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Kasano JPM, Crespo HFG, Arias RAR, Alamo I. Genitourinary syndrome in menopause: Impact of vaginal symptoms. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 20:38-45. [PMID: 36908063 PMCID: PMC10013085 DOI: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2023.50449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the impact of genitourinary syndrome symptoms on daily activities and well-being in peri- and postmenopausal women living in an urban area. Materials and Methods Observational, prospective, and cross-sectional research in a population of peri- and postmenopausal women living in the Lima region. A non-probabilistic sample was used. The instrument used is "The Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging" questionnaire. It consists of four domains and its internal reliability is between 0.82 and 0.93. The questions were answered using a Likert scale. High values indicate a more severe impact. Statistical procedures were performed using SPSS version 26. Results One thousand seventy women participated; the mean age was 54±7.5 years. The results about the activities of daily living showed that 35% of women reported regular vaginal symptoms and 14.7% major symptoms. In the emotional well-being domain, 90% had minor symptoms. In the sexual function domain, 57.6% reported minor vaginal symptoms, and in the self-concept and body image domain, 60.9% reported minor symptoms and 20.7% major symptoms. According to the global score, 60.9% reported minor discomfort, 36.3% regular discomfort, and 2.8% major discomfort. The sexually active women declared an impact of severity in terms of their daily activities and sexual function (p<0.05). Conclusion There is a relationship between activities of daily living, sexual function, and women with sexual activity, causing a negative impact on social life and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pedro Matzumura Kasano
- Department of Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Hugo F Gutiérrez Crespo
- Department of Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Isabel Alamo
- Department of Health Services Management, Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Ricardo Palma, Santiago de Surco, Peru
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Breuer S, Scherndl T, Ortner TM. Find the Mistake! JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Reasoning ability has commonly been regarded as the best predictor of academic and occupational success. Due to concerns about the validity of multiple-choice (MC) formats, test security breaches, and the fact that the difficulty levels of most existing reasoning assessments target the population mean, there is a constant need for new reliable and valid test instruments that can be applied to assess fluid intelligence in advanced cognitive performance areas. We developed a novel computerized figural matrices test to assess nonverbal reasoning for university student aptitude assessment. In two studies, we generated, revised, and empirically validated the Isometric Matrices Test (IMT). Our results show that the IMT is less prone to test-wiseness strategies than existing reasoning tests. In a third study, we created and evaluated an innovative Find the Mistake (FtM) response format as an alternative to classical multiple-choice formats. Overall, both response formats revealed satisfactory psychometric quality in terms of item difficulties and discrimination, test-retest reliability, construct and criterion validity, and Rasch or two-parameter logistic (2PL) model fit, but in one MC version, the internal consistency was low due to negative discrimination indices. The MC response format turned out to be easier than the FtM format, with men slightly outperforming women in both response modes. We propose the IMT as a useful tool for assessing nonverbal reasoning ability in above-average performance areas and discuss the automatic generation of larger IMT item pools for adaptive testing in order to increase test security and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Breuer
- Division of Psychological Assessment, Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Scherndl
- Division of Psychological Assessment, Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tuulia M. Ortner
- Division of Psychological Assessment, Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
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Niall KK. ‘Mental rotation’ in depth as the superficial correlation of pictures. METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.metip.2020.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Waschl N, Burns NR. Sex differences in inductive reasoning: A research synthesis using meta-analytic techniques. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Helmlinger B, Sommer M, Feldhammer-Kahr M, Wood G, Arendasy ME, Kober SE. Programming experience associated with neural efficiency during figural reasoning. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13351. [PMID: 32770065 PMCID: PMC7415147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated neural processes underlying programming experience. Individuals with high programming experience might develop a form of computational thinking, which they can apply on complex problem-solving tasks such as reasoning tests. Therefore, N = 20 healthy young participants with previous programming experience and N = 21 participants without any programming experience performed three reasoning tests: Figural Inductive Reasoning (FIR), Numerical Inductive Reasoning (NIR), Verbal Deductive Reasoning (VDR). Using multi-channel EEG measurements, task-related changes in alpha and theta power as well as brain connectivity were investigated. Group differences were only observed in the FIR task. Programmers showed an improved performance in the FIR task as compared to non-programmers. Additionally, programmers exhibited a more efficient neural processing when solving FIR tasks, as indicated by lower brain activation and brain connectivity especially in easy tasks. Hence, behavioral and neural measures differed between groups only in tasks that are similar to mental processes required during programming, such as pattern recognition and algorithmic thinking by applying complex rules (FIR), rather than in tasks that require more the application of mathematical operations (NIR) or verbal tasks (VDR). Our results provide new evidence for neural efficiency in individuals with higher programming experience in problem-solving tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Helmlinger
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Sommer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Guilherme Wood
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin E Arendasy
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia E Kober
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Waschl NA, Nettelbeck T, Burns NR. The Role of Visuospatial Ability in the Raven’s Progressive Matrices. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Debate surrounding the role of visuospatial ability in performance on the Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM) has existed since their conception. This issue has yet to be adequately resolved, and may have implications regarding sex differences in scores. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between RPM performance, visuospatial ability and fluid ability, and any sex differences in these relationships. Data were obtained from three samples: two University samples completed the Advanced RPM and one population-based sample of men completed the Standard RPM. All samples additionally completed an alternative measure of fluid ability, and one or more measures of visuospatial ability. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships between performance on the visuospatial and fluid ability tests and performance on the RPM. Visuospatial ability was found to significantly contribute to performance on the RPM, over and above fluid ability, supporting the contention that visuospatial ability is involved in RPM performance. No sex differences were found in this relationship, although sex differences in visuospatial ability may explain sex differences in RPM scores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ted Nettelbeck
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Arendasy ME, Sommer M. Reducing the effect size of the retest effect: Examining different approaches. INTELLIGENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dunst B, Benedek M, Jauk E, Bergner S, Koschutnig K, Sommer M, Ischebeck A, Spinath B, Arendasy M, Bühner M, Freudenthaler H, Neubauer AC. Neural efficiency as a function of task demands. INTELLIGENCE 2014; 42:22-30. [PMID: 24489416 PMCID: PMC3907682 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The neural efficiency hypothesis describes the phenomenon that brighter individuals show lower brain activation than less bright individuals when working on the same cognitive tasks. The present study investigated whether the brain activation-intelligence relationship still applies when more versus less intelligent individuals perform tasks with a comparable person-specific task difficulty. In an fMRI-study, 58 persons with lower (n = 28) or respectively higher (n = 30) intelligence worked on simple and difficult inductive reasoning tasks having the same person-specific task difficulty. Consequently, less bright individuals received sample-based easy and medium tasks, whereas bright subjects received sample-based medium and difficult tasks. This design also allowed a comparison of lower versus higher intelligent individuals when working on the same tasks (i.e. sample-based medium task difficulty). In line with expectations, differences in task performance and in brain activation were only found for the subset of tasks with the same sample-based task difficulty, but not when comparing tasks with the same person-specific task difficulty. These results suggest that neural efficiency reflects an (ability-dependent) adaption of brain activation to the respective task demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Dunst
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Emanuel Jauk
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Bergner
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
- Department of Leadership and Entrepreneurship, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Markus Sommer
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Birgit Spinath
- Department of Psychology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Bühner
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
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Arendasy ME, Sommer M. Reducing response elimination strategies enhances the construct validity of figural matrices. INTELLIGENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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