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Dongmo S, Zaubitzer S, Schüler P, Krieck S, Jörissen L, Wohlfahrt-Mehrens M, Westerhausen M, Marinaro M. Stripping and Plating a Magnesium Metal Anode in Bromide-Based Non-Nucleophilic Electrolytes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:3530-3538. [PMID: 32243696 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A non-nucleophilic Hauser base hexamethyldisilazide (HMDS) magnesium electrolyte possesses inherent properties required for a magnesium-sulfur battery. However, the development of full cell batteries using HMDSCl-based electrolytes is still hampered by a low coulombic efficiency. A new electrolyte formulation of non-nucleophilic HMDS magnesium containing bromide as a halide instead of chloride was obtained through a simple and straightforward synthesis route. The electrochemistry of magnesium was investigated through plating and stripping in three different HMDSBr-based electrolytes: Mg(HMDS)Br, Mg(HMDS)Br-BEt3 , and Mg(HMDS)Br-AlEt3 dissolved in tetrahydrofuran. The different magnesium species present in the electrolytes were determined using NMR. Weak electron-withdrawing Lewis acids, BEt3 and AlEt3 were used intentionally and their impact was investigated. Contrary to expectation, the substitution of chloride by bromide does not drastically narrow the electrochemical stability window. HMDSBr-based electrolytes demonstrated long-term (1000 cycles) stable reversibility and highly efficient (≈99 %) magnesium plating/tripping without a high ratio of bromide compared with the MgHMDSCl-based electrolytes. The aprotic electrolyte shows comparatively high anodic stability (≈2.4 V vs. Mg/Mg2+ ) and high ionic conductivity of 1.16 mS cm-1 at room temperature. Plating of magnesium with low overpotential (<188 mV) revealed a morphology dependence on the electrolyte type with a shiny metallic homogenous layer, suggesting a rational balance between the nucleation and growth process in HMDSBr-based electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saustin Dongmo
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtzstraße 8, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steve Zaubitzer
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtzstraße 8, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp Schüler
- Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ludwig Jörissen
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtzstraße 8, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtzstraße 8, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Mario Marinaro
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtzstraße 8, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Birkelbach VM, Stuhl C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Mixed Methyl Aryloxy Rare-Earth-Metal Complexes Stabilized by a Superbulky Tris(pyrazolyl)borato Ligand. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena M. Birkelbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Stuhl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Westerhausen M, Koch A, Görls H, Krieck S. Heavy Grignard Reagents: Synthesis, Physical and Structural Properties, Chemical Behavior, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2016; 23:1456-1483. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
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Romero N, Vendier L, Dinoi C, Etienne M. Highly fluorinated hydrotris(indazolyl)borate calcium complexes: the structure and reactivity heavily depend on the ligand's electronic properties. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:10114-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00884g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Langer J, Krieck S, Görls H, Kreisel G, Seidel W, Westerhausen M. Organic heterobimetallic complexes of the alkaline earth metals (Ae = Ca, Sr, Ba) with tetrahedral metallate anions of three-valent metals (M = B, Al, Ga, and V). NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00136h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Michel O, Meermann C, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Alkaline-Earth Metal Alkylaluminate Chemistry Revisited. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900342h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Michel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Meermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Krieck S, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Synthesis and Properties of Calcium Tetraorganylalanates with [Me4−nAlPhn]− Anions. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800509p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Strasse 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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