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Duminuco A, Vetro C, Maugeri C, Mauro E, Palumbo GAM, Parisi MS, Esposito B, Giuliano G, Romano A, Di Raimondo F. Saprochete capitata: Emerging Infections from Uncommon Microorganisms in Hematological Diseases. Hematol Rep 2022; 14:67-72. [PMID: 35466175 PMCID: PMC9036236 DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep14020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections occurring in immunocompromised patients after intensive chemotherapy are often difficult to eradicate and are capable of even being fatal. New emergent and dangerous drug-resistant micro-organisms are likely to appear in these specific scenarios. Clinical features mainly include progressive pneumonia, bacteriemia/fungemia, or extrapulmonary dissemination among infections. The treatment of these microorganisms is still an open challenge since there is a lack of clear treatment guidelines. Indeed, infections from these microorganisms can lead to a rapidly fatal clinical course in immunocompromised patients, especially those who have acute leukemia. We describe the case of a young patient with acute myeloid leukemia who contracted an infection from Saprochaete capitata during post-chemotherapy aplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Duminuco
- Post Graduation School of Hematology, University of Catania, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-378-2981; Fax: +39-095-378-2982
| | - Calogero Vetro
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.V.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (M.S.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Cinzia Maugeri
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.V.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (M.S.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Elisa Mauro
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.V.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (M.S.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Giuseppe A. M. Palumbo
- Department of Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.A.M.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Marina S. Parisi
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.V.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (M.S.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Benedetta Esposito
- Post Graduation School of Hematology, University of Catania, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Giuliano
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Department of Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.A.M.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-San Marco”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.V.); (C.M.); (E.M.); (M.S.P.); (F.D.R.)
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Kim H, Lee H, Shin KS. Intestinal immunostimulatory activity of neutral polysaccharide isolated from traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2383-2390. [PMID: 27684966 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1217149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities were demonstrated for polysaccharides (KBV-CP) isolated from Korean brown rice vinegar. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that KBV-CP was composed mainly of neutral sugar units, primarily glucose and mannose. In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days induced the IgA production by Peyer's patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract. In addition, the production of IgA-related cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor was triggered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- a Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Kyonggi University , Suwon , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science , Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- a Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Kyonggi University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- a Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Kyonggi University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
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Lee MY, Kim H, Shin KS. In vitro and in vivo effects of polysaccharides isolated from Korean persimmon vinegar on intestinal immunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-015-0117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Merchand-Reyes G, Pavón L, Pérez-Sánchez G, Vázquez-Leyva S, Salinas-Jazmín N, Velasco-Velázquez M, Medina-Rivero E, Pérez-Tapia SM. Swine Dialyzable Spleen Extract as Antiviral Prophylaxis. J Med Food 2015; 18:1239-46. [PMID: 25867497 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the most highly consumed meat is of porcine origin. The production and distribution of swine meat are affected by diverse health matters, such as influenza and diarrhea, which cause head losses and require the use of antibiotics and other drugs in hog farms. To stimulate newborn piglet immune responses and increase resistance to infections, we developed a spray-drying technique to produce dried swine dialyzable spleen extract (sDSE), an immunomodulator. Based on the size-exclusion ultra performance liquid chromatography quantitative analysis, it was possible to recover up to 58% of the product after the drying process. The biological activity of orally administered dried sDSE increased mouse survival and induced cytokine production in a herpes infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Merchand-Reyes
- 1 Unit of R&D in Bioprocesses (UDIBI), National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute , Mexico City, Mexico .,2 Department of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry , "Ramón de la Fuente," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lenin Pavón
- 2 Department of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry , "Ramón de la Fuente," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- 1 Unit of R&D in Bioprocesses (UDIBI), National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute , Mexico City, Mexico .,2 Department of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry , "Ramón de la Fuente," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Said Vázquez-Leyva
- 1 Unit of R&D in Bioprocesses (UDIBI), National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nohemí Salinas-Jazmín
- 1 Unit of R&D in Bioprocesses (UDIBI), National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute , Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Emilio Medina-Rivero
- 1 Unit of R&D in Bioprocesses (UDIBI), National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- 1 Unit of R&D in Bioprocesses (UDIBI), National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute , Mexico City, Mexico .,4 Unit of Research, Development and Innovation in Medicine and Biotechnology/Transfer Factor Project (UDIMEB/PFT), National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute , Mexico City, Mexico
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Peyer’s patch-mediated intestinal immune system modulating activity of pectic-type polysaccharide from peel of Citrus unshiu. Food Chem 2013; 138:1079-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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HWANG JONGHYUN, YANG HYUNSEUK, RA KYUNGSOO, PARK SUNGSUN, YU KWANGWON. INTESTINAL IMMUNE SYSTEM-MODULATING ACTIVITY THROUGH PEYER'S PATCH OF FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDE PURIFIED FROMCITRUS UNSHIUPEEL. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lara HH, Turrent LI, Garza-Treviño EN, Tamez-Guerra R, Rodriguez-Padilla C. Clinical and immunological assessment in breast cancer patients receiving anticancer therapy and bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract as an adjuvant. Exp Ther Med 2010; 1:425-431. [PMID: 22993557 DOI: 10.3892/etm_00000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE) is one of the immunological agents used as an adjuvant in cancer therapy; it has been associated with improved quality of life during cancer chemotherapy. Based on these previous findings and on the observed clinical benefits attributed to DLE in other types of cancer, we investigated its clinical and immunological effects as a therapy adjuvant on breast cancer patients who received only chemotherapy, as compared to patients administered bovine DLE (bDLE) as an adjuvant. This study included 43 breast cancer patients who were about to begin chemotherapy. This group was divided as follows: 25 received chemotherapy and bDLE as an adjuvant therapy, and 18 received only chemotherapy without the adjuvant. All patient clinical and immunological responses were monitored. Among patients in the group that received bDLE as adjuvant, 60% showed a complete response, 32% showed a partial response and 8% did not respond. By contrast, in the group without the adjuvant, 39% showed a complete response, 50% displayed a partial response and 11% were non-responders. In addition, bDLE treatment in combination with chemotherapy resulted in the enhancement of the Karnofsky performance scale during chemotherapy. Even though patients underwent several cycles of chemotherapy without bDLE, the lymphocyte population dropped to below the reference value. On the other hand, in patients with bDLE as adjuvant, the CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes and the B lymphocytes were maintained within the median range of the reference value. The number of natural killer cells also increased after chemotherapy treatment with bDLE as an adjuvant. In conclusion, bDLE treatment contributes to significant immunological recovery in patients that have undergone heavy chemotherapy, increasing the clinical response and quality of life during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto H Lara
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Hofer M, Vacek A, Lojek A, Holá J, Streitová D. Ultrafiltered pig leukocyte extract (IMUNOR®) decreases nitric oxide formation and hematopoiesis-stimulating cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:1369-74. [PMID: 17673152 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A low-molecular-weight (<12 kDa) ultrafiltered pig leukocyte extract, IMUNOR, was tested in experiments in vitro on non-stimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages in order to assess modulation of nitric oxide (NO) production (measured indirectly as the concentration of nitrites), hematopoiesis-stimulating activity of the supernatant of the macrophage cells (ascertained by counting cell colonies growing from progenitor cells for granulocytes and macrophages (GM-CFC) in vitro), and the release of hematopoiesis-stimulating cytokines. No hematopoiesis-stimulating activity and cytokine or NO production were found in the supernatant of non-stimulated macrophages. It was found that IMUNOR does not influence this status. Supernatant of LPS-stimulated macrophages was characterized by hematopoiesis-stimulating activity, as well as by the presence of nitrites, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). A key role in the hematopoiesis-stimulating activity of the supernatant of LPS-stimulated macrophages could be ascribed to G-CSF since the formation of the colonies could be abrogated nearly completely by monoclonal antibodies against G-CSF. IMUNOR was found to suppress all the mentioned manifestations of the LPS-activated macrophages. When considering these results together with those from our previous in vivo study revealing stimulatory effects of IMUNOR on radiation-suppressed hematopoiesis, a hypothesis may be formulated which postulates a homeostatic role of IMUNOR, consisting in stimulation of impaired immune and hematopoietic systems but also in cutting back the production of proinflammatory mediators in cases of overstimulation which threats with undesirable consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hofer
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
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