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Immunomodulatory potential of polysaccharides derived from plants and microbes: A narrative review. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Yin Z, Yang B, Ren H. Preventive and Therapeutic Effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) on Skin Diseases and Care. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1182:311-321. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9421-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hseu YC, Shen YC, Kao MC, Mathew DC, Karuppaiya P, Li ML, Yang HL. Ganoderma tsugae induced ROS-independent apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 124:30-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Impacts of allergic airway inflammation on lung pathology in a mouse model of influenza A virus infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173008. [PMID: 28245238 PMCID: PMC5330494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus is the respiratory pathogen responsible for influenza. Infection by the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus caused severe lower airway inflammation and pneumonia. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that affects the entire brachial tree, and was one of the commonest underlying medical conditions among patients hospitalized with the 2009 pandemic influenza virus infection. Although respiratory virus infections are the major causes of asthma exacerbation, the mechanism by which influenza exacerbates asthma is poorly understood. Animal models of disease comorbidity are crucial to understanding host-pathogen interactions and elucidating complex pathologies. Existing murine models of influenza virus infection in asthmatics show that asthmatic mice are highly resistant to influenza virus infection, which contradicts clinical observations in humans. Here, we developed a murine model of influenza virus/asthma comorbidity using NC/Nga mice, which are highly sensitive to allergic reactions such as atopic dermatitis and allergic airway inflammation. This model was then used to examine the impact of allergic airway inflammation on lung pathology in the 2009 pandemic influenza virus infected mice. The results showed that induction of acute allergic airway inflammation in pre-existing influenza virus infection had additive effects on exacerbation of lung pathology, which mirrors findings in human epidemiological studies. In contrast, pre-existing allergic airway inflammation protected from subsequent influenza virus infection, which was compatible with those of previous murine models of influenza virus infection in asthmatic mice. These variable outcomes of this murine model indicate that the temporal relation between allergic airway inflammation and influenza virus infection might play a critical role in asthma and influenza comorbidity. Thus, this murine model will further our understanding of how influenza virus infection affects an asthmatic host and may aid the development of strategies to improve treatments and outcomes for asthmatics harboring influenza virus infection.
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Nishino R, Fukuyama T, Watanabe Y, Kurosawa Y, Koasaka T, Harada T. Detection of respiratory allergies caused by environmental chemical allergen via measures of hyper-activation and degranulation of mast cells in lungs of NC/Nga mice. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:676-85. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2016.1154904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuko Watanabe
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Ibaraki, Japan
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Johnathan M, Gan SH, Ezumi MFW, Faezahtul AH, Nurul AA. Phytochemical profiles and inhibitory effects of Tiger Milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerus) extract on ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a rodent model of asthma. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:167. [PMID: 27255587 PMCID: PMC4891846 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Lignosus rhinocerus (L. rhinocerus), which is known locally as Tiger Milk mushroom, is traditionally used in the treatment of asthma by indigenous communities in Malaysia. However, to date, its efficacy on asthma has not been confirmed by scientific studies and there is also sparse information available on its active constituents. In this study, the volatile constituent of L. rhinocerus hot water extract was investigated using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The potential effects of L. rhinocerus extract for anti-asthmatic activity was further investigated on ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized asthmatic Sprague Dawley rats. Methods Sequential extraction using five solvents (petroleum ether, diethyl ether, hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) was conducted prior to GC-MS analysis. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups of five animals each: 1) normal rats, 2) sensitization plus OVA-challenged rats 3) sensitization plus OVA-challenged with L. rhinocerus treatment and 4) sensitization plus OVA-challenged with dexamethasone treatment. The levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the serum and T-helper 2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as eosinophil infiltration in the lungs, were investigated. Results GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of five main groups (alkane, fatty acids, benzene, phenol and dicarboxylic acid) with a total of 18 constituents. Linoleic acid (21.35 %), octadecane (11.82 %) and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl elaidate (10.47 %) were present in high amounts. The extract significantly ameliorated the increase in total IgE in serum and IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels in BALF and also effectively suppressed eosinophils numbers in BALF while attenuating eosinophil infiltrations in the lungs. Conclusion L. rhinocerus hot water extract has the potential to be used as an alternative for the treatment of acute asthma.
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Ku CM, Lin JY. Farnesol, a sesquiterpene alcohol in essential oils, ameliorates serum allergic antibody titres and lipid profiles in ovalbumin-challenged mice. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2016; 44:149-59. [PMID: 26318416 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farnesol, a natural sesquiterpene alcohol in essential oils, was found to have potential for alleviating massive inflammation, oxidative stress and lung injury. However, effects of farnesol supplementation on allergic asthma remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To clarify the puzzle, this work investigates the effects of farnesol on allergic asthma using an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitised and challenged mouse model. METHODS Farnesol was administered to OVA-sensitised and challenged mice for 5 weeks. Three farnesol doses, namely 5, 25 and 100mg farnesol/kg BW/day, non-sensitised control, dietary control, and positive control (dexamethasone 3mg/kg BW by gavage) were included. Sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from the experimental mice were collected to measure farnesol concentrations, serum lipid profiles, antibody titres, differential cell counts or Th1/Th2 cytokines levels. RESULTS The results showed that farnesol supplementation increased serum farnesol concentration dose-dependently, significantly increased (P<0.05) OVA-specific IgG2a/IgE antibody titre ratios, but decreased total IgE levels. Farnesol supplementation markedly reversed the aberrated LDL-c/HDL-c and HDL-c/TC ratios in the sera of asthmatic mice, suggesting that farnesol supplementation might ameliorate serum lipid profiles in the OVA-sensitised and challenged mice. CONCLUSION Our results evidenced that farnesol supplementation might improve serum allergic antibody titres and lipid profiles in asthmatic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-M Ku
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - J-Y Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
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Ethanol Extract of Perilla frutescens Suppresses Allergen-Specific Th2 Responses and Alleviates Airway Inflammation and Hyperreactivity in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Murine Model of Asthma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:324265. [PMID: 26064160 PMCID: PMC4429230 DOI: 10.1155/2015/324265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of different fractions of Perilla frutescens (Pf)
leaves extracted by water or ethanol on asthma. BALB/c mice sensitized intraperitoneally and
challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) were divided into six groups. Each group of mice was
tube-feeding with 0 (control), 80 μg (PfWL), or 320 μg (PfWH) water extracts or 80 μg
(PfEL) or 320 μg (PfEH) ethanol extracts of perilla leaves daily for 3 weeks. A negative
control group (PBS) was neither sensitized nor treated with Pf. The effects of perilla leave
extracts on allergic immune response were evaluated. The results showed that OVA-specific
IL-5 and IL-13 secretions from OVA-stimulated splenocytes were significantly suppressed in
the ethanol extract groups PfEL and PfEH. Serum level of anti-OVA IgE tended to be lower in
the PfEH group. The inflammatory mediators, such as eotaxin and histamine, and total cells,
particularly eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), were also decreased in the
PfEL and the PfEH groups. Therefore, the PfEL and the PfEH groups had significantly lower
methacholine-induced hyperresponsiveness (AHR). In conclusion, ethanol extracts, rather than
water extract, of perilla leaves could significantly suppress Th2 responses and airway
inflammation in allergic murine model of asthma.
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Triterpenoids and Polysaccharide Fractions of Ganoderma tsugae Exert Different Effects on Antiallergic Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:754836. [PMID: 25960757 PMCID: PMC4417579 DOI: 10.1155/2015/754836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate antiallergic effects of triterpenoids (Gt-TRE) and polysaccharide (Gt-PS) extracts from Ganoderma tsugae, using mast cell line RBL-2H3, T cell line EL4, primary T cells, and transfected RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The results showed that histamine secreted from activated RBL-2H3 mast cells was significantly suppressed by Gt-TRE but not Gt-PS. Interleukin- (IL-) 4 secreted from activated EL4 cells was significantly suppressed by Gt-TRE but not Gt-PS. Further primary CD4+ T cells cultures also confirmed that Gt-TRE (5 ~ 50 µg/mL) significantly suppressed Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 secretions but had no effect on Th1 cytokines IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ. Gt-PS did not affect IL-4 and IL-5 secretions until higher doses (400, 500 µg/mL) and significantly suppressed IFNγ secretions but enhanced IL-2 at these high doses. The reporter gene assay indicated that Gt-TRE inhibited but Gt-PS enhanced the transcriptional activity of NF-κB in activated transfected RAW264.7 cells and transfected EL4 cells. IL-4 secreted by this transfected EL-4 cells was also significantly decreased by Gt-TRE but not by Gt-PS, suggesting that these two fractions may exert different effects on NF-κB related cytokines expression. These data suggested that triterpenoids fraction of Ganoderma tsugae might be the main constituents to alleviate allergic asthma.
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Farnesol, a sesquiterpene alcohol in herbal plants, exerts anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects on ovalbumin-sensitized and -challenged asthmatic mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:387357. [PMID: 25960750 PMCID: PMC4417576 DOI: 10.1155/2015/387357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of farnesol on allergic asthma, three farnesol doses were extra-added into AIN-76 feed consumed by ovalbumin- (OVA-) sensitized and -challenged mice continuously for 5 weeks, at approximately 5, 25, and 100 mg farnesol/kg, BW/day. The results showed that there were no significant differences in body weight, feed intake, and visceral organ weights between the farnesol supplementation and dietary control groups. Farnesol supplementation decreased interleukin (IL)-6/IL-10 level ratios in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Farnesol supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) restored the cytokine secretion ability of peritoneal macrophages that was suppressed as a result of OVA sensitization and challenge and slightly decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)/IL-10 cytokine secretion ratios. Farnesol supplementation slightly (P > 0.05) decreased IL-4 but significantly (P < 0.05) increased IL-2 levels secreted by the splenocytes in the presence of OVA, implying that farnesol might have a systemic antiallergic effect on allergic asthmatic mice. Farnesol supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) increased IL-10 levels secreted by the splenocytes in the presence of OVA, suggesting that farnesol might have an anti-inflammatory potential to allergic asthmatic mice. Overall, our results suggest that farnesol supplementation may be beneficial to improve the Th2-skewed allergic asthmatic inflammation.
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Nishino R, Fukuyama T, Watanabe Y, Kurosawa Y, Ueda H, Kosaka T. Effect of mouse strain in a model of chemical-induced respiratory allergy. Exp Anim 2014; 63:435-45. [PMID: 25048268 PMCID: PMC4244292 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhalation of many types of chemicals is a leading cause of allergic respiratory
diseases, and effective protocols are needed for the detection of environmental
chemical–related respiratory allergies. In our previous studies, we developed a method for
detecting environmental chemical–related respiratory allergens by using a long-term
sensitization–challenge protocol involving BALB/c mice. In the current study, we sought to
improve our model by characterizing strain-associated differences in respiratory allergic
reactions to the well-known chemical respiratory allergen glutaraldehyde (GA). According
to our protocol, BALB/c, NC/Nga, C3H/HeN, C57BL/6N, and CBA/J mice were sensitized
dermally with GA for 3 weeks and then challenged with intratracheal or inhaled GA at 2
weeks after the last sensitization. The day after the final challenge, all mice were
euthanized, and total serum IgE levels were assayed. In addition, immunocyte counts,
cytokine production, and chemokine levels in the hilar lymph nodes (LNs) and
bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were also assessed. In conclusion, BALB/c and NC/Nga
mice demonstrated markedly increased IgE reactions. Inflammatory cell counts in BALF were
increased in the treated groups of all strains, especially BALB/c, NC/Nga, and CBA/J
strains. Cytokine levels in LNs were increased in all treated groups except for C3H/HeN
and were particularly high in BALB/c and NC/Nga mice. According to our results, we suggest
that BALB/c and NC/Nga are highly susceptible to respiratory allergic responses and
therefore are good candidates for use in our model for detecting environmental chemical
respiratory allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Nishino
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi 4321, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
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Fukuyama T, Nishino R, Kosaka T, Watanabe Y, Kurosawa Y, Ueda H, Harada T. Effects of prior oral exposure to combinations of environmental immunosuppressive agents on ovalbumin allergen-induced allergic airway inflammation in Balb/c mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 36:261-70. [PMID: 24935097 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.926915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Humans are exposed daily to multiple environmental chemicals in the atmosphere, in food, and in commercial products. Therefore, hazard identification and risk management must account for exposure to chemical mixtures. The objective of the study reported here was to investigate the effects of combinations of three well-known environmental immunotoxic chemicals - methoxychlor (MXC), an organochlorine compound; parathion (PARA), an organophosphate compound; and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), an agricultural insecticide synergist - by using a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation. Four-week-old Balb/c mice were exposed orally to either one or two of the environmental immunotoxic chemicals for five consecutive days, prior to intraperitoneal sensitization with OVA and an inhalation challenge. We assessed IgE levels in serum, B-cell counts, and cytokine production in hilar lymph nodes, and differential cell counts and levels of related chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Mice treated with MXC + PARA or PBO + MXC showed marked increases in serum IgE, IgE-positive B-cells and cytokines in lymph nodes, and differential cell counts and related chemokines in BALF compared with mice that received the vehicle control or the corresponding individual test substances. These results suggest that simultaneous exposure to multiple environmental chemicals aggravates allergic airway inflammation more than exposure to individual chemicals. It is expected that the results of this study will help others in their evaluation of immunotoxic combinational effects when conducting assessments of the safety of environmental/occupational chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Fukuyama
- Toxicology Division, Institute of Environmental Toxicology , Ibaraki , Japan
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Pi CC, Wang HY, Lu CY, Lu FL, Chen CJ. Ganoderma formosanum polysaccharides attenuate Th2 inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of allergic asthma. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:297. [PMID: 25019045 PMCID: PMC4072879 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways mediated by Th2 immune responses and characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Fungi of the genus Ganoderma are basidiomycetes that have been used in traditional Asian medicine for centuries. We recently found that PS-F2, a polysaccharide fraction purified from the submerged culture broth of Ganoderma formosanum, stimulates the activation of dendritic cells and primes a T helper 1 (Th1)-polarized adaptive immune response. This study was designed to investigate whether the Th1 adjuvant properties of PS-F2 could suppress the development of allergic asthma in a mouse model. BALB/c mice were sensitized by repeated immunization with chicken ovalbumin (OVA) and alum, followed by intranasal challenge of OVA to induce acute asthma. PS-F2 administration during the course of OVA sensitization and challenge effectively prevented AHR development, OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 production, bronchial inflammation, and Th2 cytokine production. Our data indicate that PS-F2 has a potential to be used for the prevention of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Pi
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Wang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ying Lu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Frank Leigh Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10041 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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NISHINO R, FUKUYAMA T, WATANABE Y, KUROSAWA Y, UEDA H, KOSAKA T. Effect of Mouse Strain in a Model of Chemical-induced Respiratory Allergy. Exp Anim 2014. [DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Risako NISHINO
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi 4321, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Tomoki FUKUYAMA
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi 4321, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Yuko WATANABE
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi 4321, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshimi KUROSAWA
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi 4321, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Hideo UEDA
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi 4321, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Tadashi KOSAKA
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi 4321, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
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Kuok QY, Yeh CY, Su BC, Hsu PL, Ni H, Liu MY, Mo FE. The triterpenoids of Ganoderma tsugae
prevent stress-induced myocardial injury in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1892-6. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yu Kuok
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Yeh
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Bor-Chyuan Su
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Hao Ni
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yie Liu
- Environmental and Occupational Health; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Fan-E Mo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
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Nishino R, Fukuyama T, Tajima Y, Miyashita L, Watanabe Y, Ueda H, Kosaka T. Prior oral exposure to environmental immunosuppressive chemicals methoxychlor, parathion, or piperonyl butoxide aggravates allergic airway inflammation in NC/Nga mice. Toxicology 2013; 309:1-8. [PMID: 23583882 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive environmental chemicals may increase the potency of allergens and thereby play a role in the development of respiratory tract allergies, such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between environmental immunosuppressive chemicals and the allergic airway inflammation development. METHODS We used a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation. NC/Nga mice were exposed orally to pesticides parathion (an organophosphate compound) or methoxychlor (an organochlorine compound), or to an insecticide synergist piperonyl butoxide, prior to OVA intraperitoneal sensitization and inhalation challenge. We assessed serum IgE levels, B-cell counts, cytokine production, IgE production in hilar lymph nodes, eosinophil counts, chemokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and cytokine gene expression in the lung. RESULTS Exposure to environmental immunosuppressive chemicals markedly increased serum IgE - IgE-positive B-cells, IgE and cytokines in lymph nodes - eosinophils and chemokines in BALF - IL-10a and IL-17 in the lung. CONCLUSIONS Allergic airway inflammation can be aggravated by prior exposure to immunosuppressive environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nishino
- Laboratory of Immunotoxicology and Acute Toxicology, Toxicology Division, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Uchimoriya-machi 4321, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
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Ruthes AC, Carbonero ER, Córdova MM, Baggio CH, Santos ARS, Sassaki GL, Cipriani TR, Gorin PAJ, Iacomini M. Lactarius rufus (1→3),(1→6)-β-D-glucans: structure, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:129-36. [PMID: 23544521 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal health benefits uses of edible as well as non-edible mushrooms have been long recognized. The pharmacological potential of mushrooms, especially antitumor, immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory activities has been documented. Wild ectomycorrhizal mushroom, Lactarius rufus had the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potential of their polysaccharides evaluated using the formalin model. Two structurally different (1→3),(1→6)-linked β-D-glucans were isolated from fruiting bodies. Soluble (FSHW) β-D-glucan 1-30 mg kg(-1) produced potent inhibition of inflammatory pain caused by formalin when compared with the insoluble one (IHW), suggesting that solubility and/or branching degree could alter the activity of β-glucans. Their structures were determined using mono- and bi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and controlled Smith degradation. They were β-D-glucans, with a main chain of (1→3)-linked Glcp residues, substituted at O-6 by single-unit Glcp side chains (IHW), on average to every fourth residue of the backbone, or by mono- and few oligosaccharide side chains for soluble β-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caroline Ruthes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19046, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Mourão F, Umeo SH, Bertéli MBD, Lourenço EL, Junior AG, Takemura OS, Linde GA, Colauto NB. Anti-inflammatory activity ofAgaricus blazeiin different basidiocarp maturation phases. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2011.581272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Mahajan SG, Mali RG, Mehta AA. Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. seed extract on toluene diisocyanate-induced immune-mediated inflammatory responses in rats. J Immunotoxicol 2009; 4:85-96. [PMID: 18958717 DOI: 10.1080/15476910701337472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. is a small tree cultivated throughout India. We have investigated the effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera (MOEE, an herbal remedy) on the potential prevention of immune-mediated inflammatory responses in toluene diisocyanate (TDI as antigen)-induced asthma in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into five different groups (n = 8/group): Group-I = unsensitized control; Group-II = TDI control/vehicle; Group-III = dexamethasone (DXM) 2.5 mg/kg; and, Groups IV and V = 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight [BW] of MOEE, respectively. All rats (except unsensitized controls) were sensitized by intranasal application of 10% TDI to induce airway hypersensitivity. Animals in Groups II-V were given their respective drug treatment per os from 1 wk prior to initiation of sensitization until the day of final provocation with 5% TDI. After this last challenge, all rats were examined for hyperreactivity symptoms and then sacrificed to determine their total and differential leucocytes in blood and bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid and levels of TNF proportional, variant, IL-4, and IL-6 in their BAL and serum. Homogenates of one lung lobe from each animal were utilized to assess oxidative stress; a separate lobe underwent histologic examination to assess airway inflammatory status. The results suggest that asthmatic symptoms were found in TDI control rats only, while both MOEE- and DXM-treated rats did not manifest any airway abnormality. In MOEE- and DXM-treated rats, neutrophil and eosinophil levels in the blood were decreased significantly; levels of total cells and each different cell in their BAL fluid were markedly decreased as compared to those in TDI controls. TNF alpha, IL-4, and IL-6 were predominant in serum as well as in BAL fluids in TDI controls, but these levels were reduced significantly by MOEE treatment. The antioxidant activity in relation to antiinflammatory activity of the extract and histopathological observations also reflected a protective effect. Based on the above findings and observations, it can be concluded that Moringa oleifera may possess some beneficial properties that act against chemically stimulated immune-mediated inflammatory responses that are characteristic of asthma in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja G Mahajan
- Department of Pharmacology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Mahajan SG, Mehta AA. Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. seed extract on ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in guinea pigs. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 20:897-909. [PMID: 18686107 DOI: 10.1080/08958370802027443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To determine the therapeutic potential of herbal medicine Moringa oleifera Lam. family: Moringaceae in the control of allergic diseases, the efficacy of the ethanolic extract of the seeds of the plant (MOEE) against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation in guinea pigs was examined. During the experimental period, the test drugs (MOEE or dexamethasone) were administered by oral route prior to challenge with aerosolized 0.5% OVA. Bronchoconstriction tests were performed and respiratory parameters (i.e., tidal volume and respiratory rate) were measured. At the end of experiment, blood was collected from each animal to perform total and differential counts and serum was used for assay of IL-4, IL-6, and TNFalpha. Lung lavage fluid (BAL) was collected for estimation of cellular content and cytokine levels. Lung tissue histamine assays were performed using the homogenate of one lobe from each animal; a separate lobe and the trachea were subjected to histopathology to measure the degree of any airway inflammation. The results suggest that in OVA-sensitized control animals that did not receive either drug, tidal volume (V(t)) was decreased, respiration rate (f) was increased, and both the total and differential cell counts in blood and BAL fluid were increased significantly. MOEE-treatment of sensitized hosts resulted in improvement in all parameters except BAL TNFalpha and IL-4. Moreover, MOEE-treatment also showed protection against acetylcholine-induced broncho-constriction and airway inflammation which was confirmed by histological observations. The results of these studies confirm the traditional claim for the usefulness of this herb in the treatment of allergic disorders like asthma.
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Smiderle FR, Olsen LM, Carbonero ER, Baggio CH, Freitas CS, Marcon R, Santos AR, Gorin PA, Iacomini M. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in a rodent model of a (1→3),(1→6)-linked β-glucan isolated from Pleurotus pulmonarius. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 597:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Smiderle FR, Olsen LM, Carbonero ER, Marcon R, Baggio CH, Freitas CS, Santos ARS, Torri G, Gorin PAJ, Iacomini M. A 3-O-methylated mannogalactan from Pleurotus pulmonarius: structure and antinociceptive effect. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:2731-2736. [PMID: 18834999 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A polysaccharide (Mw 2.39x10(4)g/mol) was extracted with cold water from the basidiomycete Pleurotus pulmonarius, and its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated. It was a mannogalactan (MG), whose structure was characterized using mono- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and a controlled Smith degradation. It had a main chain of (1-->6)-linked alpha-D-galactopyranosyl and 3-O-methyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl units, both of which are partially substituted at O-2 by beta-D-mannopyranosyl non-reducing ends. The MG was tested for its effects on the acetic acid-induced writhing reaction in mice, a typical model for inflammatory pain, causing a marked and dose-dependent inhibition of the nociceptive response, with ID50 of 16.2 (14.7-17.7)mg/kg and inhibition of 93+/-3% at a dose of 30mg/kg. An inflammatory response was not inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Smiderle
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba PR, Brazil
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Borchers AT, Krishnamurthy A, Keen CL, Meyers FJ, Gershwin ME. The immunobiology of mushrooms. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:259-76. [PMID: 18296732 DOI: 10.3181/0708-mr-227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been enormous interest in the biologic activity of mushrooms and innumerable claims have been made that mushrooms have beneficial effects on immune function with subsequent implications for inhibition of tumor growth. The majority of these observations are anecdotal and often lack standardization. However, there remains considerable data on both in vitro and in vivo effects that reflect on the potential of mushroom compounds to influence human immunity. A number of these effects are beneficial but, unfortunately, many responses are still characterized based on phenomenology and there is more speculation than substance. With respect to tumor biology, although many neoplastic lesions are immunogenic, tumor antigens frequently are self antigens and induce tolerance and many patients with cancer exhibit suppressed immune responses, including defective antigen presentation. Therefore, if and when mushroom extracts are effective, they more likely function as a result of improved antigen presentation by dendritic cells than by a direct cytopathic effect. In this review we attempt to place these data in perspective, with a particular focus on dendritic cell populations and the ability of mushroom extracts to modulate immunity. There is, at present, no scientific basis for the use of either mushrooms or mushroom extracts in the treatment of human patients but there is significant potential for rigorous research to understand the potential of mushrooms in human disease and thence to focus on appropriate clinical trials to demonstrate effectiveness and/ or potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T Borchers
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 E. Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Hsiao YM, Huang YL, Tang SC, Shieh GJ, Lai JY, Wang PH, Ying TH, Ko JL. Effect of a fungal immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma tsugae on cell cycle and interferon-gamma production through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signal pathway. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lin JY, Tang CY. Total phenolic contents in selected fruit and vegetable juices exhibit a positive correlation with interferon-γ, interleukin-5, and interleukin-2 secretions using primary mouse splenocytes. J Food Compost Anal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chen ML, Lin BF. Effects of triterpenoid-rich extracts of Ganoderma tsugae on airway hyperreactivity and Th2 responses in vivo. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 143:21-30. [PMID: 17191006 DOI: 10.1159/000098222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway inflammation and Th2 responses play central roles in allergic asthma. We have previously reported that Ganoderma tsugae supplementation could attenuate airway inflammation in the murine model. Since it remains unclear which part of the G. tsugae exerts this effect on allergic asthma in vivo, this study was meant to investigate if triterpenoid extracts have anti-inflammatory effects on airway responses and regulatory effects on Th2 responses. METHODS BALB/c mice sensitized intraperitoneally and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) were treated with either triterpenoid-rich extracts (TRE) of G. tsugae or prednisolone for 2 weeks. The effects of TRE on bronchial airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, serum antigen-specific antibody levels, and cytokine secretions from splenocytes were evaluated. RESULTS TRE supplementation significantly decreased AHR and reduced the total infiltrating leukocytes and eosinophils, as well as the levels of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and eotaxin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid when compared with those of the control group. Lung histology also showed less cell recruitment and lung damage. TRE supplements suppressed IL-5 secretions from OVA-stimulated splenocytes, but did not affect the cell number of splenocytes, which was also reduced by prednisolone. Although OVA-specific immunoglobulin E levels were not significantly different among the groups, a lower level of OVA-specific immunoglobulin G1, another Th2-related antibody, was found in TRE and prednisolone treatment. CONCLUSIONS TRE of G. tsugae exert anti-inflammatory effects on airway responses and attenuate Th2 responses without the overall immunosuppression effects in allergic murine models of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaw-Ling Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Paterson RRM. Ganoderma - a therapeutic fungal biofactory. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:1985-2001. [PMID: 16905165 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 538] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 07/01/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma is a basidiomycete white rot fungus which has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries particularly in China, Japan and Korea. A great deal of work has been carried out on Ganoderma lucidum. The common names for preparations include Lingzhi, Munnertake, Sachitake, Reishi and Youngzhi. This review collates the publications detailing activities and compounds by representative species whilst considering the most valid claims of effectiveness. The biological activities reported of preparations from Ganoderma are remarkable and given most emphasis herein as distinct from structure/activity information. The metabolites consist of mainly polysaccharides and terpenoids. Many are activities against the major diseases of our time and so the present review is of great importance. The list of effects is huge ranging from anti-cancer to relieving blockages of the bladder. However, the reports have not all been tested scientifically with the convincing evidence is reserved for assays of pure compounds. It is a prime example of an ancient remedy being of great relevance to the modern era. There does appear to be an assumption that the therapeutic effects attributed to the fungus have been proven. The next step is to produce some effective medicines which may be hampered by problems of mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Russell M Paterson
- Micoteca da Universidade do Minho, Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Lin JY, Chen ML, Lin BF. Ganoderma tsugae in vivo modulates Th1/Th2 and macrophage responses in an allergic murine model. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:2025-32. [PMID: 16905232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that Ganoderma tsugae supplementation alleviates bronchoalveolar inflammation in an airway sensitization and challenge model with female BALB/c mice. However, the effects of G. tsugae supplementation in vivo on serum antibody levels, splenocyte and peritoneal microphage immune responses have not yet been determined. In this study, serum antibody levels, cytokines and splenocyte chemical mediators and peritoneal macrophage cultures from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged mice were examined after continuously consuming G. tsugae supplementation diets for 5 weeks. The results showed that OVA sensitization and challenge significantly (P<0.05) decreased the spontaneous production of IL-2 (Th1) cytokine, but significantly (P<0.05) increased spontaneous and OVA-stimulated IL-4 (Th2) production in splenocyte cultures from experimental mice. OVA administration significantly decreased both spontaneous and LPS/IFN-gamma-stimulated IL-1beta and IL-6 levels in peritoneal macrophage cultures from experimental mice. However, dietary supplementation with G. tsugae significantly increased spontaneous IL-2 level, but slightly decreased spontaneous IL-4 level in cultured splenocyte supernatants in the experimental groups. G. tsugae supplementation enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6 production in cultured peritoneal macrophages. However, the nitric oxide level from cultured peritoneal macrophages and serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG(2a) antibody levels was not significantly affected. These results suggest that OVA sensitization and challenge induced a Th2-skewed splenocyte response and decreased peritoneal macrophage cytokine secretion. G. tsugae supplementation in vivo modulated the Th1/Th2 balance and enhanced macrophage immune responses. However, the supplementation diet could not fully reverse the Th2-skewed responses to level of Th1-skewed responses.
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MESH Headings
- Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/diet therapy
- Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/immunology
- Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/pathology
- Animals
- Dietary Supplements
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Female
- Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/chemistry
- Ganoderma/chemistry
- Immunoglobulins/blood
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interleukins/biosynthesis
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/cytology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mycelium/chemistry
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Phytotherapy
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/drug effects
- Th2 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yuarn Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
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