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López-García D, Peñalver JMG, Górriz JM, Ruz M. MVPAlab: A machine learning decoding toolbox for multidimensional electroencephalography data. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 214:106549. [PMID: 34910975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The study of brain function has recently expanded from classical univariate to multivariate analyses. These multivariate, machine learning-based algorithms afford neuroscientists extracting more detailed and richer information from the data. However, the implementation of these procedures is usually challenging, especially for researchers with no coding experience. To address this problem, we have developed MVPAlab, a MATLAB-based, flexible decoding toolbox for multidimensional electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography data. METHODS The MVPAlab Toolbox implements several machine learning algorithms to compute multivariate pattern analyses, cross-classification, temporal generalization matrices and feature and frequency contribution analyses. It also provides access to an extensive set of preprocessing routines for, among others, data normalization, data smoothing, dimensionality reduction and supertrial generation. To draw statistical inferences at the group level, MVPAlab includes a non-parametric cluster-based permutation approach. RESULTS A sample electroencephalography dataset was compiled to test all the MVPAlab main functionalities. Significant clusters (p<0.01) were found for the proposed decoding analyses and different configurations, proving the software capability for discriminating between different experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS This toolbox has been designed to include an easy-to-use and intuitive graphic user interface and data representation software, which makes MVPAlab a very convenient tool for users with few or no previous coding experience. In addition, MVPAlab is not for beginners only, as it implements several high and low-level routines allowing more experienced users to design their own projects in a highly flexible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M G Peñalver
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M Górriz
- Data Science & Computational Intelligence Institute, University of Granada, Spain
| | - María Ruz
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
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Garcia-Gutierrez F, Delgado-Alvarez A, Delgado-Alonso C, Díaz-Álvarez J, Pytel V, Valles-Salgado M, Gil MJ, Hernández-Lorenzo L, Matías-Guiu J, Ayala JL, Matias-Guiu JA. Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia with machine learning-aided neuropsychological assessment using feature engineering and genetic algorithms. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 37. [PMID: 34894410 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychological assessment is considered a valid tool in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders. However, there is an important overlap in cognitive profiles between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and the usefulness in diagnosis is uncertain. We aimed to develop machine learning-based models for the diagnosis using cognitive tests. METHODS Three hundred and twenty-nine participants (170 AD, 72 bvFTD, 87 healthy control [HC]) were enrolled. Evolutionary algorithms, inspired by the process of natural selection, were applied for both mono-objective and multi-objective classification and feature selection. Classical algorithms (NativeBayes, Support Vector Machines, among others) were also used, and a meta-model strategy. RESULTS Accuracies for the diagnosis of AD, bvFTD and the differential diagnosis between them were higher than 84%. Algorithms were able to significantly reduce the number of tests and scores needed. Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, verbal fluency and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination were amongst the most meaningful tests. CONCLUSIONS Our study found high levels of accuracy for diagnosis using exclusively neuropsychological tests, which supports the usefulness of cognitive assessment in diagnosis. Machine learning may have a role in improving the interpretation and test selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Garcia-Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Research Health Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Computer Architecture and Automation, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Delgado-Alvarez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Research Health Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Delgado-Alonso
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Research Health Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefa Díaz-Álvarez
- Department of Computer Architecture and Communications, Centro Universitario de Mérida, Universidad de Extremadura, Merida, Spain
| | - Vanesa Pytel
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Research Health Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Valles-Salgado
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Research Health Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jose Gil
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Research Health Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Hernández-Lorenzo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Research Health Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Computer Architecture and Automation, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Research Health Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Ayala
- Department of Computer Architecture and Automation, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi A Matias-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Research Health Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Ahmed SA, Nath B. Identification of adverse disease agents and risk analysis using frequent pattern mining. Inf Sci (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2021.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Al-Nuaimi AH, Blūma M, Al-Juboori SS, Eke CS, Jammeh E, Sun L, Ifeachor E. Robust EEG Based Biomarkers to Detect Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1026. [PMID: 34439645 PMCID: PMC8394244 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) would enable patients to gain access to appropriate services and may facilitate the development of new therapies. Given the large numbers of people affected by AD, there is a need for a low-cost, easy to use method to detect AD patients. Potentially, the electroencephalogram (EEG) can play a valuable role in this, but at present no single EEG biomarker is robust enough for use in practice. This study aims to provide a methodological framework for the development of robust EEG biomarkers to detect AD with a clinically acceptable performance by exploiting the combined strengths of key biomarkers. A large number of existing and novel EEG biomarkers associated with slowing of EEG, reduction in EEG complexity and decrease in EEG connectivity were investigated. Support vector machine and linear discriminate analysis methods were used to find the best combination of the EEG biomarkers to detect AD with significant performance. A total of 325,567 EEG biomarkers were investigated, and a panel of six biomarkers was identified and used to create a diagnostic model with high performance (≥85% for sensitivity and 100% for specificity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. Al-Nuaimi
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (S.S.A.-J.); (C.S.E.); (E.J.); (L.S.); (E.I.)
- College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Al Adhamiya, Baghdad 10053, Iraq
| | - Marina Blūma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Shaymaa S. Al-Juboori
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (S.S.A.-J.); (C.S.E.); (E.J.); (L.S.); (E.I.)
- College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Al Adhamiya, Baghdad 10053, Iraq
| | - Chima S. Eke
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (S.S.A.-J.); (C.S.E.); (E.J.); (L.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Emmanuel Jammeh
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (S.S.A.-J.); (C.S.E.); (E.J.); (L.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Lingfen Sun
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (S.S.A.-J.); (C.S.E.); (E.J.); (L.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Emmanuel Ifeachor
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (S.S.A.-J.); (C.S.E.); (E.J.); (L.S.); (E.I.)
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Data-driven mechanism based on fuzzy Lagrangian twin parametric-margin support vector machine for biomedical data analysis. Neural Comput Appl 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-021-05866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Naik B, Mehta A, Shah M. Denouements of machine learning and multimodal diagnostic classification of Alzheimer's disease. Vis Comput Ind Biomed Art 2020; 3:26. [PMID: 33151420 PMCID: PMC7642580 DOI: 10.1186/s42492-020-00062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. The exact cause and treatment of the disease are still unknown. Different neuroimaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography, have played a significant role in the study of AD. However, the effective diagnosis of AD, as well as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), has recently drawn large attention. Various technological advancements, such as robots, global positioning system technology, sensors, and machine learning (ML) algorithms, have helped improve the diagnostic process of AD. This study aimed to determine the influence of implementing different ML classifiers in MRI and analyze the use of support vector machines with various multimodal scans for classifying patients with AD/MCI and healthy controls. Conclusions have been drawn in terms of employing different classifier techniques and presenting the optimal multimodal paradigm for the classification of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binny Naik
- Department of Computer Engineering, Indus University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382115, India
| | - Ashir Mehta
- Department of Computer Engineering, Indus University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382115, India
| | - Manan Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India.
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Zheng K, Harris CE, Jennane R, Makrogiannis S. Integrative blockwise sparse analysis for tissue characterization and classification. Artif Intell Med 2020; 107:101885. [PMID: 32828443 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The topic of sparse representation of samples in high dimensional spaces has attracted growing interest during the past decade. In this work, we develop sparse representation-based methods for classification of clinical imaging patterns into healthy and diseased states. We propose a spatial block decomposition method to address irregularities of the approximation problem and to build an ensemble of classifiers that we expect to yield more accurate numerical solutions than conventional sparse analyses of the complete spatial domain of the images. We introduce two classification decision strategies based on maximum a posteriori probability (BBMAP), or a log likelihood function (BBLL) and an approach to adjusting the classification decision criteria. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach we used cross-validation techniques on imaging datasets with disease class labels. We first applied the proposed approach to diagnosis of osteoporosis using bone radiographs. In this problem we assume that changes in trabecular bone connectivity can be captured by intensity patterns. The second application domain is separation of breast lesions into benign and malignant categories in mammograms. The object classes in both of these applications are not linearly separable, and the classification accuracy may depend on the lesion size in the second application. Our results indicate that the proposed integrative sparse analysis addresses the ill-posedness of the approximation problem and produces very good class separation for trabecular bone characterization and for breast lesion characterization. Our approach yields higher classification rates than conventional sparse classification and previously published convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that we fine-tuned for our datasets, or utilized for feature extraction. The BBLL technique also produced higher classification rates than learners using hand-crafted texture features, and the Bag of Keypoints, which is a sophisticated patch-based method. Furthermore, our comparative experiments showed that the BBLL function may yield more accurate classification than BBMAP, because BBLL accounts for possible estimation bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keni Zheng
- Division of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901-2277, USA
| | - Chelsea E Harris
- Division of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901-2277, USA
| | - Rachid Jennane
- I3MTO Laboratory, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France
| | - Sokratis Makrogiannis
- Division of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901-2277, USA.
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Kuo CFJ, Kao CH, Dlamini S, Liu SC. Laryngopharyngeal reflux image quantization and analysis of its severity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10975. [PMID: 32620899 PMCID: PMC7335083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a prevalent disease affecting a high proportion of patients seeking laryngology consultation. Diagnosis is made subjectively based on history, symptoms, and endoscopic assessment. The results depend on the examiner's interpretation of endoscopic images. There are still no consistent objective diagnostic methods. The aim of this study is to use image processing techniques to quantize the laryngeal variation caused by LPR, to judge and analyze its severity. This study proposed methods of screening sharp images automatically from laryngeal endoscopic images and using throat eigen structure for automatic region segmentation. The proposed image compensation improved the illumination problems from the use of laryngoscope lens. Fisher linear discriminant was used to find out features and classification performance while support vector machine was used as the classifier for judging LPR. Evaluation results were 97.16% accuracy, 98.11% sensitivity, and 3.77% false positive rate. To evaluate the severity, quantized data of the laryngeal variation was used. LPR images were combined with reflux symptom index score chart, and severity was graded using a neural network. The results indicated 96.08% accuracy. The experiment indicated that laryngeal variation induced by LPR could be quantized by using image processing techniques to assist in diagnosing and treating LPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Feng Jeffrey Kuo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Hsiang Kao
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sifundvolesihle Dlamini
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shao-Cheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Cheng-Gong Road, Neihu District, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, ROC.
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Braithwaite B, Paananen J, Taipale H, Tanskanen A, Tiihonen J, Hartikainen S, Tolppanen AM. Detection of medications associated with Alzheimer's disease using ensemble methods and cooperative game theory. Int J Med Inform 2020; 141:104142. [PMID: 32531724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the feasibility of evaluating feature importance with Shapley Values and ensemble methods in the context of pharmacoepidemiology and medication safety. METHODS We detected medications associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by examining the additive feature attribution with combined approach of Gradient Boosting and Shapley Values in the Medication use and Alzheimer's disease (MEDALZ) study, a nested case-control study of 70,719 verified AD cases in Finland. Our methodological approach is to do binary classification using Gradient boosting (an ensemble of weak classifiers) in a supervised learning manner. Then we apply Shapley Values (from cooperative game theory) to analyze how feature combinations affect the classification result. Medication use with a five to one year time-window before AD diagnosis was ascertained from Prescription register. RESULTS Antipsychotics with low or medium dose, antidepressants with medium to high dose, and cardiovascular medications with medium to high dose were identified as the contributing features for separating cases with AD from controls. Medium to high amount of irregularity in the purchase pattern were an indicating feature for separating AD cases from controls. The similarity of medication purchases between AD cases and controls made the feature evaluation challenging. CONCLUSIONS The combined approach of Gradient Boosting and feature evaluation with Shapley Values identified features that were consistent with findings from previous hypothesis-driven studies. Additionally, the results from the additive feature attribution identified new candidates for future studies on AD risk factors. Our approach also shows promise for studies based on observational studies, where feature identification and interactions in populations are of interest; and the applicability of using Shapley Values for evaluating feature relevance in pattern recognition tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Braithwaite
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Paananen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - H Taipale
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Tanskanen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Hartikainen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A-M Tolppanen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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López-García D, Sobrado A, Peñalver JMG, Górriz JM, Ruz M. Multivariate Pattern Analysis Techniques for Electroencephalography Data to Study Flanker Interference Effects. Int J Neural Syst 2020; 30:2050024. [PMID: 32496140 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065720500240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A central challenge in cognitive neuroscience is to understand the neural mechanisms that underlie the capacity to control our behavior according to internal goals. Flanker tasks, which require responding to stimuli surrounded by distracters that trigger incompatible action tendencies, are frequently used to measure this conflict. Even though the interference generated in these situations has been broadly studied, multivariate analysis techniques can shed new light into the underlying neural mechanisms. The current study is an initial approximation to adapt an interference Flanker paradigm embedded in a Demand-Selection Task (DST) to a format that allows measuring concurrent high-density electroencephalography (EEG). We used multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to decode conflict-related electrophysiological markers associated with congruent or incongruent target events in a time-frequency resolved way. Our results replicate findings obtained with other analysis approaches and offer new information regarding the dynamics of the underlying mechanisms, which show signs of reinstantiation. Our findings, some of which could not have been obtained with classic analytical strategies, open novel avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David López-García
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, 18071 Spain
| | - Alberto Sobrado
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, 18071 Spain
| | - José M G Peñalver
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, 18071 Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Górriz
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, 18071 Spain
| | - María Ruz
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, 18071 Spain
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Castillo-Barnes D, Su L, Ramírez J, Salas-Gonzalez D, Martinez-Murcia FJ, Illan IA, Segovia F, Ortiz A, Cruchaga C, Farlow MR, Xiong C, Graff-Radford NR, Schofield PR, Masters CL, Salloway S, Jucker M, Mori H, Levin J, Gorriz JM. Autosomal Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Disease: Analysis of genetic subgroups by Machine Learning. AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON INFORMATION FUSION 2020; 58:153-167. [PMID: 32284705 PMCID: PMC7153760 DOI: 10.1016/j.inffus.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite subjects with Dominantly-Inherited Alzheimer's Disease (DIAD) represent less than 1% of all Alzheimer's Disease (AD) cases, the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) initiative constitutes a strong impact in the understanding of AD disease course with special emphasis on the presyptomatic disease phase. Until now, the 3 genes involved in DIAD pathogenesis (PSEN1, PSEN2 and APP) have been commonly merged into one group (Mutation Carriers, MC) and studied using conventional statistical analysis. Comparisons between groups using null-hypothesis testing or longitudinal regression procedures, such as the linear-mixed-effects models, have been assessed in the extant literature. Within this context, the work presented here performs a comparison between different groups of subjects by considering the 3 genes, either jointly or separately, and using tools based on Machine Learning (ML). This involves a feature selection step which makes use of ANOVA followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine which features would be realiable for further comparison purposes. Then, the selected predictors are classified using a Support-Vector-Machine (SVM) in a nested k-Fold cross-validation resulting in maximum classification rates of 72-74% using PiB PET features, specially when comparing asymptomatic Non-Carriers (NC) subjects with asymptomatic PSEN1 Mutation-Carriers (PSEN1-MC). Results obtained from these experiments led to the idea that PSEN1-MC might be considered as a mixture of two different subgroups including: a first group whose patterns were very close to NC subjects, and a second group much more different in terms of imaging patterns. Thus, using a k-Means clustering algorithm it was determined both subgroups and a new classification scenario was conducted to validate this process. The comparison between each subgroup vs. NC subjects resulted in classification rates around 80% underscoring the importance of considering DIAN as an heterogeneous entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Castillo-Barnes
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada (Spain)
| | - Li Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (UK)
| | - Javier Ramírez
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada (Spain)
| | - Diego Salas-Gonzalez
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada (Spain)
| | | | - Ignacio A. Illan
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada (Spain)
| | - Fermin Segovia
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada (Spain)
| | - Andres Ortiz
- Department of Communications Engineering, University of Malaga, Malaga (Spain)
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (USA)
| | - Martin R. Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (USA)
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (USA)
| | | | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney (Australia)
| | - Colin L. Masters
- Florey Institute and University of Melbourne, Victoria (Australia)
| | | | - Mathias Jucker
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen (Germany)
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osaka City University Medical school, Osaka (Japan)
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich (Germany)
| | - Juan M. Gorriz
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada (Spain)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (UK)
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Eke CS, Jammeh E, Li X, Carroll C, Pearson S, Ifeachor E. Identification of Optimum Panel of Blood-based Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis Using Machine Learning. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2018:3991-3994. [PMID: 30441233 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing number of people living with Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a need for low-cost and easy to use methods to detect AD early to facilitate access to appropriate care pathways. Neuroimaging biomarkers (such as those based on PET and MRI) and biochemical biomarkers (such as those based on CSF) are recommended by international guidelines to facilitate diagnosis. However, neuroimaging is expensive and may not be widely available and CSF testing is invasive. Bloodbased biomarkers offer the potential for the development of a low-cost and more time efficient tool to detect AD to complement CSF and neuroimaging as blood is much easier to obtain. Although no single blood biomarker is yet able to detect AD, combinations of biomarkers (also called panels) have shown good results. However, a large number of biomarkers are often needed to achieve a satisfactory detection performance. In addition, it is difficult to reproduce reported results within and across different study cohorts because of data overfitting and lack of access to the datasets used in the studies. In this study, our focus is to identify an optimum panel (in terms of the least number of blood biomarkers to meet the specified diagnostic performance of 80% sensitivity and specificity) based on a widely accessible data set, and to demonstrate a testing methodology that reinforces reproducibility of results. Realizing a panel with reduced number of markers will have significant impact on the complexity and cost of diagnosis and potential development of cost-effective point of care devices.
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Bucholc M, Ding X, Wang H, Glass DH, Wang H, Prasad G, Maguire LP, Bjourson AJ, McClean PL, Todd S, Finn DP, Wong-Lin K. A practical computerized decision support system for predicting the severity of Alzheimer's disease of an individual. EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2019; 130:157-171. [PMID: 31402810 PMCID: PMC6688646 DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Computerized clinical decision support systems can help to provide objective, standardized, and timely dementia diagnosis. However, current computerized systems are mainly based on group analysis, discrete classification of disease stages, or expensive and not readily accessible biomarkers, while current clinical practice relies relatively heavily on cognitive and functional assessments (CFA). In this study, we developed a computational framework using a suite of machine learning tools for identifying key markers in predicting the severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) from a large set of biological and clinical measures. Six machine learning approaches, namely Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR), Support Vector Regression, and k-Nearest Neighbor for regression and Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and k-Nearest Neighbor for classification, were used for the development of predictive models. We demonstrated high predictive power of CFA. Predictive performance of models incorporating CFA was shown to consistently have higher accuracy than those based solely on biomarker modalities. We found that KRR and SVM were the best performing regression and classification methods respectively. The optimal SVM performance was observed for a set of four CFA test scores (FAQ, ADAS13, MoCA, MMSE) with multi-class classification accuracy of 83.0%, 95%CI = (72.1%, 93.8%) while the best performance of the KRR model was reported with combined CFA and MRI neuroimaging data, i.e., R 2 = 0.874, 95%CI = (0.827, 0.922). Given the high predictive power of CFA and their widespread use in clinical practice, we then designed a data-driven and self-adaptive computerized clinical decision support system (CDSS) prototype for evaluating the severity of AD of an individual on a continuous spectrum. The system implemented an automated computational approach for data pre-processing, modelling, and validation and used exclusively the scores of selected cognitive measures as data entries. Taken together, we have developed an objective and practical CDSS to aid AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Bucholc
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering & Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Magee campus, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Cognitive Analytics Research Lab, School of Computing, Engineering & Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Magee campus, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Centre for Public Service Big Data Mining and Application, College of Mathematics and Informatics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Ulster University, Jordanstown campus, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - David H. Glass
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Ulster University, Jordanstown campus, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Ulster University, Jordanstown campus, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Girijesh Prasad
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering & Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Magee campus, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Liam P. Maguire
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering & Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Magee campus, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Bjourson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Paula L. McClean
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Todd
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - David P. Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - KongFatt Wong-Lin
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering & Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Magee campus, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Lo Giudice P, Mammone N, Morabito FC, Pizzimenti RG, Ursino D, Virgili L. Leveraging network analysis to support experts in their analyses of subjects with MCI and AD. Med Biol Eng Comput 2019; 57:1961-1983. [PMID: 31301007 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-019-02004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a network analysis-based approach to help experts in their analyses of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (hereafter, MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (hereafter, AD) and to investigate the evolution of these subjects over time. The inputs of our approach are the electroencephalograms (hereafter, EEGs) of the patients to analyze, performed at a certain time and, again, 3 months later. Given an EEG of a subject, our approach constructs a network with nodes that represent the electrodes and edges that denote connections between electrodes. Then, it applies several network-based techniques allowing the investigation of subjects with MCI and AD and the analysis of their evolution over time. (i) A connection coefficient, supporting experts to distinguish patients with MCI from patients with AD; (ii) A conversion coefficient, supporting experts to verify if a subject with MCI is converting to AD; (iii) Some network motifs, i.e., network patterns very frequent in one kind of patient and absent, or very rare, in the other. Patients with AD, just by the very nature of their condition, cannot be forced to stay motionless while undergoing examinations for a long time. EEG is a non-invasive examination that can be easily done on them. Since AD and MCI, if prodromal to AD, are associated with a loss of cortical connections, the adoption of network analysis appears suitable to investigate the effects of the progression of the disease on EEG. This paper confirms the suitability of this idea Graphical Abstract Ability of our proposed model to distinguish a control subject from a patient with MCI and a patient with AD. Blue edges represent strong connections among the corresponding brain areas; red edges denote middle connections, whereas green edges indicate weak connections. In the control subject (at the top), most connections are blue. In the patient with MCI (at the middle), most connections are red and green. In the patient with AD (at the bottom), most connections are either absent or green. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lo Giudice
- DIIES, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Nadia Mammone
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luca Virgili
- DII, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Ahmed MR, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Lo B, Inan OT, Liao H. Neuroimaging and Machine Learning for Dementia Diagnosis: Recent Advancements and Future Prospects. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2018; 12:19-33. [PMID: 30561351 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2018.2886237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dementia, a chronic and progressive cognitive declination of brain function caused by disease or impairment, is becoming more prevalent due to the aging population. A major challenge in dementia is achieving accurate and timely diagnosis. In recent years, neuroimaging with computer-aided algorithms have made remarkable advances in addressing this challenge. The success of these approaches is mostly attributed to the application of machine learning techniques for neuroimaging. In this review paper, we present a comprehensive survey of automated diagnostic approaches for dementia using medical image analysis and machine learning algorithms published in the recent years. Based on the rigorous review of the existing works, we have found that, while most of the studies focused on Alzheimer's disease, recent research has demonstrated reasonable performance in the identification of other types of dementia remains a major challenge. Multimodal imaging analysis deep learning approaches have shown promising results in the diagnosis of these other types of dementia. The main contributions of this review paper are as follows. 1) Based on the detailed analysis of the existing literature, this paper discusses neuroimaging procedures for dementia diagnosis. 2) It systematically explains the most recent machine learning techniques and, in particular, deep learning approaches for early detection of dementia.
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Credibility support vector machines based on fuzzy outputs. Soft comput 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-018-3106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Shen T, Jiang J, Li Y, Wu P, Zuo C, Yan Z. Decision Supporting Model for One-year Conversion Probability from MCI to AD using CNN and SVM. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:738-741. [PMID: 30440502 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8512398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of Alzheimer's disease (AD) from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) has become popular in recent years. Especially, deep learning technique has been used to extract high-quality features and for classification in this topic. Whether the patient would converse from MCI into AD is a particular evaluation criteria in clinics. However, there is no such a conversion prediction model in literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a decision supporting model based on deep learning and machine learning to predict the conversion probability from MCI into AD within one year. We analyzed 165 samples with MRI scans from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, in which all MCI patients were converted into AD in different time span for conversion. In this model, we first extracted image features based on convolutional neural network (CNN) method, and then we used support vector machine (SVM) classifier to classify these features. The results showed that the classification accuracy using linear, polynomial and RBF kernel could achieve 91.0%, 90.0% and 92.3%. As a result, this study indicated that the decision supporting model is potential to be applied into predicting the conversion probability from MCI into AD within one year.
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Machine-learning based identification of undiagnosed dementia in primary care: a feasibility study. BJGP Open 2018; 2:bjgpopen18X101589. [PMID: 30564722 PMCID: PMC6184101 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen18x101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Up to half of patients with dementia may not receive a formal diagnosis, limiting access to appropriate services. It is hypothesised that it may be possible to identify undiagnosed dementia from a profile of symptoms recorded in routine clinical practice. Aim The aim of this study is to develop a machine learning-based model that could be used in general practice to detect dementia from routinely collected NHS data. The model would be a useful tool for identifying people who may be living with dementia but have not been formally diagnosed. Design & setting The study involved a case-control design and analysis of primary care data routinely collected over a 2-year period. Dementia diagnosed during the study period was compared to no diagnosis of dementia during the same period using pseudonymised routinely collected primary care clinical data. Method Routinely collected Read-encoded data were obtained from 18 consenting GP surgeries across Devon, for 26 483 patients aged >65 years. The authors determined Read codes assigned to patients that may contribute to dementia risk. These codes were used as features to train a machine-learning classification model to identify patients that may have underlying dementia. Results The model obtained sensitivity and specificity values of 84.47% and 86.67%, respectively. Conclusion The results show that routinely collected primary care data may be used to identify undiagnosed dementia. The methodology is promising and, if successfully developed and deployed, may help to increase dementia diagnosis in primary care.
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Son LH, Tuan TM, Fujita H, Dey N, Ashour AS, Ngoc VTN, Anh LQ, Chu DT. Dental diagnosis from X-Ray images: An expert system based on fuzzy computing. Biomed Signal Process Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ramírez J, Górriz JM, Ortiz A, Martínez-Murcia FJ, Segovia F, Salas-Gonzalez D, Castillo-Barnes D, Illán IA, Puntonet CG. Ensemble of random forests One vs. Rest classifiers for MCI and AD prediction using ANOVA cortical and subcortical feature selection and partial least squares. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 302:47-57. [PMID: 29242123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and affects approximately 30 million individuals worldwide. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is very frequently a prodromal phase of AD, and existing studies have suggested that people with MCI tend to progress to AD at a rate of about 10-15% per year. However, the ability of clinicians and machine learning systems to predict AD based on MRI biomarkers at an early stage is still a challenging problem that can have a great impact in improving treatments. METHOD The proposed system, developed by the SiPBA-UGR team for this challenge, is based on feature standardization, ANOVA feature selection, partial least squares feature dimension reduction and an ensemble of One vs. Rest random forest classifiers. With the aim of improving its performance when discriminating healthy controls (HC) from MCI, a second binary classification level was introduced that reconsiders the HC and MCI predictions of the first level. RESULTS The system was trained and evaluated on an ADNI datasets that consist of T1-weighted MRI morphological measurements from HC, stable MCI, converter MCI and AD subjects. The proposed system yields a 56.25% classification score on the test subset which consists of 160 real subjects. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) The classifier yielded the best performance when compared to: (i) One vs. One (OvO), One vs. Rest (OvR) and error correcting output codes (ECOC) as strategies for reducing the multiclass classification task to multiple binary classification problems, (ii) support vector machines, gradient boosting classifier and random forest as base binary classifiers, and (iii) bagging ensemble learning. CONCLUSIONS A robust method has been proposed for the international challenge on MCI prediction based on MRI data. The system yielded the second best performance during the competition with an accuracy rate of 56.25% when evaluated on the real subjects of the test set.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramírez
- Dept. of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - J M Górriz
- Dept. of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Ortiz
- Dept. Communications Engineering, University of Málaga, Spain
| | - F J Martínez-Murcia
- Dept. of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F Segovia
- Dept. of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Spain
| | - D Salas-Gonzalez
- Dept. of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Spain
| | - D Castillo-Barnes
- Dept. of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Spain
| | - I A Illán
- Dept. of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Spain
| | - C G Puntonet
- Dept. Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Spain
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Park JE, Park B, Kim SJ, Kim HS, Choi CG, Jung SC, Oh JY, Lee JH, Roh JH, Shim WH. Improved Diagnostic Accuracy of Alzheimer's Disease by Combining Regional Cortical Thickness and Default Mode Network Functional Connectivity: Validated in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Set. Korean J Radiol 2017; 18:983-991. [PMID: 29089831 PMCID: PMC5639164 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2017.18.6.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify potential imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease by combining brain cortical thickness (CThk) and functional connectivity and to validate this model's diagnostic accuracy in a validation set. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 98 subjects was retrospectively reviewed, including a study set (n = 63) and a validation set from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (n = 35). From each subject, data for CThk and functional connectivity of the default mode network was extracted from structural T1-weighted and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical regions with significant differences between patients and healthy controls in the correlation of CThk and functional connectivity were identified in the study set. The diagnostic accuracy of functional connectivity measures combined with CThk in the identified regions was evaluated against that in the medial temporal lobes using the validation set and application of a support vector machine. RESULTS Group-wise differences in the correlation of CThk and default mode network functional connectivity were identified in the superior temporal (p < 0.001) and supramarginal gyrus (p = 0.007) of the left cerebral hemisphere. Default mode network functional connectivity combined with the CThk of those two regions were more accurate than that combined with the CThk of both medial temporal lobes (91.7% vs. 75%). CONCLUSION Combining functional information with CThk of the superior temporal and supramarginal gyri in the left cerebral hemisphere improves diagnostic accuracy, making it a potential imaging biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Bumwoo Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.,Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Ho Sung Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Choong Gon Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Seung Chai Jung
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Joo Young Oh
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jee Hoon Roh
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Shim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
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Wenjun Wu, Venugopalan J, Wang MD. 11C-PIB PET image analysis for Alzheimer's diagnosis using weighted voting ensembles. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2017:3914-3917. [PMID: 29060753 PMCID: PMC7324291 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the leading causes of death and dementia worldwide. Early diagnosis confers many benefits, including improved care and access to effective treatment. However, it is still a medical challenge due to the lack of an efficient and inexpensive way to assess cognitive function [1]. Although research on data from Neuroimaging and Brain Initiative and the advancement in data analytics has greatly enhanced our understanding of the underlying disease process, there is still a lack of complete knowledge regarding the indicative biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. Recently, computer aided diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and AD with functional brain images using machine learning methods has become popular. However, the prediction accuracy remains unoptimistic, with prediction accuracy ranging from 60% to 88% [2,3,6]. Among them, support vector machine is the most popular classifier. However, because of the relatively small sample size and the amount of noise in functional brain imaging data, a single classifier cannot achieve high classification performance. Instead of using a global classifier, in this work, we aim to improve AD prediction accuracy by combining three different classifiers using weighted and unweighted schemes. We rank image-derived features according to their importance to the classification performance and show that the top ranked features are localized in the brain areas which have been found to associate with the progression of AD. We test the proposed approach on 11C-PIB PET scans from The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database and demonstrated that the weighted ensemble models outperformed individual models of K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forests, Neural Nets with overall cross validation accuracy of 86.1% ± 8.34%, specificity of 90.6% ± 12.9% and test accuracy of 80.9% and specificity 85.76% in classification of AD, mild cognitive impairment and healthy elder adults.
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Bang S, Son S, Roh H, Lee J, Bae S, Lee K, Hong C, Shin H. Quad-phased data mining modeling for dementia diagnosis. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2017; 17:60. [PMID: 28539115 PMCID: PMC5444044 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-017-0451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of people with dementia is increasing along with people's ageing trend worldwide. Therefore, there are various researches to improve a dementia diagnosis process in the field of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technology. The most significant issue is that the evaluation processes by physician which is based on medical information for patients and questionnaire from their guardians are time consuming, subjective and prone to error. This problem can be solved by an overall data mining modeling, which subsidizes an intuitive decision of clinicians. METHODS Therefore, in this paper we propose a quad-phased data mining modeling consisting of 4 modules. In Proposer Module, significant diagnostic criteria are selected that are effective for diagnostics. Then in Predictor Module, a model is constructed to predict and diagnose dementia based on a machine learning algorism. To help clinical physicians understand results of the predictive model better, in Descriptor Module, we interpret causes of diagnostics by profiling patient groups. Lastly, in Visualization Module, we provide visualization to effectively explore characteristics of patient groups. RESULTS The proposed model is applied for CREDOS study which contains clinical data collected from 37 university-affiliated hospitals in republic of Korea from year 2005 to 2013. CONCLUSIONS This research is an intelligent system enabling intuitive collaboration between CAD system and physicians. And also, improved evaluation process is able to effectively reduce time and cost consuming for clinicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjoo Bang
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjoon Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoong Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Department of Digital Media, Ajou University, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyun Bae
- Department of Digital Media, Ajou University, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwon Lee
- Department of Digital Media, Ajou University, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyung Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Hatabu A, Harada M, Takahashi Y, Watanabe S, Sakamoto K, Okamoto K, Kawashita N, Tian YS, Takagi T. Classification of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease using a support vector machine and probabilistic outputs. CHEM-BIO INFORMATICS JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1273/cbij.17.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Hatabu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University,
| | - Masafumi Harada
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Tokushima,
| | | | | | - Kenya Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University,
| | | | - Norihito Kawashita
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University,
| | - Yu-Shi Tian
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University,
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University,
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Wang Y, Qiu Y, Thai T, Moore K, Liu H, Zheng B. Applying a computer-aided scheme to detect a new radiographic image marker for prediction of chemotherapy outcome. BMC Med Imaging 2016; 16:52. [PMID: 27581075 PMCID: PMC5006425 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-016-0157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the feasibility of automated segmentation of visceral and subcutaneous fat areas from computed tomography (CT) images of ovarian cancer patients and applying the computed adiposity-related image features to predict chemotherapy outcome. Methods A computerized image processing scheme was developed to segment visceral and subcutaneous fat areas, and compute adiposity-related image features. Then, logistic regression models were applied to analyze association between the scheme-generated assessment scores and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients using a leave-one-case-out cross-validation method and a dataset involving 32 patients. Results The correlation coefficients between automated and radiologist’s manual segmentation of visceral and subcutaneous fat areas were 0.76 and 0.89, respectively. The scheme-generated prediction scores using adiposity-related radiographic image features significantly associated with patients’ PFS (p < 0.01). Conclusion Using a computerized scheme enables to more efficiently and robustly segment visceral and subcutaneous fat areas. The computed adiposity-related image features also have potential to improve accuracy in predicting chemotherapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Wang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| | - Yuchen Qiu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Theresa Thai
- Health Science Center of University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Kathleen Moore
- Health Science Center of University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Bin Zheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
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Alberdi A, Aztiria A, Basarab A. On the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease from multimodal signals: A survey. Artif Intell Med 2016; 71:1-29. [PMID: 27506128 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The number of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients is increasing with increased life expectancy and 115.4 million people are expected to be affected in 2050. Unfortunately, AD is commonly diagnosed too late, when irreversible damages have been caused in the patient. OBJECTIVE An automatic, continuous and unobtrusive early AD detection method would be required to improve patients' life quality and avoid big healthcare costs. Thus, the objective of this survey is to review the multimodal signals that could be used in the development of such a system, emphasizing on the accuracy that they have shown up to date for AD detection. Some useful tools and specific issues towards this goal will also have to be reviewed. METHODS An extensive literature review was performed following a specific search strategy, inclusion criteria, data extraction and quality assessment in the Inspec, Compendex and PubMed databases. RESULTS This work reviews the extensive list of psychological, physiological, behavioural and cognitive measurements that could be used for AD detection. The most promising measurements seem to be magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for AD vs control (CTL) discrimination with an 98.95% accuracy, while electroencephalogram (EEG) shows the best results for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) vs CTL (97.88%) and MCI vs AD distinction (94.05%). Available physiological and behavioural AD datasets are listed, as well as medical imaging analysis steps and neuroimaging processing toolboxes. Some issues such as "label noise" and multi-site data are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The development of an unobtrusive and transparent AD detection system should be based on a multimodal system in order to take full advantage of all kinds of symptoms, detect even the smallest changes and combine them, so as to detect AD as early as possible. Such a multimodal system might probably be based on physiological monitoring of MRI or EEG, as well as behavioural measurements like the ones proposed along the article. The mentioned AD datasets and image processing toolboxes are available for their use towards this goal. Issues like "label noise" and multi-site neuroimaging incompatibilities may also have to be overcome, but methods for this purpose are already available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Alberdi
- Mondragon University, Electronics and Computing Department, Goiru Kalea, 2, Arrasate 20500, Spain.
| | - Asier Aztiria
- Mondragon University, Electronics and Computing Department, Goiru Kalea, 2, Arrasate 20500, Spain.
| | - Adrian Basarab
- Université de Toulouse, Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5505, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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Lei B, Chen S, Ni D, Wang T. Discriminative Learning for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis via Canonical Correlation Analysis and Multimodal Fusion. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:77. [PMID: 27242506 PMCID: PMC4868852 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To address the challenging task of diagnosing neurodegenerative brain disease, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we propose a novel method using discriminative feature learning and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) in this paper. Specifically, multimodal features and their CCA projections are concatenated together to represent each subject, and hence both individual and shared information of AD disease are captured. A discriminative learning with multilayer feature hierarchy is designed to further improve performance. Also, hybrid representation is proposed to maximally explore data from multiple modalities. A novel normalization method is devised to tackle the intra- and inter-subject variations from the multimodal data. Based on our extensive experiments, our method achieves an accuracy of 96.93% [AD vs. normal control (NC)], 86.57 % (MCI vs. NC), and 82.75% [MCI converter (MCI-C) vs. MCI non-converter (MCI-NC)], respectively, which outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiying Lei
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen, China
| | - Siping Chen
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Ni
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianfu Wang
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen, China
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Garali I, Adel M, Bourennane S, Guedj E. Brain region ranking for 18FDG-PET computer-aided diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Signal Process Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Song Y, Riera JJ, Bhatia S, Ragheb J, Garcia C, Weil AG, Jayakar P, Lin WC. Intraoperative optical mapping of epileptogenic cortices during non-ictal periods in pediatric patients. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 11:423-434. [PMID: 27104137 PMCID: PMC4827725 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Complete removal of epileptogenic cortex while preserving eloquent areas is crucial in patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. In this manuscript, the feasibility was explored of developing a new methodology based on dynamic intrinsic optical signal imaging (DIOSI) to intraoperatively detect and differentiate epileptogenic from eloquent cortices in pediatric patients with focal epilepsy. From 11 pediatric patients undergoing epilepsy surgery, negatively-correlated hemodynamic low-frequency oscillations (LFOs, ~ 0.02-0.1 Hz) were observed from the exposed epileptogenic and eloquent cortical areas, as defined by electrocorticography (ECoG), using a DIOSI system. These LFOs were classified into multiple groups in accordance with their unique temporal profiles. Causal relationships within these groups were investigated using the Granger causality method, and 83% of the ECoG-defined epileptogenic cortical areas were found to have a directed influence on one or more cortical areas showing LFOs within the field of view of the imaging system. To understand the physiological origins of LFOs, blood vessel density was compared between epileptogenic and normal cortical areas and a statistically-significant difference (p < 0.05) was detected. The differences in blood-volume and blood-oxygenation dynamics between eloquent and epileptogenic cortices were also uncovered using a stochastic modeling approach. This, in turn, yielded a means by which to separate epileptogenic from eloquent cortex using hemodynamic LFOs. The proposed methodology detects epileptogenic cortices by exploiting the effective connectivity that exists within cortical regions displaying LFOs and the biophysical features contributed by the altered vessel networks within the epileptogenic cortex. It could be used in conjunction with existing technologies for epileptogenic/eloquent cortex localization and thereby facilitate clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchen Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2600, Miami, FL 33174, United States
| | - Jorge J Riera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2600, Miami, FL 33174, United States
| | - Sanjiv Bhatia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, 3100 SW 62nd Ave, Miami, FL 33155, United States
| | - John Ragheb
- Division of Neurosurgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, 3100 SW 62nd Ave, Miami, FL 33155, United States
| | - Claudia Garcia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, 3100 SW 62nd Ave, Miami, FL 33155, United States
| | - Alexander G Weil
- Division of Neurosurgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, 3100 SW 62nd Ave, Miami, FL 33155, United States
| | - Prasanna Jayakar
- Division of Neurosurgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, 3100 SW 62nd Ave, Miami, FL 33155, United States
| | - Wei-Chiang Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2600, Miami, FL 33174, United States.
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Garali I, Adel M, Bourennane S, Ceccaldi M, Guedj E. Brain region of interest selection for 18FDG positrons emission tomography computer-aided image classification. Ing Rech Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Risk Factors for Emergency Department Short Time Readmission in Stratified Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:685067. [PMID: 26682222 PMCID: PMC4664798 DOI: 10.1155/2015/685067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background. Emergency department (ED) readmissions are considered an indicator of healthcare quality that is particularly relevant in older adults. The primary objective of this study was to identify key factors for predicting patients returning to the ED within 30 days of being discharged. Methods. We analysed patients who attended our ED in June 2014, stratified into four groups based on the Kaiser pyramid. We collected data on more than 100 variables per case including demographic and clinical characteristics and drug treatments. We identified the variables with the highest discriminating power to predict ED readmission and constructed classifiers using machine learning methods to provide predictions. Results. Classifier performance distinguishing between patients who were and were not readmitted (within 30 days), in terms of average accuracy (AC). The variables with the greatest discriminating power were age, comorbidity, reasons for consultation, social factors, and drug treatments. Conclusions. It is possible to predict readmissions in stratified groups with high accuracy and to identify the most important factors influencing the event. Therefore, it will be possible to develop interventions to improve the quality of care provided to ED patients.
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Yang Y, Sun H, Liu T, Huang GB, Sourina O. Driver Workload Detection in On-Road Driving Environment Using Machine Learning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14066-7_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Sampedro F, Escalera S, Domenech A, Carrio I. A computational framework for cancer response assessment based on oncological PET-CT scans. Comput Biol Med 2014; 55:92-9. [PMID: 25450224 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present a comprehensive computational framework to help in the clinical assessment of cancer response from a pair of time consecutive oncological PET-CT scans. In this scenario, the design and implementation of a supervised machine learning system to predict and quantify cancer progression or response conditions by introducing a novel feature set that models the underlying clinical context is described. Performance results in 100 clinical cases (corresponding to 200 whole body PET-CT scans) in comparing expert-based visual analysis and classifier decision making show up to 70% accuracy within a completely automatic pipeline and 90% accuracy when providing the system with expert-guided PET tumor segmentation masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Sampedro
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sergio Escalera
- Computer Vision Center, Campus UAB, Edifici O, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Dept. Matemàtica Aplicada i Anàlisi, Universitat de Barcelona, Gran Via de les Corts 585, 08007, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Domenech
- Hospital de Sant Pau, Nuclear Medicine Department, 89 Carrer Sant Quintí, 08026 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ignasi Carrio
- Hospital de Sant Pau, Nuclear Medicine Department, 89 Carrer Sant Quintí, 08026 Barcelona, Spain
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Martinez-Murcia FJ, Górriz JM, Ramírez J, Moreno-Caballero M, Gómez-Río M. Parametrization of textural patterns in 123I-ioflupane imaging for the automatic detection of Parkinsonism. Med Phys 2014; 41:012502. [PMID: 24387526 DOI: 10.1118/1.4845115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A novel approach to a computer aided diagnosis system for the Parkinson's disease is proposed. This tool is intended as a supporting tool for physicians, based on fully automated methods that lead to the classification of (123)I-ioflupane SPECT images. METHODS (123)I-ioflupane images from three different databases are used to train the system. The images are intensity and spatially normalized, then subimages are extracted and a 3D gray-level co-occurrence matrix is computed over these subimages, allowing the characterization of the texture using Haralick texture features. Finally, different discrimination estimation methods are used to select a feature vector that can be used to train and test the classifier. RESULTS Using the leave-one-out cross-validation technique over these three databases, the system achieves results up to a 97.4% of accuracy, and 99.1% of sensitivity, with positive likelihood ratios over 27. CONCLUSIONS The system presents a robust feature extraction method that helps physicians in the diagnosis task by providing objective, operator-independent textural information about (123)I-ioflupane images, commonly used in the diagnosis of the Parkinson's disease. Textural features computation has been optimized by using a subimage selection algorithm, and the discrimination estimation methods used here makes the system feature-independent, allowing us to extend it to other databases and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Martinez-Murcia
- Signal Processing and Biomedical Applications Research Group, Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - J M Górriz
- Signal Processing and Biomedical Applications Research Group, Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - J Ramírez
- Signal Processing and Biomedical Applications Research Group, Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - M Moreno-Caballero
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - M Gómez-Río
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, Granada 18071, Spain
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PSO-based support vector machine with cuckoo search technique for clinical disease diagnoses. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:548483. [PMID: 24971382 PMCID: PMC4058169 DOI: 10.1155/2014/548483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease diagnosis is conducted with a machine learning method. We have proposed a novel machine learning method that hybridizes support vector machine (SVM), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and cuckoo search (CS). The new method consists of two stages: firstly, a CS based approach for parameter optimization of SVM is developed to find the better initial parameters of kernel function, and then PSO is applied to continue SVM training and find the best parameters of SVM. Experimental results indicate that the proposed CS-PSO-SVM model achieves better classification accuracy and F-measure than PSO-SVM and GA-SVM. Therefore, we can conclude that our proposed method is very efficient compared to the previously reported algorithms.
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Ortiz A, Gorriz J, Ramirez J, Salas-Gonzalez D. Improving MR brain image segmentation using self-organising maps and entropy-gradient clustering. Inf Sci (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Martínez-Murcia F, Górriz J, Ramírez J, Illán I, Ortiz A. Automatic detection of Parkinsonism using significance measures and component analysis in DaTSCAN imaging. Neurocomputing 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2013.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Functional brain image classification using association rules defined over discriminant regions. Pattern Recognit Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Savio A, García-Sebastián M, Chyzyk D, Hernandez C, Graña M, Sistiaga A, López de Munain A, Villanúa J. Neurocognitive disorder detection based on feature vectors extracted from VBM analysis of structural MRI. Comput Biol Med 2011; 41:600-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Górriz J, Segovia F, Ramírez J, Lassl A, Salas-Gonzalez D. GMM based SPECT image classification for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Appl Soft Comput 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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López M, Ramírez J, Górriz J, Álvarez I, Salas-Gonzalez D, Segovia F, Chaves R, Padilla P, Gómez-Río M. Principal component analysis-based techniques and supervised classification schemes for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease. Neurocomputing 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2010.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Illán I, Górriz J, López M, Ramírez J, Salas-Gonzalez D, Segovia F, Chaves R, Puntonet C. Computer aided diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease using component based SVM. Appl Soft Comput 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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