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Li H, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Zhang J, Hua Z. RuvBL1 Maintains Resistance to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis by Suppressing c-Jun/AP-1 Activity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679243. [PMID: 34164343 PMCID: PMC8215499 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the common malignant tumor with the highest death rate in the world. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as a potential anticancer agent induces selective apoptotic death of human cancer cells. Unfortunately, approximately half of lung cancer cell lines are intrinsically resistant to TRAIL-induced cell death. In this study, we identified RuvBL1 as a repressor of c-Jun/AP-1 activity, contributing to TRAIL resistance in lung cancer cells. Knocking down RuvBL1 effectively sensitized resistant cells to TRAIL, and overexpression of RuvBL1 inhibited TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, there was a negative correlation expression between RuvBL1 and c-Jun in lung adenocarcinoma by Oncomine analyses. High expression of RuvBL1 inversely with low c-Jun in lung cancer was associated with a poor overall prognosis. Taken together, our studies broaden the molecular mechanisms of TRAIL resistance and suggest the application of silencing RuvBL1 synergized with TRAIL to be a novel therapeutic strategy in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Taoran Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengyi Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zichun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou, China
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Motadi LR, Choene MS, Mthembu NN. Anticancer properties of Tulbaghia violacea regulate the expression of p53-dependent mechanisms in cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12924. [PMID: 32737339 PMCID: PMC7395086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an enormous burden of disease globally. Today, more people die from cancer than a combination of several diseases. And in females, breast and cervical malignancies remain the most common types. Currently, cervical and breast cancer are the most diagnosed gynecological cancer type amongst black females in the Southern Sahara while amongst males prostate cancer is on the upward trend. With many of them still dependent on medicinal plants as a form of therapy and the need to identify new therapeutic agents, we have identified a commonly used medicinal plant Tulbaghia violacea Harv. commonly known as Itswele lomlambo (Xhosa), wilde knoffel (Afrikaans) and Isihaqa (zulu) to evaluate its anticancer properties at a molecular biology level. In this study, we evaluated the molecular mechanism of T. violacea extracts in regulating cell death in various cancer cell lines. To achieve this, T. violacea was collected, dried before crushing into a fine ground powder. Three organic solvents namely, methanol, hexane, and butanol at 10 g per 100 mL were used as extraction solvents. Each cell line was treated with varying concentrations of the plant extract to identify the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). The IC 50 was later used to analyse if the extracts were inducing apoptosis using annexin V analysis. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms by which apoptosis was induced was analysed by qPCR, western blots. All three extracts exhibited anticancer activity with the most cytotoxic being methanol extract. p53 expression was significantly increased in treated cells that correlated with increased caspase activity. The results point to possible activation of apoptosis following treatment with hexane extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesetja R Motadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg (Kingsway Campus), P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.
| | - Mpho S Choene
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg (Kingsway Campus), P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Nonkululeko N Mthembu
- Department of Consumer Science, University of South Africa (Florida Campus), Private Bag 1, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Motadi LR, Lekganyane MM, Moela P. RBBP6 expressional effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines with distinct p53 statuses. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3357-3369. [PMID: 30237738 PMCID: PMC6138973 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s169577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is the most common malignancy amongst women and has a higher incidence rate than lung cancer. Its tumor progression partially results from inactivation of p53 which is caused by overexpression of ubiquitous regulatory proteins possessing p53-binding domain. RBBP6 is regarded as one of the ubiquitous proteins because of its RING finger-like domain which enables it to possess E3 ligase activity. Thus, it has become a potential target in cancer treatment as it is highly expressed in various malignancies including cancer. However, it is not clearly defined whether the effect of RBBP6 on cell growth and apoptosis is cell line-dependent, more especially in breast cancer cell lines that have distinct p53 expression profiles. This study aims at evaluating the effects of RBBP6 on cell growth and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines with different p53 expressions. Methods Following the analysis at mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer tissue, RBBP6 expression was successfully manipulated using gene silencing and protein overexpression techniques in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The cells were co-treated with siRBBP6 and anticancer agents following apoptosis detection, which was confirmed by caspase 3/7 activity and quantification of apoptotic genes. Results RBBP6 was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues that were classified as stages 3 and 4, while in stage 1, its expression was much lower. The MCF-7 cell line which expresses wild-type p53 was more sensitive to apoptosis induction than MDA-MB-231 which is a mutant p53-expressing cell line. These data suggest that RBBP6 silencing triggers significant levels of intrinsic apoptosis, and its overexpression appears to promote cell proliferation in wild-type p53-expressing MCF-7 cell line as opposed to MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusion The effect of RBBP6 on cell proliferation and apoptosis induction in breast cancer seems to be cell line-dependent based on p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesetja Raymond Motadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa,
| | - Mashianoke Marcia Lekganyane
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa,
| | - Pontsho Moela
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Moela P, Motadi LR. RBBP6: a potential biomarker of apoptosis induction in human cervical cancer cell lines. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4721-35. [PMID: 27536134 PMCID: PMC4973719 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of RBBP6 in cancers of the colon, lung, and esophagus makes it a potential target in anticancer therapy. This is especially important because RBBP6 associates with the tumor suppressor gene p53, the inactivation of which has been linked to over 50% of all cancer types. However, the expression of RBBP6 in cancer and its interaction with p53 are yet to be understood in order to determine whether or not RBBP6 is cancer promoting and therefore a potential biomarker. In this study, we manipulated RBBP6 expression levels followed by treatment with either camptothecin or γ-aminobutyric acid in cervical cancer cells to induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. We began by staining human cervical cancer tissue sections with anti-RBBP6 monoclonal antibody to evaluate the extent of expression of RBBP6 in patients’ specimens. We followed on with silencing the overexpression of RBBP6 and treatment with anticancer agents to evaluate how the specimens respond to combinational therapy. Apoptosis induction was evaluated through confocal microscope, and flow cytometry using annexin V staining, and also by checking the mitochondrial and caspase-3/7 activity. Cell cycle arrest was evaluated using flow cytometry through staining with propidium iodide. RBBP6 was highly expressed in cervical cancer tissue sections that were in stage II or III of development. Silencing RBBP6 followed by treatment with γ-aminobutyric acid and camptothecin seems to sensitize cells to apoptosis induction rather than cell cycle arrest. Overexpression of RBBP6 seems to promote S-phase in cell cycle and cell proliferation. These results predict a proliferative role of RBBP6 in cancer progression rather than as a cancer-causing gene. Furthermore, sensitization of cells to camptothecin-induced apoptosis by RBBP6 targeting suggests a promising tool for halting cervical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontsho Moela
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Ming Z, Guo C, Jiang M, Li W, Zhang Y, Fan N, Zhong Y, Meng X, Yang S. Bioinformatics analysis of Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta and its expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:201. [PMID: 25367783 PMCID: PMC4223158 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer has been considered as one of the most important causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. To predict lung cancer, researchers identified several molecular markers. However, many underlying markers of lung cancer remain unclear. One of these markers is Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta (GDIβ), which is related to tumorigenicity, development and invasion. This study was designed to analyze the biological characteristics of Rab GDIβ and to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of Rab GDIβ in lung cancer cells; this study also aimed to investigate the functions of this protein in lung cancer. METHOD Using online software from the websites of NCBI, ProtParam and so on, we analyzed the biological characteristics of Rab GDIβ. RT-PCR was performed to detect gene expressions in A549 and 16HBE cell lines and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was conducted to detect Rab GDIβ protein expression in 57 cases of human lung cancer tissues and 19 cases of normal lung tissues. The association of protein expression with patient clinical and pathological characteristics was assessed in each dataset. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis on Rab GDIβ: The mRNA of human Rab GDIβ contains two transcript variants; the common structural elements of the two proteins are mainly α-helix, random coil, β-turn and extended strand. Three and four transmembrane domains could be found in the entire polypeptide chain of protein variants 1 and 2, respectively; both transcript variants are hydrophilic and soluble proteins. The RT-PCR result: The mRNA expression of Rab GDIβ was down-regulation in A549 cells compared with that in 16HBE cells. The IHC result: The protein expression of Rab GDIβ in lung cancer cells was significantly lower than that in normal lung tissues (P <0.05) but was not correlated with patients' age, gender, tumor size, pathological type, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and TNM stage. CONCLUSION The expression of Rab GDIβ was low in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Hence, Rab GDIβ may be a tumor suppressor and could function as an indicator of tumorigenesis in NSCLC; nevertheless, this result should be further studied. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjuan Ming
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Chunli Guo
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Tongchuan City, Tongchuan, 727000 China
| | - Meihua Jiang
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Wei Li
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Na Fan
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Yujie Zhong
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Xia Meng
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- />Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
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Ming Z, Jiang M, Li W, Fan N, Deng W, Zhong Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Yang S. Bioinformatics analysis and expression study of fumarate hydratase in lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2014; 5:543-9. [PMID: 26767050 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As its etiology and pathogenesis is obscure, illustrating the molecular mechanism of lung cancer has become a serious and urgent task. Studies have shown that fumarate hydratase (FH) is a tumor suppressor related to tumorigenesis, development, and invasion. Our aim was to analyze the biological information of FH, and detect the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression of FH in lung cancer cells to explore its role in tumorigenesis and in the development of lung cancer. METHOD We analyzed the biological characteristics of FH, then utilized reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to study FH mRNA expression in A549 and 16 human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell lines. The protein expression of FH was detected in 57 cases of human lung cancer tissues and 19 cases of normal lung tissues by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS 1. Bioinformatic analysis: FH mainly exist in the mitochondria; the common structural elements of FH are mainly α-helix, random coil, β-turn, and extended strand; there are five possible transmembrane domains in the entire polypeptide chain; FH is a hydrophilic and soluble protein. 2. RT-PCR result: FH mRNA expression was downregulated in A549 cells compared with 16HBE cells. 3. Immunohistochemistry: FH protein expression was significantly lower in lung cancer cells than in normal lung tissues (P < 0.05), but was not correlated with the patients' age, gender, tumor size, pathological type, or lymph node, distant, or tumor node metastasis stage. CONCLUSION FH was under-expressed in lung cancer, suggesting that it may be an indicator of tumorigenesis and could be a potential target for therapies against lung cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjuan Ming
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Meihua Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Na Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Wenjing Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yujie Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, 710004, China
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Mthembu NN, Motadi LR. Apoptotic potential role of Agave palmeri and Tulbaghia violacea extracts in cervical cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6143-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Moela P, Choene MMS, Motadi LR. Silencing RBBP6 (Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 6) sensitises breast cancer cells MCF7 to staurosporine and camptothecin-induced cell death. Immunobiology 2014; 219:593-601. [PMID: 24703106 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 6 (RBBP6) is a multi-domain protein that uses its ring finger domain to interact with p53 and pRb tumour suppressor genes. The mechanism by which RBBP6 uses to degrade p53 is still unknown; nonetheless it is well known that RBBP6 promotes cell proliferation in several cancers by negatively regulating p53 via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Degradation of p53 by RBBP6 may compromise p53-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer. This study is intended to investigate, the potential applications of RNA interference (RNAi) to block RBBP6 expression, as well as its subsequent effect on cell growth and apoptosis. Our studies indicate that the knockdown of RBBP6 by siRNA modulates p53 gene expression involved in cell death pathways and apoptosis, showing statistically significant gene expression differences. RBBP6 siRNA significantly reduced cell growth compared to the control samples and inhibition of cellular proliferation was observed between 24 and 48h, as shown in the data obtained by real time cell analysis using the xCELLigence system. These results were further confirmed by flow cytometer which showed some apoptotic activity. About 20.7% increase in apoptosis was observed in cells co-treated with RBBP6 siRNA and camptothecin when compared to camptothecin-only whereas in siRBBP6 and staurosporine treated cells there was only an 8.8% increase in apoptosis. These findings suggest that silencing RBBP6 may be a novel strategy to promote camptothecin-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontsho Moela
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Mpho M S Choene
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Lesetja R Motadi
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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Olszewska P, Szymański J, Mikiciuk-Olasik E, Szymański P. New cyclopentaquinoline derivatives with fluorobenzoic acid induce G1 arrest and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 729:30-6. [PMID: 24530441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 80-85% of all lung cancer cases and is the leading cause of cancer death indicating inefficient current treatment. Acridine derivatives interact with DNA and inhibit topoisomerase leading to cell growth arrest or cell death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of new synthesized sixteen 2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]quinoline derivatives (cyclopentaquinoline), a member of acridine-based compounds, on the survival and growth of human lung adenocarcinoma, A549 cells. Anticancer activity of eight new cyclopentaquinoline derivatives with hydrazinonicotinic acid (compounds 1-8) and eight with fluorobenzoic acid (compounds 9-16) were screened using WST-1 assay. Interestingly, cyclopentaquinoline derivatives with fluorobenzoic moiety were found to have a higher anticancer activity than derivatives with hydrazinonicotinic acid. Four out of eight tested compounds with fluorobenzoic acid inhibited 50% cancer cell growth at concentration below 20μM. Moreover, the efficacy of cyclopentaquinoline derivatives containing fluorobenzoic acid correlated with increasing number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain. The most effective compounds (6, 15, 16) were selected to determine molecular mechanisms of their anticancer action. The results indicated that inhibition of A549 cell growth by compounds 15 and 16 was associated with a cell cycle arrest at G0/1 phase and with induction of caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. Compound 6 also caused A549 cells death due to apoptosis, however, it had no significant effect on a cell cycle progression. These findings suggest that cyclopentaquinoline derivatives containing fluorobenzoic acid with 8 and 9 carbon atoms in aliphatic chain may be promising candidate for treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Olszewska
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jacek Szymański
- Central Scientific Laboratory, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Mikiciuk-Olasik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Szymański
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Nowak JS, Mehn D, Nativo P, García CP, Gioria S, Ojea-Jiménez I, Gilliland D, Rossi F. Silica nanoparticle uptake induces survival mechanism in A549 cells by the activation of autophagy but not apoptosis. Toxicol Lett 2013; 224:84-92. [PMID: 24140553 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report here an in vitro evaluation of silica nanoparticle uptake by lung epithelial cells (A549), the cytotoxic effect of the particles and we propose autophagy as possible survival strategy. The effect of surface charge, serum proteins and the influence of inhibitors on the uptake of 20 nm monodispersed nanoparticles with various functional groups are discussed. Uptake rate of the particles with various functional groups is demonstrated to be similar in the presence of serum proteins, while the uptake rate ranking is COOH>NH2>OH under serum free conditions. Our results suggest an actin-dependent, macropinocytotic uptake process that was also confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In spite of the intensive active uptake, significant cytotoxic effect is detected only at relatively high concentrations (above 250 μg/mL). Blebbing of the cell surface is observed already at 5h of exposure and is shown to be related to autophagy rather than apoptotic cell death. The A549 cells display elevated levels of autophagosomes, however they do not express typical apoptosis markers such as increased amount of active caspase-3 and release of mitochondrial cytochrome C. Based on these results, we propose here an autophagic activity and cross-talk between autophagic and apoptotic pathways as a mechanism allowing the survival of A549 cells under exposure to silica nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Stanislaw Nowak
- Nanobiosciences Unit, Institute of Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre, Via Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
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Bhatnagar S, Chaudhary N, Katare DP, Jain SK. A non-surgical method for induction of lung cancer in Wistar rats using a combination of NNK and high dietary fats. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:919-929. [PMID: 23315092 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms all over the world. Smoking and a number of constituents of tobacco are responsible for development of lung tumours; however, the deleterious effects of tobacco-derived carcinogen, nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)) remain unmatched. We report the development of a novel rodent model by administering multiple doses of NNK to male Wistar rats and feeding them with high-fat and low-protein diet. Tumour cells in lungs were observed in approximately 98 % rats after 8 months of NNK treatment, as evident by histopathological analysis. This rodent model showed slow progression of lung tumours which has helped us to assess early indicators of oxidative damage in lungs by studying the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters. LPO was elevated by 46.94 %, SOD, CAT, GSH and GR activity was decreased by 48.67 %, 22.04 %, 21.46 % and 20.85 %, respectively in serum of NNK treated rats when compared with control. These findings suggest that increased oxidative stress can represent a risk factor for the development of chronic disease in early future. This new animal model is an attempt to greatly facilitate studies of the pathophysiology, biochemistry and therapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Bhatnagar
- Department of Biotechnology, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
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Li SJ, Wang WY, Li B, Chen B, Zhang B, Wang X, Chen CS, Zhao QC, Shi H, Yao L. Expression of NDRG2 in human lung cancer and its correlation with prognosis. Med Oncol 2013; 30:421. [PMID: 23307246 PMCID: PMC3586402 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We had reported that N-myc downstream–regulated gene (NDRG2) regulates colorectal cancer, breast cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer and esophageal squamous cell proliferation, development, and apoptosis. The goal of this study was to determine the expression pattern of NDRG2 in human lung cancer and its correlation with prognosis. Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and western blot were used to explore the expression of NDRG2 in 185 human lung cancer patients. The correlation of NDRG2 expression with patients’ survival rate was assessed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression. Results showed that the expression level of NDRG2 was decreased in human lung cancer tissues, and NDRG2 was positively correlated with depth of invasion (P = 0.038), vascular invasion (P = 0.036), tumor grade (P = 0.039), and tumor size (P = 0.026). Both RT-PCR and Western blots demonstrated that NDRG2 mRNA and protein levels were lower in lung cancer compared to the adjacent normal tissue from the same individual, and NDRG2 level was negatively correlated with UICC stage. Additionally, survival time of lung cancer patients with high expression of NDRG2 was longer than those with low expression during the 5-year follow-up period (P = 0.001). Meanwhile, COX regression analysis indicated that low expression of NDRG2, ≥pT3, pM1, ≥pN1 and vascular invasion were independent, poor prognostic factors of lung cancer patients. These data showed that NDRG2 may play an important role in human lung cancer tumourigenesis, and NDRG2 might serve as a novel prognostic marker in human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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Figueroa CD, Ehrenfeld P, Bhoola KD. Kinin receptors as targets for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:299-312. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.662957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Cui Z, Yin Z, Li X, Wu W, Guan P, Zhou B. Association between polymorphisms in XRCC1 gene and clinical outcomes of patients with lung cancer: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:71. [PMID: 22339849 PMCID: PMC3305620 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) protein plays an important role in the repair of DNA damage and adducts. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of XRCC1 are suspected to have some relationship with response to chemotherapy and overall survival of lung cancer. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize published data on the association between the commonest SNPs of XRCC1 (Arg194Trp, C > T, rs1799782 and Arg399Gln, G > A, rs25487) and clinical outcome of lung cancer patients. Methods We retrieved the relevant articles from PubMed, EMBASE and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Studies were selected using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary outcomes included objective response (i.e., complete response + partial response vs. progressive disease + stable disease) and overall survival (OS). Odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. All analyses were performed using the Stata software. Results Twenty-two articles were included in the present analysis. XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln polymorphisms were significantly associated with response to treatment in lung cancer patients. Patients with C/T genotype, T/T genotype and minor variant T allele at Arg194Trp were more likely to respond to platinum-based chemotherapy compared with those with C/C genotype (C/T vs. C/C: OR, 2.54; 95%CI, 1.95-3.31; T/T vs. C/C: OR, 2.06; 95%CI, 1.39-3.06; C/T+T/T vs. C/C: OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.88-3.10). For XRCC1 Arg399Gln, G/A genotype, A/A genotype and minor variant A allele were associated with objective response in all patients (G/A vs. G/G: OR, 0.67; 95%CI, 0.50-0.90; A/A vs. G/G: OR, 0.43; 95%CI, 0.25-0.73; A/A+G/A vs. G/G: OR, 0.63; 95%CI, 0.49-0.83). Both G/A and A/A genotypes of XRCC1 Arg399Gln could influence overall survival of lung cancer patients (G/A vs. G/G: HR, 1.23; 95%CI, 1.06-1.44; A/A vs. G/G: HR, 2.03; 95%CI, 1.20-3.45). Interaction analysis suggested that compared with the patients carrying C/T+T/T genotype at XRCC1 194 and G/G genotype at XRCC1 399, the patients carrying 194 C/C and 399 G/A+A/A or 194 C/C and 399 G/G genotype showed much worse objective response. Conclusions Genetic polymorphisms in XRCC1 gene might be associated with overall survival and response to platinum-based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Cui
- China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
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Mil’ EM, Gurevich SM, Kozachenko AI, Nagler LG, Albantova AA, Fatkullina LD, Burlakova EB. Effects of smoking and tumor process on the contents of key proteins of apoptosis and activity of antioxidant enzymes in blood. BIOL BULL+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359011060094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Motadi LR, Bhoola KD, Dlamini Z. Expression and function of retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6) in human lung cancer. Immunobiology 2011; 216:1065-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chen Z, Huang X, Yang H, Ding W, Gao L, Ye Z, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Lou Y. Anti-tumor effects of B-2, a novel 2,3-disubstituted 8-arylamino-3H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinazoline derivative, on the human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 189:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Sun XS, Bandura-Morgan L, Zacharias W. Induction of Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells by TRAIL and L-leucyl-L-leucine Methyl Ester. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2011.23057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Yin Z, Zhou B, He Q, Li M, Guan P, Li X, Cui Z, Xue X, Su M, Ma R, Bai W, Xia S, Jiang Y, Xu S, Lv Y, Li X. Association between polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and survival of non-smoking female patients with lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:439. [PMID: 20003463 PMCID: PMC2803496 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) and group 2 (ERCC2), and X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) proteins play important roles in the repair of DNA damage and adducts. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DNA repair genes are suspected to influence treatment effect and survival of cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in ERCC2, ERCC1 and XRCC1 genes and survival of non-smoking female patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods We used polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method to evaluate SNPs in ERCC2, ERCC1 and XRCC1 genes among 257 patients. Results The overall median survival time (MST) was 13.07 months. Increasing numbers of either ERCC1 118 or XRCC1 399 variant alleles were associated with shorter survival of non-smoking female lung adenocarcinoma patients (Log-rank P < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for individuals with CT or TT genotype at ERCC1 Asn118Asn were 1.48 and 2.67 compared with those with CC genotype. For polymorphism of XRCC1 399, the HRs were 1.28 and 2.68 for GA and AA genotype. When variant alleles across both polymorphisms were combined to analysis, the increasing number of variant alleles was associated with decreasing overall survival. Using the stepwise Cox regression analysis, we found that the polymorphisms in ERCC1 and XRCC1, tumor stage and chemotherapy or radiotherapy status independently predicted overall survival of non-smoking female patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusions Genetic polymorphisms in ERCC1 and XRCC1 genes might be prognostic factors in non-smoking female patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
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Gemignani F, Neri M, Bottari F, Barale R, Canessa PA, Canzian F, Ceppi M, Spitaleri I, Cipollini M, Ivaldi GP, Mencoboni M, Scaruffi P, Tonini GP, Ugolini D, Mutti L, Bonassi S, Landi S. Risk of malignant pleural mesothelioma and polymorphisms in genes involved in the genome stability and xenobiotics metabolism. Mutat Res 2009; 671:76-83. [PMID: 19751749 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive cancer mostly attributable to asbestos exposure. Many polymorphic genes encoding for xenobiotic and oxidative metabolism enzymes (XME) or involved in genome stability (GS) can modulate individual MPM risk in exposed populations. An association study was carried out in a case-control setting including 119 MPM patients and two groups of referent subjects (104 with and 695 without documented asbestos exposure). Forty-eight polymorphisms in XME genes and 75 in GS-genes were evaluated. Statistical analysis revealed some significant associations of studied polymorphisms with MPM risk, but most of them disappeared after applying Bonferroni correction (new threshold for statistical significance: p=4.07 x 10(-4)). On the other hand, the nucleotidic change 282C>T within NAT2 held the statistical significance (OR=3.54; 95% CI 1.75-7.16; p=0.0002), reinforcing existing evidences that describe genetic polymorphisms of NAT2 possibly involved in the etiology of the MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gemignani
- Genetics - Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna, 1, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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