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Wang W. Recent Advances in the Titanium-Based Catalysts for Ring-Opening Polymerization. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29983-29993. [PMID: 39035956 PMCID: PMC11256339 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
At present, economic development and daily life cannot be separated from organic synthetic polymers. However, a large number of nondegradable polymers have caused serious pollution to the environment. It is necessary for sustainable development to use biodegradable materials instead of traditional polymers, but it is not yet comparable in performance and cost to the competitor it will replace. Therefore, there is a long way to go to develop effective synthesis methods. Through ring-opening polymerization, some cyclic monomers, such as ε-caprolactone or lactide, can be synthesized into biodegradable polymers, which can not only replace traditional synthetic polymers in some fields but also have applications in drug delivery, surgical consumables, human implant materials, bone materials, etc. Ring-opening polymerization is a potential candidate for solving environmental pollution. For ring-opening polymerization, catalysts are very important, among which titanium catalysts have attracted much attention because of their high efficiency, economy, and nontoxicity. In this paper, the development status of organotitanium compounds as ring-opening polymerization catalysts is reviewed, including the effects of different ligand structures on polymerization behavior and polymer structure, and its development trend is prospected. We hope that this review will be helpful for developing efficient ring-opening polymerization catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Sinopec (Beijing) Research Institute
of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Sinopec
Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Medical and Hygienic
Materials, No. 14 Beisanhuan
Donglu, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100013, China
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2
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Liu L, Mendoza-Espinosa D, Quiroz-Guzmán M, Rheingold AL, Hanna TA, Saha G, Tang L, Chen Y, Gilbert M, Dutta A, Asandei AD. Radical and Ring-Opening Polymerizations with Aryl-Substituted Methylene-Bridged Titanium Bisphenolates. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Box 298860, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Daniel Mendoza-Espinosa
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Box 298860, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Mauricio Quiroz-Guzmán
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Box 298860, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States
| | - Tracy A. Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Box 298860, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Gobinda Saha
- Institute of Materials Science, Polymer Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06062-3136, United States
| | - Liming Tang
- Institute of Materials Science, Polymer Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06062-3136, United States
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Institute of Materials Science, Polymer Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06062-3136, United States
| | - Megan Gilbert
- Institute of Materials Science, Polymer Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06062-3136, United States
| | - Abhirup Dutta
- Institute of Materials Science, Polymer Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06062-3136, United States
| | - Alexandru D. Asandei
- Institute of Materials Science, Polymer Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06062-3136, United States
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Nakornkhet C, Nanok T, Wattanathana W, Chuawong P, Hormnirun P. Titanium Complexes of Salicylbenzoxazole and Salicylbenzothiazole Ligands for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone and Substituted ε-Caprolactones and Their Copolymerizations. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7945-7963. [PMID: 35537466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two series of titanium complexes, including salicylbenzoxazole titanium complexes (1-4) and salicylbenzothiazole titanium complexes (5-8), were successfully synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction crystallography (for 2 and 5). The 1H NMR spectra of complexes 7 and 8 reveal fluxional behavior in solution at room temperature, and the activation parameters were determined by lineshape analysis of variable-temperature (VT) NMR spectra in toluene-d8: for 7, ΔH⧧ = 73.0 ± 1.8 kJ mol-1, ΔS⧧ = 22.1 ± 5.5 J mol-1 K-1; for 8, ΔH⧧ = 73.7 ± 1.2 kJ mol-1, ΔS⧧ = 20.3 ± 3.8 J mol-1 K-1. The positive values of ΔS⧧ suggested that the isomerization occurred via a dissociative mechanism. All complexes were active initiators for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) and three substituted ε-CLs: γ-methyl-ε-caprolactone (γMeCL), γ-ethyl-ε-caprolactone (γEtCL), and γ-phenyl-ε-caprolactone (γPhCL). Of all complexes, complex 5 was found to be the most active initiator in this study. The copolymerizations between ε-CL and three substituted ε-CLs produced completely random copolymers. The polymerization was proposed to proceed via a dissociative coordination-insertion mechanism. The catalytic activity of the salicylbenzoxazole titanium complex was lower than that of its closely related salicylbenzothiazole titanium congener. Additionally, DFT calculations unveiled that the ligand decoordination step and the less steric congestion at the titanium center in the salicylbenzothiazole titanium complexes were the key factors in enhancing the catalytic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutikan Nakornkhet
- Laboratory of Catalysts and Advanced Polymer Materials, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Tanin Nanok
- Laboratory of Catalysts and Advanced Polymer Materials, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Worawat Wattanathana
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pitak Chuawong
- Laboratory of Catalysts and Advanced Polymer Materials, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pimpa Hormnirun
- Laboratory of Catalysts and Advanced Polymer Materials, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Seo CCY, Ahmed M, Oliver AG, Durr CB. Titanium ONN-(phenolate) Alkoxide Complexes: Unique Reaction Kinetics for Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:19336-19344. [PMID: 34871501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and polymerization kinetics of four new titanium ONN-(phenolate) alkoxide catalysts were studied. Each catalyst is fluxional at room temperature, suggesting the ligand amine arm may be labile, but adopts a fac geometry in solution at low temperature (223 K) and in the solid state. All catalysts are active for the ring-opening polymerization of both ε-caprolactone (CL) and rac-lactide (LA). GPC analysis indicates that the well-known coordination-insertion mechanism is being followed. However, whereas the typical first-order dependence on monomer concentration is observed in CL, an unexpected zeroth-order dependence is observed with LA. This suggests that, in the case of LA, catalyst saturation occurs and a Michaelis-Menten model can be used to explain the kinetics. An initial mechanism is discussed within this model that proposes CL polymerization proceeds by a 7-coordinate intermediate, whereas LA polymerization adopts a 6-coordinate intermediate, facilitated by the ligand amine arm. Attempts to isolate catalyst-monomer intermediates are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara C Y Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, 25 East Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
| | - Mayesha Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, 25 East Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Christopher B Durr
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, 25 East Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
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Hsieh HH, Tu MH, Su YC, Ko BT, Datta A, Zeng YF, Hu CH, Huang JH. Synthesis, structural and DFT interpretation of titanium bis-isopropoxide derivatives incorporating bidentate ketiminate ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang TF, Kosuru SR, Yu SC, Chang YC, Lai HY, Chang YL, Wu KH, Ding S, Chen HY. Use of pyrazoles as ligands greatly enhances the catalytic activity of titanium iso-propoxide for the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide: a cooperation effect. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40690-40696. [PMID: 35519227 PMCID: PMC9057761 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07824g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using TiOiPr4 with a pyrazole ligand for one-pot LA polymerization improved catalytic activity compared with using TiOiPr4 only. At 60 °C, TiOiPr4 with furPz exhibited a higher catalytic activity (approximately 3-fold) than TiOiPr4. At room temperature, TiOiPr4 with BuPz exhibited a higher catalytic activity (approximately 17-fold) than TiOiPr4. High molecular mass PLA (M nGPC = 51 100, and Đ = 1.10) could be produced by using TiOiPr4 with furPz in melt polymerization ([TiOiPr4] : [furPz] = 1000 : 1 : 1 at 100 °C, 240 min). The crystal structure of MePz2Ti2OiPr7 revealed the cooperative activation between two Ti atoms during LA polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Fang Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585
| | - Someswara Rao Kosuru
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585
| | - Shu-Chun Yu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585
| | - Yung-Chi Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585
| | - Hsin-Yu Lai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585
| | - Yu-Lun Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585
| | - Kuo-Hui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University Tamsui 251 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Ding
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585.,Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80424 Republic of China
| | - Hsuan-Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585.,Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80424 Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan Republic of China
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Kayan A. Recent Studies on Single Site Metal Alkoxide Complexes as Catalysts for Ring Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Compounds. CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-019-09291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Hu Q, Jie S, Braunstein P, Li BG. Highly active tridentate amino-phenol zinc complexes for the catalytic ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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