Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and anticancer ability of a Yb (III) complex constructed by 1,4-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)terephthalic acid

Innovative lanthanide complexes: Shaping the future of cancer/ tumor chemotherapy

Developing new therapeutic and diagnostic metals and metal complexes is a stunning example of how inorganic chemistry is rapidly becoming an essential part of modern medicine. More study of bio-coordination chemistry is needed to improve the design of compounds with fewer harmful side effects. Metal-containing drugs are widely utilized in the treatment of cancer. Platinum complexes are effective against some cancers, but new coordination compounds are being created with improved pharmacological properties and a broader spectrum of anticancer action. The coordination complexes of the 15 lanthanides or rare earth elements in the periodic table are crucial for diagnosing and treating cancer. Understanding and treating cancer requires the detection of binding lanthanide (III) ions or complexes to DNA and breaking DNA by these complexes. Current advances in lanthanide-based coordination complexes as anticancer treatments over the past five years are discussed in this study.

In vitro BSA-binding, antimicrobial, and antitumor activity against human cancer cell lines of two lanthanide (III) complexes

The investigation involved examining the binding of two lanthanide complexes, specifically those containing Holmium (Ho) and Dysprosium (Dy), with a ligand called 1, 10-phenanthroline (phen), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The evaluation was carried out utilizing fluorescence measurements, Förster theory, and docking studies. The findings indicated that both the Ho-complex and Dy-complex possessed a significant ability to quench the emission of the protein. Furthermore, the primary mechanism of interaction was identified as a static process. The K b values indicate a strong tendency of these complexes for binding with BSA. The Kb values show the strangely high affinity of BSA to complexes and the following order for binding affinity: Ho-complex > Dy-complex. The thermodynamic parameters were found to be negative, affirming that the main forces driving the interaction between BSA and the lanthanide complexes are van der Waals engagement and hydrogen bonds. Additionally, the investigation included the examination of competition site markers, and molecular docking proposed that the engagement sites of the Ho-complex and Dy-complex with BSA were predominantly located in site 3 (specifically, subdomain IB). Moreover, the Ho-complex and Dy-complex were specifically chosen for their potential anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Consequently, these complexes could present promising prospects as novel candidates for anti-tumor and antibacterial applications.

In vitro anticancer and antibacterial activates of the yttrium(III) complex and its nano-carriers toward DNA cleavage and biological interactions with DNA and BSA; An experimental and computational studie

OBJECTIVES

In this research, the biological properties of the yttrium (III) (Y) complex, with 2,9-dimethyl- 1,10-phenanthroline (Me₂Phen) ligand, were examined for in vitro fish DNA (FS-DNA)/ bovine serum albumin (BSA) interactions, DNA-cleavage, anticancer and antibacterial activities.

METHODS

Multi-spectrophotometric techniques and computational calculations were used for the interaction studies of the BSA and FS-DNA with the Y-complex. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy methods were used to define thermodynamic parameters, the binding constants (K_b), and the probable binding mechanism. Also, the DFT (density functional theory) study and molecular docking calculation of the Y-complex were done. Besides, the nanocarriers of Y-complex (lipid nanoencapsulation (LNEP) and the starch nanoencapsulation (SNEP)), as active anticancer candidates, were prepared. Finally, DNA-cleavage, anticancer, and antibacterial activities of this complex were investigated.

RESULTS

The absorption and fluorescence measurements were exhibited that the Y-complex has a high binding affinity to FS-DNA and BSA through a static mechanism. The negative thermodynamic parameter values for both DNA/BSA binding were confirmed that the hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces played an essential role in the spontaneous bonding procedure. The site marker competitive studies for BSA confirmed that the Y-complex bonds to the sub-domain IB of protein (site III) on BSA, which was entirely agreement by docking calculation. The complex has displayed efficient DNA cleavage, antifungal and antibacterial activities. The anticancer activity of the Y-complex and its starch/lipid nano-encapsulated was carried out in cancer cell lines, which exposed considerably high activity.

CONCLUSIONS

Thus, Y-complex can be transported professionally through BSA in the blood and bonds in the groove of DNA. Base on biological applications of the Y-complex, it can be concluded that this complex and its nanocarriers can suggest as novel anticancer and antibacterial candidates.

Heteroleptic complexes of cocaine/TMEDA with some f block metals: Synthesis, DFT studies, spectral, thermal, cytotoxicity and antimetastatic properties

A series of new three heteroleptic complexes of the general formula [Ln(Cn)(TMEDA)Cl(OH₂)]·2Cl·xH₂O, (where Ln = La(III), Er(III) and Yb(III), Cn = cocaine and TMEDA = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) were synthesized, structurally characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods, molar conductivity and mass spectrometry. Thermal properties of the synthesized complexes and their kinetic thermodynamic parameters were studied. Theoretical calculations including geometry optimization, electronic structure and electronic and thermal energies were carried out using DFT and TD-DFT calculations at B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory and the different quantum chemical parameters were calculated. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the newly synthesized complexes was assessed by MTT assay on MCF-7 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines. Yb(III) complex showed promising cytotoxic activity comparable to that of cisplatin on both cell lines with minimum effect on human normal cells. Further molecular mechanistic investigations showed that Yb(III) complex is an apoptotic inducer as it raises the caspase-3 and caspase-9 cellular level in the MCF-7 cell line. Furthermore, it showed an elevating effect on the level of the tumor suppressor nuclear proteins P21 and P27 concentrations in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, Yb(III) complex hindered the cellular scavenger system of the reactive oxygen species through reducing the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) cellular level imperiling MCF-7 cells by unmanageable oxidative stress. In addition to its cytotoxic effect, Yb(III) complex showed antimetastatic properties as it decreased the cellular levels of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-3 and MMP-9. These results showed that the Yb(III) complex is a promising cytotoxic metal-based agent that exerts its action through various molecular mechanisms with minimum effects on normal cells and with additional antimetastatic properties.