A selective fluorescence probe for yttrium(III) based on acylhydrazone Schiff base

The highly selective green colorimetric detection of yttrium ions in biological and environmental samples using the synergistic effect in an optical sensor

A new eco-friendly method for creating an optical sensor membrane specifically designed to detect yttrium ions (Y3+) has been developed. The proposed sensor membrane is fabricated by integrating 4-(2-arsonophenylazo) salicylic acid (APASA), sodium tetraphenylborate (Na-TPB), and tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) into a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) matrix with dimethyl sebacate (DMS) as the plasticizer. In this sensor membrane, APASA functions dually as an ionophore and a chromoionophore, while TOPO enhances the complexation of Y3+ ions with APASA. The composition of the sensor membrane has been meticulously optimized to achieve peak performance. The current membrane exhibits a linear dynamic range for Y3+ ions from 8.0 × 10-9 to 2.3 × 10-5 M, with detection and quantification limits of 2.3 × 10-9 and 7.7 × 10-9 M, respectively. No interference from other potentially interfering cations and anions was observed in the determination of Y3+. The membrane showed strong stability and a swift response time of about 3.0 minutes, with no signs of APASA leaching. This sensor is highly selective for Y3+ ions and can be renewed by treating it with 0.15 M HNO3. It has been effectively applied to measure Y3+ in nickel-based alloys, as well as in biological and environmental samples.

Colorimetric and Fluorometric N-Acylhydrazone-based Chemosensors for Detection of Single to Multiple Metal Ions: Design Strategies and Analytical Applications

The development of optical sensors for metal ions has gained significant attention due to their broad applications in biology, the environment, and medicine. Colorimetric and fluorometric detection methods are particularly valued for their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, high detection limits, and analytical power. Among various chemical probes, the hydrazone functional group stands out for its extensive study and utility, owing to its ease of synthesis and adaptability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of N-acylhydrazone-based probes, serving as highly effective colorimetric and fluorometric chemosensors for a diverse range of metal ions. Probes are categorized into single-ion, dual-ion, and multi-ion chemosensors, each further classified based on the detected metal(s). Additionally, the review discusses detection modes, detection limits, association constants, and spectroscopic measurements.

The Novel Fluorescent Probe Toward Yttrium(III) and its Bioimaging

In this paper, the novel fluorescence probe XP based on Schiff-base was designed, synthesized and characterized, which could detect Y³⁺selectively and sensitively. The recognition mechanism of XP toward Y³⁺ was studied by Job's plot and HRMS. It was investigated that stoichiometric ratio of the probe XP conjugated with Y³⁺ was 1:2. And the detection limit was calculated as 0.30 μM. In addition, Y³⁺ was recognized by the test paper made from XP. And the probe XP could detect  Y³⁺ selectively in Caenorhabditis elegans and the main organs of mice. Thus, XP was considered to have some potential for application in bioimaging.

Mo(vi) complexes of amide-imine conjugates for tuning the selectivity of fluorescence recognition of Y(iii) vs. Pb(ii)

Two amide-imine conjugates, viz. 3-methyl-benzoic acid (4-diethylamino-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazide (L1) and 3-methyl-benzoic acid (2-hydroxy-naphthalen-1-ylmethylene)-hydrazide (L2), have been prepared and used for a further synthesis of Mo(vi) complexes (M1 and M2, respectively). Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed their structures. Interestingly, M1 selectively recognizes Y3+ and Pb2+ at two different wavelengths, whereas M2 selectively interacts with Y3+ with a significantly high binding constant, 1.3 × 105 M-1. The proposed sensing mechanism involves the displacement of Mo(vi) by Y3+/Pb2+ from respective Mo(vi) complexes. The TCSPC experiment also substantiates the "turn-on" fluorescence process. A logic gate has been constructed utilizing the fluorescence recognition of cations by M1. DFT studies corroborated the cation-probe interactions and allowed exploring the orbital energy parameters.

Fluorescence modulation of naphthalene containing salicyl hydrazide-based receptor through aggregation-induced emission enhancement approach: Dual detection of lanthanum and cyanide ions in semi-aqueous medium

The sensing activity of naphthalene containing salicyl hydrazide-based fluorescence receptor has been improved through aggregation-induced enhanced emission mechanism approach in semi-aqueous medium. The receptor has been found to be selective toward La³⁺ with approximately 70-fold fluorescence enhancement due to a combined effect of keto-enol tautomerism inhibition and chelation enhanced fluorescence with a detection limit of 3.91 × 10^-6 M. In addition, the receptor is also able to sense CN^- with a detection limit of 3.55 × 10^-6 M via deprotonation effect, justifying its multiple analyte sensing behaviour. Hence, the current analytical methodology improves the sensing activity of the probe and also provides a greener alternative for La³⁺ and CN^- detection.

Mechanistic study of colorimetric and absorbance sensor developed for trivalent yttrium (Y3+) using chlortetracycline-functionalized silver nanoparticles

The presence of hazardous, radioactive, and rare earth metal such as yttrium (Y³⁺) in water poses a serious health concern to the public health, thus, exploring novel Y³⁺-binding molecules and colorimetric indicators are desired. Chlortetracycline (CTC)-functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-CTC) were synthesized, purified by centrifugation and then characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, XPS, XRD, and HR-TEM. Functionalization of AgNPs with CTC molecules enabled the rapid and sensitive detection of trivalent yttrium ion (Y³⁺). A decrease in the intensity of the original surface plasmon resonance peak at 420 nm was observed within the fraction of a min, with the simultaneous appearance of a new peak at a longer wavelength (540 nm); thus, a novel colorimetric and ratiometric absorbance probe was achieved. The free-O-containing moieties of CTC on the AgNPs surface coordinate with Y³⁺. Thus, CTC molecules led to the bridging of the AgNPs and subsequent aggregation. A good linear relationship (R² = 0.933) in the range of 18 to 243 nM for Y³⁺ was observed, and the limit of detection (LOD) for ratiometric results was approximately 57.7 nM. The AgNPs-CTC sensor exhibited better colorimetric performance in terms of excellent sensitivity, LOD, and rapid formation of the AgNPs-CTC complex towards Y³⁺. The Y³⁺ spiked water samples from different sources and fetal bovine serum suggest that the developed method is practically useful and essentially portable for on-site monitoring. The AgNPs-CTC sensor can be also applied as a common colorimetric indicator for the detection of trace levels of Y³⁺ and lanthanides.