1
|
Silva FG, Silva SR, Pereira AMF, Cerqueira JL, Conceição C. A Comprehensive Review of Bovine Colostrum Components and Selected Aspects Regarding Their Impact on Neonatal Calf Physiology. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1130. [PMID: 38612369 PMCID: PMC11010951 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colostrum contains macro- and micronutrients necessary to meet the nutritional and energy requirements of the neonatal calf, bioactive components that intervene in several physiological aspects, and cells and microorganisms that modulate the calf's immune system and gut microbiome. Colostrum is sometimes mistaken as transition milk, which, although more nutritive than whole milk, has a distinct biochemical composition. Furthermore, most research about colostrum quality and colostrum management focuses on the transfer of maternal IgG to the newborn calf. The remaining components of colostrum and transition milk have not received the same attention, despite their importance to the newborn animal. In this narrative review, a large body of literature on the components of bovine colostrum was reviewed. The variability of these components was summarized, emphasizing specific components that warrant deeper exploration. In addition, the effects of each component present in colostrum and transition milk on several key physiological aspects of the newborn calf are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flávio G. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Severiano R. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
| | - Alfredo M. F. Pereira
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Joaquim Lima Cerqueira
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Cristina Conceição
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Banasiak-Cieślar H, Wiener D, Kuszczyk M, Dobrzyńska K, Polanowski A. Proline-rich polypeptides (Colostrinin ®/COLOCO ®) modulate BDNF concentration in blood affecting cognitive function in adults: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1477-1485. [PMID: 36911821 PMCID: PMC10002942 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline-rich polypeptides (PRPs complex also known as COLOCO®, Colostrinin®) consist of low-molecular weight peptides ranging up to 10 kDa, isolated from the bovine colostrum obtained up to 48 h postpartum. PRPs have been shown to affect processes involved in inflammation, brain aging, and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Colostrinin® (COLOCO®) on the cognitive abilities of healthy volunteers in three different age groups using the CANTAB tool in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. BDNF serum level was used as a physicochemical marker of improvement of the cognitive skills. Three hundred and sixty-one healthy volunteers were divided into three study groups aged 18-24, 25-54, and 55-75; each group was then divided into two subgroups which took either placebo or tested lozenge with 120 μg of PRPs for the period of 4 months. The CANTAB battery test was used to measure the efficacy of PRP in the context of cognitive functioning. After the treatment with COLOCO®, we observed differences within MoCA score in the oldest patients, improvement in DMS and drop in PAL scores within the youngest group, drop in RTI and improvement in RVP scores within the middle-aged group. It was observed that serum BDNF level increased in all study groups which confirms cognitive improvement. In conclusion, we have shown that Colostrinin® exhibits cognitive enhancing effects, probably through the modulation of BDNF concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawid Wiener
- Department of Design (School of Form) SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities Warsaw Poland
| | | | | | - Antoni Polanowski
- Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Colostral Proline-Rich Polypeptide Complexes. Comparative Study of the Antioxidant Properties, Cytokine-Inducing Activity, and Nitric Oxide Release of Preparations Produced by a Laboratory and a Large-Scale Method. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Zabłocka A, Mitkiewicz M, Macała J, Janusz M. Neurotrophic Activity of Cultured Cell Line U87 is Up-Regulated by Proline-Rich Polypeptide Complex and Its Constituent Nonapeptide. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:977-86. [PMID: 25841889 PMCID: PMC4572042 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, as well as cytokines, for example, interleukin-6 (IL-6) play an important role in neuroprotection and in the control of the central nervous system (CNS) function. Reduced expression of neurotrophic factors can lead to dysregulation of neuron function and neuronal death. There is also evidence for mutual interactions between neurotrophins and IL-6. Therefore, the up-regulating the level of neuroprotective substances is one of the key manners to control the nervous system development and function. It can be a promising aim in the therapy of neurodegenerative disease in which the decreased level of neurotrophins is observed. In our recent studies, the role of proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) and its nonapeptide fragment (NP) in the regulation of neurotrophic activity in cultured astrocytes was shown. PRP and NP stimulate human astrocytoma cell line U87 to release the significant amounts of NGF to the extracellular space both in its precursor and mature form. We also provide the evidence that in NP-treated cells, the level of βNGF mRNA was increased. NP-treated cells used in this study produced also increasing amounts of IL-6. This finding indicates that PRP and its nonapeptide fragment NP up-regulate neurotrophic activity of U87 cell line by increase of NGF synthesis and its release into the extracellular space. It was also shown that NP-dependent increased production of IL-6 can enhance the NGF activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zabłocka
- Department of Immunochemistry, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Mitkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józefa Macała
- Department of Immunochemistry, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maria Janusz
- Department of Immunochemistry, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zabłocka A, Sosnowska A, Urbaniak A, Janusz M, Polanowski A. Peptides accompanying chicken egg yolk IgY--alternative methods of isolation and immunoregulatory activity. Food Funct 2014; 5:724-33. [PMID: 24534909 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the hen immune system the egg content plays as significant a role in the development of the chick as colostrum does in newborn mammals. One of the most important proteins in this system seems to be the main yolk immunoglobulin IgY. It has been shown that IgY is accompanied by an immunostimulatory polypeptide complex named yolkin. In this report the biological activities of yolkin separated by means of four different procedures are presented. It was shown that yolkin acts as an inducer rather than a modulator of cytokine and nitric oxide release, and does not participate in the protection of cells against destructive effects of reactive oxygen species. However, using the perchloric acid procedure it is possible to obtain a peptide fraction with higher inducing activity, stronger antioxidant properties and ability to decrease the NO level induced by lipopolysaccharide. The results obtained show that it is feasible to select one of the presented methods of yolkin isolation that yields a product of particular activity. The properties of yolk peptides not only indicate their roles in the development of chicks, but can also be useful for the regulation of some immunological disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zabłocka
- Department of Immunochemistry, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effect of the proline-rich polypeptide complex/colostrinin™ on the enzymatic antioxidant system. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2012; 60:383-90. [PMID: 22926288 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-012-0187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) and its constituent nonapeptide (NP) possess immunoregulatory and procognitive properties. PRP in the form of sublingually administered tablets called Colostrinin™ improves the outcome of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Free radical-induced oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. It has been previously shown that PRP and NP inhibit overproduction of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide or PMA. Antioxidant defense includes both low molecular weight components and enzymatic systems including dismutases, catalase, glutathione reductase (GSSGR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx). An early event during the development of AD is lipid and protein peroxidation. PRP and NP showed no modulatory effect on lipid peroxidation. A protective effect on protein oxidation was found only when high doses of NP were used. We have previously shown, in a model of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, that PRP/NP affects activities of superoxide dismutase and NF-κB. In the present study with the use of the same cell model and whole blood cells we observed an activatory effect of PRP/NP on GSHPx and GSSGR activity but not catalase. The observed effect suggests that PRP/NP can act as a modulatory agent of the "first line" of antioxidant defense. It can be assumed therefore that PRP/Colostrinin by regulation of the early phase of the redox system does not reduce but rather prevents oxidative damage. This effect may shed some light on the beneficial effect of PRP/Colostrinin in AD patients.
Collapse
|
7
|
A novel extract from bovine colostrum whey supports anti-bacterial and anti-viral innate immune functions in vitro and in vivo: I. Enhanced immune activity in vitro translates to improved microbial clearance in animal infection models. Prev Med 2012; 54 Suppl:S116-23. [PMID: 22227281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects on the innate immune system after exposure to, a consumable low-molecular weight fraction (CLMWF) of immunoglobulin-depleted bovine colostrum whey. METHODOLOGY Cell-based immune assays were performed in vitro, and host resistance towards bacterial and viral infection was evaluated in two mouse studies. RESULTS In vitro data showed a multimodal effect, as CLMWF treatment resulted in a rapid increase in phagocytosis. CLMWF increased chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear cells towards the bacterial peptide f-MLP. CLMWF treatment of natural killer cells increased expression of the CD69 activation marker. Mononuclear phagocytes showed decreased numbers of CD14(bright) and increased number of CD14(dim) cells. The remaining CD14(bright) cells showed reduced expression of CD80 and CD86, whereas CD14(dim) cells showed increased expression of CD80 and CD86, suggesting dendritic cell maturation. Mouse models were applied to evaluate the immune-modulating capacity of CLMWF when consumed acutely during bacterial (Streptococcus) and viral (Influenza) infections in vivo. Reduced bacterial and viral loads were observed in lungs within 24h. Viral load was also reduced when CLMWF was introduced intranasally. CONCLUSION The data suggest that the support of antimicrobial immune defense mechanisms and maturation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro translates to protection in vivo when product is introduced across mucosal membranes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zabłocka A, Ogorzałek A, Macała J, Janusz M. A proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) influences inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice at the protein level. Nitric Oxide 2010; 23:20-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
9
|
Zabłocka A, Siednienko J, Mitkiewicz M, Gorczyca WA, Lisowski J, Janusz M. Proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) regulates secretion of inflammatory mediators by its effect on NF-κB activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2010; 64:16-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
10
|
Ovine colostrum nanopeptide affects amyloid beta aggregation. FEBS Lett 2008; 583:190-6. [PMID: 19084010 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A colostral proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) consisting of over 30 peptides shows beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients when administered in the form of sublinqual tablets called Colostrinin. The aim of the present studies was to investigate whether nanopeptide fragment of PRP (NP) - one of the PRP complex components can affect aggregation of amyloid beta (Abeta1-42). The effect of NP on Abeta aggregation was studied using Thioflavin T (ThT) binding, atomic force microscopy, and analyzing circular dichroism spectra. Results presented suggest that NP can directly interact with amyloid beta, inhibit its aggregation and disrupt existing aggregates acting as a beta sheet breaker and reduce toxicity induced by aggregated forms of Abeta.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sokołowska A, Bednarz R, Pacewicz M, Georgiades JA, Wilusz T, Polanowski A. Colostrum from different mammalian species—A rich source of colostrinin. Int Dairy J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|