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is now a standard procedure in modern bone tissue engineering. As this is a promising field for future clinical applications, many cell culture media exist to promote osteogenic differentiation. Prior to differentiation, cells must be expanded to obtain sufficient numbers for experiments. Little evidence is available regarding the optimal media combination for expansion and differentiation to maximize the osteogenic response. Therefore, human BM-MSCs (n = 6) were expanded in parallel in DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium) LG (Low Glucose) and α-MEM (Minimum Essential Media alpha-modification), followed by simultaneous monolayer differentiation toward the osteogenic lineage in: 1. DMEM LG (Low Glucose), 2. DMEM HG (High Glucose), 3. α-MEM, 4. “Bernese medium”, and 5. “Verfaillie medium”, with a corresponding negative control (total 20 groups). As a marker for osteogenic differentiation, hydroxyapatite was accessed using radioactive 99mTc-HDP labeling and quantitative alizarin red staining. The results indicate that all media except “Bernese medium” are suitable for osteogenic differentiation, while there was evidence that DMEM LG is partly superior when used for expansion and differentiation of BM-hMSCs. Using “Verfaillie medium” after DMEM LG expansion led to the highest grade of osteogenic differentiation. Nevertheless, the difference was not significant. Therefore, we recommend using DMEM LG for robust osteogenic differentiation, as it is highly suitable for that purpose, economical compared to other media, and requires little preparation time.
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Hofmann J, Klingele S, Haberkorn U, Schmidmaier G, Grossner T. Impact of High-Dose Anti-Infective Agents on the Osteogenic Response of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101257. [PMID: 34680837 PMCID: PMC8532700 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of infected nonunions and severe bone infections is a huge challenge in modern orthopedics. Their treatment routinely includes the use of anti-infective agents. Although frequently used, little is known about their impact on the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. In a high- and low-dose set-up, this study evaluates the effects of the antibiotics Gentamicin and Vancomycin as well as the antifungal agent Voriconazole on the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblast-like cells and synthesize hydroxyapatite in a monolayer cell culture. The osteogenic activity was assessed by measuring calcium and phosphate concentrations as well as alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin concentration in the cell culture medium supernatant. The amount of hydroxyapatite was measured directly by radioactive 99mTechnetium-HDP labeling. Regarding the osteogenic markers, it could be concluded that the osteogenesis was successful within the groups treated with osteogenic cell culture media. The results revealed that all anti-infective agents have a cytotoxic effect on mesenchymal stem cells, especially in higher concentrations, whereas the measured absolute amount of hydroxyapatite was independent of the anti-infective agent used. Normed to the number of cells it can therefore be concluded that the above-mentioned anti-infective agents actually have a positive effect on osteogenesis while high-dose Gentamycin, in particular, is apparently capable of boosting the deposition of minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Hofmann
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Sabrina Klingele
- Tissue & Cell Banking GmbH (TICEBA GmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmidmaier
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Tobias Grossner
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-35-443
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