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Wang D, Wang X, Zhou S, Ren L, Meng Y, Ma R, Wang S, Liu Z, Alamri AS, Alhomrani M, Zhang Z, Cui F, Li T, Li J. Radish residue carbon dots-based novel starch/chitosan film with high antioxidant, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activities for salmon fillets' active packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133107. [PMID: 38897524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The corruption of refrigerated marine fish results in global economic losses exceeding 25 billion euros annually. However, conventional preservatives present challenges, including singular functionality, potential toxicity, and high cost. In response, we developed multifunctional, safe, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly carbon dots derived from radish residues (R-CDs) by using the one-pot hydrothermal method. The surface of R-CDs is enriched with hydroxyl groups, conferring broad-spectrum antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics. R-CDs exhibited a notable 72.92 % inhibition rate on lipid peroxidation, surpassing the effectiveness of vitamin C (46 %). Additionally, R-CDs demonstrated impressive scavenging rates of 93.8 % for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals and 99.36 % for 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid-free radicals. In combating spoilage bacteria such as Aeromonas sobria and Hafnia alvei, R-CDs disrupted cell structures and influenced intracellular substance content. Importantly, co-cultivation with R-CDs showed no significant cytotoxicity. Further incorporating R-CDs into films using starch and chitosan (S/CS/R-CDs films) for efficient and convenient use in salmon fillets preservation. S/CS/R-CDs films effectively inhibited the growth of spoilage bacteria, lipid oxidation, and protein decomposition in salmon fillets, thereby extending shelf life by 4 days. This combination of antioxidant and antibacterial properties in R-CDs, along with the functional films, presents a promising approach for enhancing salmon fillet preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Marine Fish Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Marine Fish Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Marine Fish Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China
| | - Likun Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Marine Fish Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China
| | - Yuqiong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Shulin Wang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Zhiteng Liu
- Dalian Food Co., Ltd., Jinzhou, Liaoning 121209, China
| | - Abdulhakeem S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Comprehensive Inspection and Testing Center for Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Chifeng City, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, China
| | - Fangchao Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Marine Fish Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization (Dalian Minzu University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, Liaoning, 116029, China.
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Marine Fish Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121013, China.
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Tripti T, Singh P, Rani N, Kumar S, Kumar K, Kumar P. Carbon dots as potential candidate for photocatalytic treatment of dye wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:6738-6765. [PMID: 38157163 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Water is the utmost important element for the existence of life. In recent decades, water resources have become highly contaminated by a variety of pollutants, especially toxic dyes that are harmful to both living beings and environment. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop more effective methods than traditional wastewater treatment approaches for treatment of hazardous dyes. Herein, we have addressed the various aspects related to the effective and economically feasible method for photocatalytic degradation of these dyes employing carbon dots. The photocatalysts based on carbon dots including those mediated from biomass have many superiorities over conventional methods such as utilization of economically affordable, non-toxic, rapid reactions, and simple post-processing steps. The current study will also facilitate better insight into the understanding of photocatalytic treatment of dye-polluted wastewater for future wastewater treatment studies. Additionally, the possible mechanistic pathways of photocatalytic dye decontamination, several challenges, and future perspectives have also been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Tripti
- J. C, Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India
| | - Permender Singh
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Neeru Rani
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- J. C, Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Parmod Kumar
- J. C, Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India.
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Szczepankowska J, Khachatryan G, Khachatryan K, Krystyjan M. Carbon Dots-Types, Obtaining and Application in Biotechnology and Food Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14984. [PMID: 37834430 PMCID: PMC10573487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Materials with a "nano" structure are increasingly used in medicine and biotechnology as drug delivery systems, bioimaging agents or biosensors in the monitoring of toxic substances, heavy metals and environmental variations. Furthermore, in the food industry, they have found applications as detectors of food adulteration, microbial contamination and even in packaging for monitoring product freshness. Carbon dots (CDs) as materials with broad as well as unprecedented possibilities could revolutionize the economy, if only their synthesis was based on low-cost natural sources. So far, a number of studies point to the positive possibilities of obtaining CDs from natural sources. This review describes the types of carbon dots and the most important methods of obtaining them. It also focuses on presenting the potential application of carbon dots in biotechnology and food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczepankowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Gohar Khachatryan
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland; (G.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Karen Khachatryan
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland; (G.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Magdalena Krystyjan
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland; (G.K.); (K.K.)
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Abhishek Singh T, Sadhukhan P, Ghosh N, Thakur N, Sharma A, Tejwan N, Pabbathi A, Das J, Sil PC. Targeted delivery of rutin into breast cancer cells via using phenylboronic acid functionalized MgO nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: B 2023; 296:116623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2023.116623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
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Ngoc LTN, Moon JY, Lee YC. Plant Extract-Derived Carbon Dots as Cosmetic Ingredients. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2654. [PMID: 37836295 PMCID: PMC10574410 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant extract-derived carbon dots (C-dots) have emerged as promising components for sustainability and natural inspiration to meet consumer demands. This review comprehensively explores the potential applications of C-dots derived from plant extracts in cosmetics. This paper discusses the synthesis methodologies for the generation of C-dots from plant precursors, including pyrolysis carbonization, chemical oxidation, hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and ultrasonic methods. Plant extract-derived C-dots offer distinct advantages over conventional synthetic materials by taking advantage of the inherent properties of plants, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and UV protective properties. These outstanding properties are critical for novel cosmetic applications such as for controlling skin aging, the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions, and sunscreen. In conclusion, plant extract-derived C-dots combine cutting-edge nanotechnology and sustainable cosmetic innovation, presenting an opportunity to revolutionize the industry by offering enhanced properties while embracing eco-friendly practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Nhu Ngoc
- Department of Nano Science and Technology Convergence, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Major in Beauty Convergence, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Zhu H, Peng N, Liang X, Yang S, Cai S, Chen Z, Yang Y, Wang J, Wang Y. Synthesis, properties and mechanism of carbon dots-based nano-antibacterial materials. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:062002. [PMID: 37722396 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acfada] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics play an important role in the treatment of diseases, but bacterial resistance caused by their widespread and unreasonable use has become an urgent problem in clinical treatment. With the rapid advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology, the development of nanomedicine has been transformed into a new approach to the problem of bacterial resistance. As a new type of carbon-based nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted the interest of antibacterial researchers due to their ease of preparation, amphiphilicity, facile surface functionalization, and excellent optical properties, among other properties. This article reviewed the synthesis methods and properties of various CDs and their composites in order to highlight the advancements in the field of CDs-based antibacterial agents. Then we focused on the relationship between the principal properties of CDs and the antibacterial mechanism, including the following: (1) the physical damage caused by the small size, amphiphilicity, and surface charge of CDs. (2) Photogenerated electron transfer characteristics of CDs that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in themselves or in other compounds. The ability of ROS to oxidize can lead to the lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, as well as damage proteins and DNA. (3) The nano-enzyme properties of CDs can catalyze reactions that generate ROS. (4) Synergistic antibacterial effect of CDs and antibiotics or other nanocomposites. Finally, we look forward to the challenges that CDs-based nanocomposites face in practical antibacterial applications and propose corresponding solutions to further expand the application potential of nanomaterials in the treatment of infectious diseases, particularly drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghao Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Zhao WB, Liu KK, Wang Y, Li FK, Guo R, Song SY, Shan CX. Antibacterial Carbon Dots: Mechanisms, Design, and Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300324. [PMID: 37178318 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance promotes the situation of developing new antibiotics at the forefront, while the development of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals is equally significant. In the post-antibiotic era, nanomaterials with high antibacterial efficiency and no drug resistance make them attractive candidates for antibacterial materials. Carbon dots (CDs), as a kind of carbon-based zero-dimensional nanomaterial, are attracting much attention for their multifunctional properties. The abundant surface states, tunable photoexcited states, and excellent photo-electron transfer properties make sterilization of CDs feasible and are gradually emerging in the antibacterial field. This review provides comprehensive insights into the recent development of CDs in the antibacterial field. The topics include mechanisms, design, and optimization processes, and their potential practical applications are also highlighted, such as treatment of bacterial infections, against bacterial biofilms, antibacterial surfaces, food preservation, and bacteria imaging and detection. Meanwhile, the challenges and outlook of CDs in the antibacterial field are discussed and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fu-Kui Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shi-Yu Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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Mohammed SJ, Omer KM, Hawaiz FE. Deep insights to explain the mechanism of carbon dot formation at various reaction times using the hydrothermal technique: FT-IR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and UV-visible spectroscopic approaches. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14340-14349. [PMID: 37180002 PMCID: PMC10170355 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01646c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-explained mechanism for synthesizing carbon dots (CDs) is not yet explored and is still a subject of great debate and challenge. This study used a one-step hydrothermal method to prepare highly efficient, gram-scale, excellent water solubility, and blue fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) with the particle size average distribution of around 5 nm from 4-aminoantipyrine. The effects of varying synthesis reaction times on the structure and mechanism formation of NCDs were investigated using spectroscopic methods, namely FT-IR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and UV-visible spectroscopies. The spectroscopic results indicated that increasing the reaction time affects the structure of the NCDs. As the hydrothermal synthesis reaction time is extended, the intensity of the peaks in the aromatic region decreases, and new peaks in the aliphatic and carbonyl group regions are generated, which display enhanced intensity. In addition, the photoluminescent quantum yield increases as the reaction time increases. The presence of a benzene ring in 4-aminoantipyrine is thought to contribute to the observed structural changes in NCDs. This is due to the increased noncovalent π-π stacking interactions of the aromatic ring during the carbon dot core formation. Moreover, the hydrolysis of the pyrazole ring in 4-aminoantipyrine results in polar functional groups attached to aliphatic carbons. As the reaction time prolongs, these functional groups progressively cover a larger portion of the surface of the NCDs. After 21 h of the synthesis process, the XRD spectrum of the produced NCDs illustrates a broad peak at 21.1°, indicating an amorphous turbostratic carbon phase. The d-spacing measured from the HR-TEM image is about 0.26 nm, which agrees with the (100) plane lattice of graphite carbon and confirms the purity of the NCD product with a surface covered by polar functional groups. This investigation will lead to a greater understanding of the effect of hydrothermal reaction time on the mechanism and structure of carbon dot synthesis. Moreover, it offers a simple, low-cost, and gram-scale method for creating high-quality NCDs crucial for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewara J Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani 46002 Kurdistan Regional Government Iraq
- Anesthesia Department, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University Sulaimaniya Sulaimaniya 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Khalid M Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani 46002 Kurdistan Regional Government Iraq
| | - Farouq E Hawaiz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University - Hawler Erbil Kurdistan Iraq
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Green synthesis and multifunctional applications of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots via one-step hydrothermal carbonization of Curcuma zedoaria. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1917-1931. [PMID: 36864311 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional (<10 nm) semiconductor carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been widely used in metal ion sensing and bioimaging. Here, we used the renewable resource Curcuma zedoaria as a carbon source and prepared green carbon quantum dots with good water solubility by a hydrothermal method without any chemical reagent. At different pH values (4-6) and high NaCl concentrations, the photoluminescence of the CQDs was very stable, which indicated that they were suitable for a wide range of applications even under harsh conditions. The CQDs exhibited fluorescence quenching in the presence of Fe3+ ions, indicating their application potential as fluorescence probes for the sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ ions. The CQDs showed high photostability, low cytotoxicity, and good hemolytic activity, and were successfully applied to bioimaging experiments, i.e. multicolor cell imaging in L-02 (human normal hepatocytes) and CHL (Chinese hamster lung) cells with and without Fe3+, as well as wash-free labeling imaging of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The CQDs also showed good free radical scavenging activity and demonstrated a protective effect against photooxidative damage to L-02 cells. These results indicate that CQDs obtained from medicinal herb sources have multiple potential applications in the fields of sensing, bioimaging, and even disease diagnosis.
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Jaiswal KS, Malka O, Shauloff N, Bersudsky M, Voronov E, Gupta B, Jelinek R. Genistein carbon dots exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 223:113173. [PMID: 36724562 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Genistein, an isoflavone from soybean, has attracted attention due to its health benefits, particularly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Clinical applications of genistein, however, have been limited due to the considerable hydrophobicity and lower bioavailability of the molecule. In this study, carbon dots (C-dots) synthesized from genistein as the carbonaceous precursor exhibit antioxidant properties in test-tube and cell experiments. Anti-inflammatory activity of the genistein-C-dots was also recorded in LPS stimulated macrophages, manifested in inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and enhancement anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the genistein-C-dots, particularly in comparison to the parent genistein molecules, likely account to the display of functional genistein residues on the C-dots' surfaces, and low band gap energy facilitating electron scavenging. Importantly, the genistein-C-dots featured biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, underlining their potential as a therapeutic vehicle against inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sagar Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel; Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, 751024 Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Orit Malka
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nitzan Shauloff
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Marina Bersudsky
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Elena Voronov
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, 751024 Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel; Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel.
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Tejwan N, Sadhukhan P, Sharma A, Singh TA, Hatimuria M, Pabbathi A, Das J, Sil PC. pH-responsive and targeted delivery of rutin for breast cancer therapy via folic acid-functionalized carbon dots. DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS 2022; 129:109346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2022.109346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
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12
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Alam K, Ahmad N. Pharmacognostic standardization of Rhododendron afghanicum through scanning electron microscopy and analytical techniques. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3130-3139. [PMID: 35656891 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the pharmacognostic and microscopic features of the selected parts of Rhododendron afghanicum Aitch. & Hemsl. It is a perennial and shrub. Anatomy of stem and leaves depicted dicot structure. It will provide knowledge about standardization, authentication, and adulteration with its co-species. The macroscopic examination reveals that fresh leaves are green, pleasant odor with a bitter taste. The leaf is oblong-elliptic in shape and sub-acute at apex; rounded at the base with entire margin. Stem is irregular and the outer surface is light brown, rough with fissures and ridges. Microscopic examination indicated the presence of xylem, phloem, peltate trichome, epidermal cells, collenchymas cells, paracytic stomata, and reticulate vessels. Stem microscopy reveals epidermis, hypodermis, cortex, sclerenchymatous sheath, phloem, xylem, and pith. It will be helpful in identification and quality control. Micro-morphological features were observed through SEM. EDX spectroscopy were carried out and revealed the presence of calcium, silicon, and potassium. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, phenols, protein, flavonoids, glycosides, and alkaloids. Ethyl acetate for leaf and stem demonstrate the highest extractive values (18% and 13%), respectively. XRD peaks appeared at 30.21, 28.73, 205.73, 200.73, 380.07, 390.24, 490.11, and 450.33ο . This will be helpful to identify the ownership of herbal drugs by the diffraction peaks through crystal structures and atomic spacing. These parameters are crucial for drug identification, standardization, authentication, and drug designing. These studies also provided knowledge regarding therapeutic and nutraceutical importance of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Alam
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Recent Advances in Synthesis, Modification, Characterization, and Applications of Carbon Dots. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112153. [PMID: 35683827 PMCID: PMC9183192 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is significant progress in the research of carbon dots (CDs), some challenges such as difficulty in large-scale synthesis, complicated purification, low quantum yield, ambiguity in structure-property correlation, electronic structures, and photophysics are still major obstacles that hinder the commercial use of CDs. Recent advances in synthesis, modification, characterization, and applications of CDs are summarized in this review. We illustrate some examples to correlate process parameters, structures, compositions, properties, and performances of CDs-based materials. The advances in the synthesis approach, purification methods, and modification/doping methods for the synthesis of CDs are also presented. Moreover, some examples of the kilogram-scale fabrication of CDs are given. The properties and performance of CDs can be tuned by some synthesis parameters, such as the incubation time and precursor ratio, the laser pulse width, and the average molar mass of the polymeric precursor. Surface passivation also has a significant influence on the particle sizes of CDs. Moreover, some factors affect the properties and performance of CDs, such as the polarity-sensitive fluorescence effect and concentration-dependent multicolor luminescence, together with the size and surface states of CDs. The synchrotron near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) test has been proved to be a useful tool to explore the correlation among structural features, photophysics, and emission performance of CDs. Recent advances of CDs in bioimaging, sensing, therapy, energy, fertilizer, separation, security authentication, food packing, flame retardant, and co-catalyst for environmental remediation applications were reviewed in this article. Furthermore, the roles of CDs, doped CDs, and their composites in these applications were also demonstrated.
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