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Gull F, Riaz R, Ansari K, Atiq H. Examining the photo catalytic potency of annealed and un-annealed ZnO and nickel doped ZnO for degradation of organic pollutants in waste waters. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21828. [PMID: 39294154 PMCID: PMC11411114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity and pollution has increased the need for innovative and effective waste water treatment methods. The presented study aims to tackle this difficulty by synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) and nickel (Ni) doped ZnO to improve their photo catalytic capacity. This study examines wastewater treatment and organic pollutant breakdown using nanotechnology. The annealing increases photo catalytic activity by 65%, thereby enhancing efficiency. XRD shows that annealing decreased the average crystal size of pure ZnO and nickel doped ZnO (Ni:ZnO) i.e., for pure ZnO average crystal size is decreased from 23.90 to 20.90 nm and for Ni:ZnO, 34.39-28.65 nm. SEM shows that un annealed samples have agglomerates, while annealed samples are quasi-spherical. Using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), the study examines how annealing affects optical band gap. Annealed Ni:ZnO has a band gap of 3.09 eV, which is smaller as compared to un annealed Ni:ZnO (3.18 e V). Similarly, the decline in energy band gap is observed for pure ZnO too. This study highlights the significant capacity of Ni:ZnO, for un annealed and annealed synthesis, to effectively meet the urgent requirements for waste water treatment. The extensive research conducted in this work enhances our comprehension of photo catalytic materials and underscores its potential for practical implementation in addressing waste water-related environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Gull
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Riaz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Komal Ansari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haleema Atiq
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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2
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Alshehri A, Alharbi L, Wani AA, Malik MA. Biogenic Punica granatum Flower Extract Assisted ZnFe 2O 4 and ZnFe 2O 4-Cu Composites for Excellent Photocatalytic Degradation of RhB Dye. TOXICS 2024; 12:77. [PMID: 38251032 PMCID: PMC10821476 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Globally, the textile industry contributes to pollution through accidental discharges or discharge of contaminated wastewater into waterways, significantly affecting water quality. These pollutants, including dye molecules, are environmental hazards for aquatic and terrestrial life. The field of visible light-mediated photocatalysis has experienced rapid growth, driven by the utilization of photocatalysts that can absorb low-energy visible light and effectively degrade dyes. In the present study, we report a simple method to controllably synthesize Fe2O3, ZnO, and ZnFe2O4 using the one-pot synthesis method. In the subsequent step, copper (Cu) was deposited on the surface of ZnFe2O4 (forming ZnFe2O4-Cu) using a facile, green, and cost-effective method. The synthesized samples were characterized using various techniques, including XRD, UV-Vis DRS, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, HR-TEM, XPS, PL, and BET analysis. These techniques were employed to investigate the composition, morphology, structure, and photophysical properties of as-prepared samples. The ZnFe2O4-Cu nanocomposite demonstrated efficient photocatalytic activity for degrading RhB dye pollutants under visible light. The photocatalyst was successfully reused for three consecutive cycles without significantly decreasing performance. Furthermore, during the study, the radical scavenging test emphasized the role of different radicals in the degradation of dye pollutants. This research has the potential to enable the efficient production of high-performance photocatalysts that can rapidly eliminate ecologically harmful dyes from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Alshehri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (L.A.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts in Baljurashi, Albaha University, Albaha 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Alharbi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Aiyaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Maqsood Ahmad Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
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3
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Shoaib M, Naz MY, Shukrullah S, Munir MA, Irfan M, Rahman S, Ghanim AAJ. Dual S-Scheme Heterojunction CdS/TiO 2/g-C 3N 4 Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production and Dye Degradation Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43139-43150. [PMID: 38024725 PMCID: PMC10652378 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated a ternary CdS/TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction for degrading synthetic dyes and hydrogen production from aqueous media through visible light-initiated photocatalytic reactions. CdS, TiO2, and g-C3N4 were combined in different mass ratios through a simple hydrothermal method to create CdS/TiO2/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts. The prepared heterojunction catalysts were investigated by using FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM, and UV-visible spectroscopy analysis for their crystal structures, functional groups, elemental composition, microtopography, and optical properties. The rhodamine B dye was then degraded by using fully characterized photocatalysts. The maximum dye degradation efficiency of 99.4% was noted in these experiments. The evolution rate of hydrogen from the aqueous solution with the CdS/TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst remained 2910 μmol·h-1·g-1, which is considerably higher than those of g-C3N4, CdS, CdS/g-C3N4, and g-C3N4/TiO2-catalyzed reactions. This study also proposes a photocatalytic activity mechanism for the tested ternary CdS/TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib
- Department
of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasin Naz
- Department
of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Shukrullah
- Department
of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Munir
- Department
of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Electrical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saifur Rahman
- Electrical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Alaizeri ZM, Alhadlaq HA, Aldawood S, Javed Akhtar M, Ahamed M. One-step preparation, characterization, and anticancer potential of ZnFe 2O 4/RGO nanocomposites. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101735. [PMID: 37638224 PMCID: PMC10448167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4 NPs) have attracted extensive attention for their diverse applications including sensing, waste-water treatment, and biomedicine. The novelty of the present work is the fabrication of ZnFe2O4/RGO NCs by using a one-step hydrothermal process to assess the influence of RGO doping on the physicochemical properties and anticancer efficacy of ZnFe2O4 NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray(EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis spectroscopy, and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy were employed to characterize prepared pure ZnFe2O4 NPs and ZnFe2O4/ RGO NCs. XRD results showed that the synthesized samples have high crystallinity. Furthermore, the average crystal sizes of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) and ZnFe2O4/RGO nanocomposites (NCs) were 51.08 nm and 54.36 nm, respectively. SEM images revealed that pure ZnFe2O4 NPs were spherical in shape with uniformly loaded on the surface of the RGO nanosheet. XPS and EDX analysis confirmed the elemental compositions of ZnFe2O4/RGO NCs. Elemental mapping of SEM shows that the elemental compositions (Zn, Fe, O, and C) were homogeneously distributed in ZnFe2O4/RGO NCs. The intensity of FT-IR spectra depicted that pure ZnFe2O4 NPs were successfully anchored into the RGO nanosheet. An optical study suggested that the band gap energy of ZnFe2O4/RGO NCs (1.61 eV) was lower than that of pure ZnFe2O4 NPs (1.96 eV). PL spectra indicated that the recombination rate of the ZnFe2O4/ RGO NCs was lower than ZnFe2O4 NPs. MTT assay was used to evaluate the anticancer performance of ZnFe2O4 /RGO NCs and pure ZnFe2O4NPs against human cancer cells. In vitro study indicates that ZnFe2O4 /RGO NCs have higher anticancer activity against human breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549) cancer cells as compared to pure form ZnFe2O4 NPs. This work suggests that RGO doping enhances the anticancer activity of ZnFe2O4NPs by tuning its optical behavior. This study warrants future research on potential therapeutic applications of these types of nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZabnAllah M. Alaizeri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A. Alhadlaq
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Aldawood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Javed Akhtar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqusood Ahamed
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Salih SJ, Mahmood WM. Review on magnetic spinel ferrite (MFe 2O 4) nanoparticles: From synthesis to application. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16601. [PMID: 37274649 PMCID: PMC10238938 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic spinel ferrite materials offer various applications in biomedical, water treatment, and industrial electronic devices, which has sparked a lot of attention. This review focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of spinel ferrites in a variety of fields, particularly spinel ferrites with doping. Spinel ferrites nanoparticles doped with the elements have remarkable electrical and magnetic properties, allowing them to be used in a wide range of applications such as magnetic fields, microwave absorbers, and biomedicine. Furthermore, the physical properties of spinel ferrites can be modified by substituting metallic atoms, resulting in improved performance. The most recent and noteworthy applications of magnetic ferrite nanoparticles are reviewed and discussed in this review. This review goes over the synthesis, doping and applications of different types of metal ferrite nanoparticles, as well as views on how to choose the appropriate magnetic ferrites based on the intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameran Jamal Salih
- Department of Chemistry, Koya University Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region – F.R, Iraq
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, KRG, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Wali M. Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, Koya University Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region – F.R, Iraq
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Saputra E, Prawiranegara BA, Nugraha MW, Sambudi NS, Sugesti H, Awaluddin A, Utama PS, Manawan M. Fabrication of hybrid covalent triazine framework-zinc ferrite spinel to uplift visible light-driven photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39961-39977. [PMID: 36602743 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The tunability of porous covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) can mitigate poor photostability and rapid hole-electron recombination. Herein, an excellent improvement of visible light-driven photocatalytic pollutant degradation was achieved using a hybrid semiconductor of covalent triazine framework-zinc ferrite spinel catalysts (CTF-ZnFe2O4). The as-prepared CTF-ZnFe2O4 composites were fabricated using a facile one-pot ionothermal method. The hybrid photocatalysts were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and UV-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) characterizations. The analysis reveals that hybridization successfully ensued and altered the crystallinity structure, morphology, surface area, and bandgap energy of hybrid material. It was found that CTF-ZnFe2O4 90:10 is very effective for the degradation of MB in a UV-vis light photocatalytic process with the efficiency of 95.4% and kobs of 0.421 min-1 for degradation of 50 mg/L MB with 0.5 g/L dosages for 120 min. Additionally, the scavenger study, effect of additional oxidants, and stability were performed for the practical application of a hybrid photocatalyst. CTF-ZnFe2O4 90:10 shows outstanding pollutant degradation in sunlight irradiation and high stability with only a 5.2% reduction after a five-times sequential recycling process. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanism of as-prepared CTF-ZnFe2O4 was mainly influenced by [Formula: see text] radical compared to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] radicals. Overall, The as-prepared CTF-ZnFe2O4 shows significant potential to be utilized for photocatalytic wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edy Saputra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia.
| | - Barata Aditya Prawiranegara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Wahyu Nugraha
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Nonni Soraya Sambudi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Pertamina, Simprug, Jakarta, 12220, Indonesia
| | - Heni Sugesti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia
| | - Amir Awaluddin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia
| | - Panca Setia Utama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia
| | - Maykel Manawan
- Teknologi Daya Gerak, Universitas Pertahan Indonesia, Bogor, 16810, Indonesia
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7
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Gao Q, Wang Z, Li J, Liu B, Liu C. Rational design of direct Z-scheme magnetic ZnIn 2S 4/ZnFe 2O 4 heterojunction toward enhanced photocatalytic wastewater remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:16438-16448. [PMID: 36184708 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rationally designed heterojunction photocatalysts with magnetic semiconductors and easy recyclability have received considerable attention due to their great advantages in practical application. In our work, a series of ZnIn2S4/ZnFe2O4 Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with superior magnetic properties were synthesized by a gentle chemical bath method and utilized for the effective photodegradation and Cr(VI) reduction under irradiation. Systematic evaluation experiments revealed that the derived ZnIn2S4/ZnFe2O4 photocatalysts exhibited enhanced photocatalytic efficiency for RhB degradation and Cr(VI) reduction as compared with pristine ZnIn2S4 and ZnFe2O4, which was primarily due to the close contact interface and the formation of Z - scheme charge transfer mechanism between ZnFe2O4 rods and ZnIn2S4 nanosheets. Moreover, the as-synthesized photocatalyst could be easily recycled with a remarkable photocatalytic performance because of its magnetic separation characteristic. The present work opens up a vast prospect for the design of highly efficient and magnetically separable photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China
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8
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Lu M, Javed M, Javed K, Tan S, Iqbal S, Liu G, Khalid WB, Qamar MA, Alrbyawi H, Pashameah RA, Alzahrani E, Farouk AE. Construction of a Well-Defined S-Scheme Heterojunction Based on Bi-ZnFe2O4/S-g-C3N4 Nanocomposite Photocatalyst to Support Photocatalytic Pollutant Degradation Driven by Sunlight. Catalysts 2022; 12:1175. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, organic dyes and other environmental contaminants are focal areas of research, with considerable interest in the production of stable, high-efficiency, and eco-friendly photocatalysts to eliminate these contaminants. In the present work, bismuth-doped zinc ferrite (Bi-ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) and bismuth-doped zinc ferrites supported on sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Bi-ZnFe2O4/S-g-C3N4) (BZFG) photocatalysts were synthesized via a hydrothermal process. SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques were used to examine the morphological, structural, and bonding characteristics of the synthesized photocatalysts. The photocatalytic competence of the functional BZFG nanocomposites (NCs) was studied against MB under sunlight. The influence of Bi (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 wt.%) doping on the photocatalytic performance of ZnFe2O4 was verified, and the 9%Bi-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibited the maximum MB degradation. Then, 9%Bi-ZnFe2O4 NPs were homogenized with varying amounts of S-g-C3N4 (10, 30, 50, 60, and 70 wt.%) to further enhance the photocatalytic performance of BZFG NCs. The fabricated Bi-ZnFe2O4/30%S-g-C3N4 (BZFG-30) composite outperformed ZnFe2O4, S-g-C3N4 and other BZFG NCs in terms of photocatalytic performance. The enriched photocatalytic performance of the BZFG NCs might be ascribed to a more efficient transfer and separation of photo-induced charges due to synergic effects at the Bi-ZnFe2O4/S-g-C3N4 interconnection. The proposed modification of ZnFe2O4 using Bi and S-g-C3N4 is effective, inexpensive, and environmentally safe.
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Fabrication of Cr-ZnFe2O4/S-g-C3N4 Heterojunction Enriched Charge Separation for Sunlight Responsive Photocatalytic Performance and Antibacterial Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196330. [PMID: 36234867 PMCID: PMC9571418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a lot of interest in the manufacture of stable, high-efficiency photocatalysts. In this study, initially Cr doped ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were made via surfactant-assisted hydrothermal technique. Then Cr-ZnFe2O4 NPs were modified by incorporating S-g-C3N4 to enhance their photocatalytic efficiency. The morphological, structural, and bonding aspects were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques. The photocatalytic efficiency of the functional Cr-ZnFe2O4/S-g-C3N4 (ZFG) heterostructure photocatalysts was examined against MB under sunlight. The produced ZFG-50 composite has the best photocatalytic performance, which is 2.4 and 3.5 times better than that of ZnFe2O4 and S-g-C3N4, respectively. Experiments revealed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the ZFG nanocomposite was caused by a more effective transfer and separation of photo-induced charges. The ZFG photocatalyst can use sunlight for treating polluted water, and the proposed modification of ZnFe2O4 using Cr and S-g-C3N4 is efficient, affordable, and environmentally benign. Under visible light, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were employed to ZFG-50 NCs’ antimicrobial activity. These ZFG-50 NCs also exhibit excellent antibacterial potential.
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Visible-LED-light-driven photocatalytic activation of peroxydisulfate by magnetic ZnFe2O4/Ag nanocomposite for efficient tetracycline degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bahadur A, Iqbal S, Javed M, Hassan SS, Nadeem S, Akbar A, Alzhrani RM, Al-Anazy MM, Elkaeed EB, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA, Mohyuddin A. Construction of a binary S-scheme S-g-C 3N 4/Co-ZF heterojunction with enhanced spatial charge separation for sunlight-driven photocatalytic performance. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23263-23273. [PMID: 36090406 PMCID: PMC9380560 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08525e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A step-scheme (S-scheme) photocatalyst made of sulfurized graphitic carbon nitride/cobalt doped zinc ferrite (S-g-C3N4/Co-ZF) was constructed using a hydrothermal process because the building of S-scheme systems might increase the lifespan of highly reactive charge carriers. Utilizing cutting-edge methods, the hybrid photocatalyst was evaluated by employing TEM, XPS, XRD, BET, FTIR, transient photo-response, UV-vis, EIS and ESR signals. In order to create a variety of binary nanocomposites (NCs), nanoparticles (NPs) of 6% cobalt doped zinc ferrite (Co-ZF) were mixed with S-g-C3N4 at various concentrations, ranging from 10 to 80 wt%. For photocatalytic dye removal, a particular binary NC constructed between S-g-C3N4 and Co-ZF produces a huge amount of catalytic active sites. The findings showed that loading of S-g-C3N4 on 6% Co-ZF NPs serves as a good heterointerface for e-/h+ separation and transportation through the S-scheme S-g-C3N4/Co-ZF heterojunction. By boosting the hybrid system's BET surface area for the photocatalytic process, the addition of 6% Co-ZF improves the system's ability to absorb more sunlight and boosts its photocatalytic activity. The highest photo-removal effectiveness (98%), which is around 2.45 times higher than that of its competitors, was achieved by the hybrid photocatalyst system with an ideal loading of 48% Co-ZF. Furthermore, the trapping studies showed that the primary species involved in the MB aqueous photo-degradation were ˙OH- and h+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University Wenzhou China
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST) H-12 Islamabad 46000 Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Javed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore Pakistan
| | - Syeda Saba Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sohail Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore Pakistan
| | - Ali Akbar
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF) Faisalabad Punjab 38000 Pakistan
| | - Rami M Alzhrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Murefah Mana Al-Anazy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University Riyadh 13713 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser S Awwad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Semi Pilot Plant, Nuclear Materials Authority P.O. Box 530 El Maadi Egypt
| | - Ayesha Mohyuddin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore Pakistan
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Acharya R, Pati S, Parida K. A review on visible light driven spinel ferrite-g-C3N4 photocatalytic systems with enhanced solar light utilization. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Constructing BiOCl/ZnO heterojunction from Bi-MOF for efficient photocatalytic degradation performance. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Iqbal S, Javed M, Hassan SS, Nadeem S, Akbar A, Alotaibi MT, Alzhrani RM, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA, Mohyuddin A. Binary Co@ZF/S@GCN S-scheme heterojunction enriching spatial charge carrier separation for efficient removal of organic pollutants under sunlight irradiation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Wang J, Wang S. A critical review on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based materials: Preparation, modification and environmental application. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wang Y, Gan T, Xiu J, Liu G, Zou H. Degradation of sulfadiazine in aqueous media by peroxymonosulfate activated with biochar-supported ZnFe 2O 4 in combination with visible light in an internal loop-lift reactor. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24088-24100. [PMID: 36128526 PMCID: PMC9400800 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04573g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid waste resource utilization and the treatment of wastewater are two important aspects in environmental protection. Here, biochar (BC) derived from municipal sewage sludge has been combined with ZnFe2O4 to form the photocatalyst ZnFe2O4/biochar (ZnFe/BC), and it was used to degrade sulfadiazine (SDZ) in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under visible (Vis) light irradiation in an internal loop-airlift reactor (ALR). The surface morphology and structure of ZnFe/BC have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy equipped with an attachment for energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). ZnFe/BC displays outstanding photocatalytic performance and reusability. After four reuse cycles of ZnFe/BC in the Vis/ZnFe/BC/PMS system, the SDZ degradation rate and efficiency still reached 0.082 min−1 and 99.05%, respectively. Reactive species in this system included free radicals SO4˙−, ˙OH, and ˙O2−, as well as non-radicals 1O2, e−, and h+, as established from the results of chemical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses. Moreover, a mechanism of action of the Vis/ZnFe/BC/PMS system for SDZ degradation was proposed. The acute toxicity of the reaction solution towards Photobacterium phosphoreum T3 spp. in the Vis/ZnFe/BC/PMS process increased during the first 40 min and then decreased, illustrating that Vis/ZnFe/BC/PMS provided an effective and safe method for the removal of SDZ. Solid waste resource utilization and the treatment of wastewater are two important aspects in environmental protection.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Donghua Road 9#, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Tao Gan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Donghua Road 9#, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Jingyu Xiu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Donghua Road 9#, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Ganghua Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Donghua Road 9#, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Haiming Zou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Donghua Road 9#, Fengyang, 233100, China
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Das S, Chowdhury A. Recent advancements of g-C 3N 4-based magnetic photocatalysts towards the degradation of organic pollutants: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:072004. [PMID: 34731840 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis premised on advanced oxidation processes has witnessed a broad application perspective, including water purification and environmental remediation. In particular, the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), an earth-abundant metal-free conjugated polymer, has acquired extensive application scope and interdisciplinary consideration owing to its outstanding structural and physicochemical properties. However, several issues such as the high recombination rate of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs, smaller specific surface area, and lower electrical conductivity curtail the catalytic efficacy of bulk g-C3N4. Another challenging task is separating the catalyst from the reaction medium, limiting their reusability and practical applications. Therefore, several methodologies are adopted strategically to tackle these issues. Attention is being paid, especially to the magnetic nanocomposites (NCs) based catalysts to enhance efficiency and proficient reusability property. This review summarizes the latest progress related to the design and development of magnetic g-C3N4-based NCs and their utilization in photocatalytic systems. The usefulness of the semiconductor heterojunctions on the catalytic activity, working mechanism, and degradation of pollutants are discussed in detail. The major challenges and prospects of using magnetic g-C3N4-based NCs for photocatalytic applications are highlighted in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Das
- Organic Electronics & Sensor Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
| | - Avijit Chowdhury
- Organic Electronics & Sensor Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
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Hammouche J, Daoudi K, Columbus S, Ziad R, Ramachandran K, Gaidi M. Structural and morphological optimization of Ni doped ZnO decorated silicon nanowires for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Influence of 4-cyanopyridinium multicationic isomers on the structure–property relationships of two-dimensional hybrid as photocatalyst for the degradation of organic dyes. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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