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Li N, Han L, Wang X, Qiao O, Zhang L, Gong Y. Biotherapy of experimental acute kidney injury: emerging novel therapeutic strategies. Transl Res 2023; 261:69-85. [PMID: 37329950 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex and heterogeneous disease with high incidence and mortality, posing a serious threat to human life and health. Usually, in clinical practice, AKI is caused by crush injury, nephrotoxin exposure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, or sepsis. Therefore, most AKI models for pharmacological experimentation are based on this. The current research promises to develop new biological therapies, including antibody therapy, non-antibody protein therapy, cell therapy, and RNA therapy, that could help mitigate the development of AKI. These approaches can promote renal repair and improve systemic hemodynamics after renal injury by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory response, organelles damage, and cell death, or activating cytoprotective mechanisms. However, no candidate drugs for AKI prevention or treatment have been successfully translated from bench to bedside. This article summarizes the latest progress in AKI biotherapy, focusing on potential clinical targets and novel treatment strategies that merit further investigation in future pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Han
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ou Qiao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhua Gong
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China.
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Wani FA, Ibrahim MA, Ameen SH, Farage AE, Ali ZAE, Saleh K, Farag MM, Sayeed MU, Alruwaili MAY, Alruwaili AHF, Aljared AZA, Galhom RA. Platelet Rich Plasma and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigate Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat via Nrf2/Pparγ/HO-1 and NF-Κb/Keap1/Caspase-3 Signaling Pathways: Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Interplay. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050398. [PMID: 37235213 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the nephrotoxicity of methotrexate (MTX) is observed in high-dose therapy. Moreover, low-dose MTX therapy for rheumatic diseases is debatable and claimed to cause renal impairment. This study aimed at studying the effect of methotrexate in repeated low doses on rat kidneys and assessing the efficacy of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) for attenuating this effect. METHODS Forty-two male Wistar rats were used, 10 rats were donors of AD-MSCs and PRP, 8 rats served as control, and the remaining rats were subjected to induction of nephrotoxicity by MTX intraperitoneal injection once weekly for successive 8 weeks and then assigned into 3 groups of 8 animals each: Group II: received MTX only. Group III: received MTX + PRP. Group IV: received MTX + AD-MSCs. After one month, rats were anaesthetized, serum-sampled, and renal tissue removed for biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural evaluation. RESULTS there was significant tubular degeneration, glomerulosclerosis, fibrosis, decreased renal index, along with increased levels of urea and creatinine in the MTX group compared to the control group. Immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 and iNOS in the renal tissue was significantly increased in group II compared to groups III and IV. Biochemical results revealed higher tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the MTX-injected group which decreased significantly in co-treatment with either AD-MSC or PRP + MTX. MSC promoted the activation of the Nrf2/PPARγ/HO-1 and NF-κB/Keap1/caspase-3 pathways, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced lipid peroxidation levels, and alleviated oxidative damage and apoptosis. PRP showed therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms similar to MSC. Furthermore, MSC and PRP treatment significantly reduced MTX-induced upregulation of the pro-inflammatory (NF-κB, interleukin-1ß, and TNF-α), oxidative stress (Nrf-2, hemoxygenase-1, glutathione, and malondialdehyde), and nitrosative stress (iNOS) markers in the kidney. CONCLUSION repeated administration of low-dose MTX resulted in massive renal tissue toxicity and deterioration of renal function in rats which proved to be attenuated by PRP and AD-MSCs through their anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq A Wani
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahrous A Ibrahim
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 41412, Saudi Arabia
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (SCU), Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shimaa H Ameen
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Alsharqia 44519, Egypt
| | - Amira E Farage
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Zinab Abd-Elhady Ali
- Vice Deanship for Academic Affairs, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaldoon Saleh
- Vice Deanship for Academic Affairs, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Medhat M Farag
- Medical Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed U Sayeed
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Rania A Galhom
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (SCU), Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (SCU), Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo 11829, Egypt
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Stem Cells in Kidney Ischemia: From Inflammation and Fibrosis to Renal Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054631. [PMID: 36902062 PMCID: PMC10002584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic nephropathy consists of progressive renal function loss due to renal hypoxia, inflammation, microvascular rarefaction, and fibrosis. We provide a literature review focused on kidney hypoperfusion-dependent inflammation and its influence on renal tissue's ability to self-regenerate. Moreover, an overview of the advances in regenerative therapy with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) infusion is provided. Based on our search, we can point out the following conclusions: 1. endovascular reperfusion is the gold-standard therapy for RAS, but its success mostly depends on treatment timeliness and a preserved downstream vascular bed; 2. anti-RAAS drugs, SGLT2 inhibitors, and/or anti-endothelin agents are especially recommended for patients with renal ischemia who are not eligible for endovascular reperfusion for slowing renal damage progression; 3. TGF-β, MCP-1, VEGF, and NGAL assays, along with BOLD MRI, should be extended in clinical practice and applied to a pre- and post-revascularization protocols; 4. MSC infusion appears effective in renal regeneration and could represent a revolutionary treatment for patients with fibrotic evolution of renal ischemia.
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The Prescription of Oral Mucosal Mesenchymal Stem Cells post-Traumatic Brain Injury Improved the Kidney and Heart Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8235961. [PMID: 36408281 PMCID: PMC9671733 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8235961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background In the last years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered as a useful strategy to treat many diseases such as traumatic brain injury (TBI). The production of inflammatory agents by TBI elicits an inflammatory response directed to other systems of body, such as the heart and the kidneys. In this study, the efficacy of oral mucosal mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) prescription after TBI in inflammation and oxidative stress of the heart and kidneys was evaluated. Methods Twenty-four male rats were located in groups as follows: sham, TBI, vehicle (Veh), and stem cell (SC). OMSCs were injected intravenously 1 and 24 hours after TBI. Inflammatory, oxidative stress, and histopathological outcomes of the heart and kidney tissues were investigated 48 hours after TBI. Results TBI caused an increase in the level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), and carbonyl protein (PC) of the heart and kidney compared to the sham group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) of the heart and kidney decreased after TBI. The use of OMSCs after TBI reduced the changes of these factors in both the heart and the kidney. Conclusion Application of OMSCs after TBI can decrease inflammation and oxidative stress of the heart and kidney tissues leading to the reduction of damage. Therefore, this method can be evaluated in the TBI patients in future studies.
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Ibrahim MA, Khalifa AM, Mohamed AA, Galhom RA, Korayem HE, Abd El-Fadeal NM, Abd-Eltawab Tammam A, Khalifa MM, Elserafy OS, Abdel-Karim RI. Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Their Conditioned Media, and Olive Leaf Extract Protect against Cisplatin-Induced Toxicity by Alleviating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10090526. [PMID: 36136492 PMCID: PMC9504158 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic and renal damage is a cisplatin (Cis)-induced deleterious effect that is a major limiting factor in clinical chemotherapy. OBJECTIVES The current study was designed to investigate the influence of pretreatment with olive leaf extract (OLE), bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC), and their conditioned media (CM-MSC) against genotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and immunotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into six groups (six rats each) as follows: Control; OLE group, treated with OLE; Cis group, treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of Cis (7 mg/kg bw); Cis + OLE group, treated with OLE and cisplatin; Cis + CM-MSC group, treated with BM-MSC conditioned media and Cis; and Cis + MSC group, treated with BM-MSC in addition to Cis. RESULTS Cis resulted in a significant deterioration in hepatic and renal functions and histological structures. Furthermore, it increased inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased glutathione (GSH) content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in hepatic and renal tissues. Furthermore, apoptosis was evident in rat tissues. A significant increase in serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), nitric oxide (NO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and a decrease in lysozyme activity were detected in Cis-treated rats. OLE, CM-MSC, and BM-MSC have significantly ameliorated Cis-induced deterioration in hepatic and renal structure and function and improved oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, with preference to BM-MSC. Moreover, apoptosis was significantly inhibited, evident from the decreased expression of Bax and caspase-3 genes and upregulation of Bcl-2 proteins in protective groups as compared to Cis group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that BM-MSC, CM-MSC, and OLE have beneficial effects in ameliorating cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrous A. Ibrahim
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 41412, Saudi Arabia
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (SCU), Ismailia 41522, Egypt or
| | - Athar M. Khalifa
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 41412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A. Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry Division, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 41412, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Rania A. Galhom
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (SCU), Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (SCU), Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Horeya E. Korayem
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (SCU), Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Abd El-Fadeal
- Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (SCU), Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (SCU), Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (SCU), Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd-Eltawab Tammam
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 41412, Saudi Arabia
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mansour Khalifa
- Human Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Human Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama S. Elserafy
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences Department, King Fahd Security College, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab I. Abdel-Karim
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (SCU), Ismailia 41522, Egypt or
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Huang J, Cao H, Cui B, Ma X, Gao L, Yu C, Shen F, Yang X, Liu N, Qiu A, Cai G, Zhuang S. Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Acute Kidney Injury in a Porcine Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:899869. [PMID: 35686052 PMCID: PMC9171021 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.899869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted by cells, containing a variety of biologically active ingredients including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of the exosomes and underlying mechanisms in a miniature pig model of ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury (I/R-AKI). The exosomes were extracted from cultured human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and infused into a miniature pig model of I/R AKI. Our results showed that 120 min of unilateral ischemia followed by reperfusion and contralateral nephrectomy resulted in renal dysfunction, severe kidney damage, apoptosis and necroptosis. Intravenous infusion of one dose of exosomes collected from about 4 × 108 hUC-MSCs significantly improved renal function and reduced apoptosis and necroptosis. Administration of hUC-MSC exosomes also reduced the expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, decreased infiltration of macrophages to the injured kidneys and suppressed the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, two transcriptional factors related to inflammatory regulation. Moreover, hUC-MSC exosomes could promote proliferation of renal tubular cells, angiogenesis and upregulation of Klotho and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7, two renoprotective molecules and vascular endothelial growth factor A and its receptor. Collectively, our results suggest that injection of hUC-MSC exosomes could ameliorate I/R-AKI and accelerate renal tubular cell repair and regeneration, and that hUC-MSC exosomes may be used as a potential biological therapy for Acute kidney injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianni Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Cao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengchen Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Qin C, Wang K, Zhang L, Bai L. Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: An overview of experimental models and reality. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:15-26. [PMID: 35229995 PMCID: PMC8879630 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. The pathology of AD is characterized by extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, neuronal death, synapse loss, and brain atrophy. Many therapies have been tested to improve or at least effectively modify the course of AD. Meaningful data indicate that the transplantation of stem cells can alleviate neuropathology and significantly ameliorate cognitive deficits in animal models with Alzheimer's disease. Transplanted stem cells have shown their inherent advantages in improving cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction, although certain weaknesses or limitations need to be overcome. This review recapitulates rodent models for AD, the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells, influencing factors, and the underlying mechanisms behind these changes. Stem cell therapy provides perspective and challenges for its clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Comparative Medicine Center Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing Beijing China
| | - Kewei Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Comparative Medicine Center Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing Beijing China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Comparative Medicine Center Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing Beijing China
| | - Lin Bai
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Comparative Medicine Center Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing Beijing China
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Shang Z, Jiang Y, Guan X, Wang A, Ma B. Therapeutic Effects of Stem Cells From Different Source on Renal Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Animal Studies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713059. [PMID: 34539400 PMCID: PMC8444551 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Although stem cell therapy for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) has made immense progress in animal studies, conflicting results have been reported by the investigators. Therefore, we aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of different stem cells on renal function of animals with ischemia-reperfusion injury and to compare the efficacies of stem cells from various sources. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and WanFang Data were searched for records until April 2021. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and literature quality evaluation. Results and conclusion: Seventy-two animal studies were included for data analysis. Different stem cells significantly reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels in the early and middle stages (1 and 7 days) compared to the negative control group, however there was no significant difference in the late stage among all groups (14 days); In the early stage (1 day), the renal histopathological score in the stem cell group was significantly lower than that in the negative control group, and there was no significant difference among these stem cells. In addition, there was no significant difference between stem cell and negative control in proliferation of resident cells, however, significantly less apoptosis of resident cells than negative control. In conclusion, the results showed that stem cells from diverse sources could improve the renal function of RIRI animals. ADMSCs and MDMSCs were the most-researched stem cells, and they possibly hold the highest therapeutic potential. However, the quality of evidence included in this study is low, and there are many risks of bias. The exact efficacy of the stem cells and the requirement for further clinical studies remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanbiao Jiang
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Guan
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Anan Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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9
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Cheng S, Liu X, Gong F, Ding X, Zhou X, Liu C, Zhao F, Li X, Shi J. Dexamethasone promotes the endoplasmic reticulum stress response of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by activating the PERK-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00791. [PMID: 34038621 PMCID: PMC8153378 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head (SANFH) is complex, and there is a lack of effective early prevention method. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on the biological behavior of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and to explore the possibility of DEX in the clinical treatment of SANFH. The effect of DEX on the proliferation of BMSCs was evaluated by Counting Kit-8 assay, western blot assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry and western blot assay were performed to detect the effect of DEX on the apoptosis of BMSCs. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot assay were performed to detect the effect of DEX on the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related genes. Immunoblotting analysis was conducted for detecting the nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of Nrf2. DEX could significantly inhibit the proliferation of BMSCs and promote apoptosis of BMSCs. DEX could increase the expression of PERK, ATF6, and IRE1a, and induce nuclear translocation of Nrf2. The addition of ML385 could reverse the effect of DEX on BMSCs. DEX could activate the PERK-Nrf2 pathway to promote ERS and finally affect the cell proliferation and apoptosis of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suoli Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningxia Medical University, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Fan Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- Department of Digestive System, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xuebing Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Cuiyun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jiandang Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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10
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutic Agents and Novel Carriers for the Delivery of Candidate Genes in Acute Kidney Injury. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8875554. [PMID: 33381189 PMCID: PMC7748887 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8875554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by a dramatic increase in serum creatinine. Mild AKI may merely be confined to kidney damage and resolve within days; however, severe AKI commonly involves extrarenal organ dysfunction and is associated with high mortality. There is no specific pharmaceutical treatment currently available that can reverse the course of this disease. Notably, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show great promise for the management of AKI by targeting multiple pathophysiological pathways to facilitate tubular epithelial cell repair. It has been well established that the unique characteristics of MSCs make them ideal vectors for gene therapy. Thus, genetic modification has been attempted to achieve improved therapeutic outcomes in the management of AKI by overexpressing trophic cytokines or facilitating MSC delivery to renal tissues. The present article provides a comprehensive review of genetic modification strategies targeted at optimizing the therapeutic potential of MSCs in AKI.
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Sierra-Parraga JM, Merino A, Eijken M, Leuvenink H, Ploeg R, Møller BK, Jespersen B, Baan CC, Hoogduijn MJ. Reparative effect of mesenchymal stromal cells on endothelial cells after hypoxic and inflammatory injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:352. [PMID: 32787906 PMCID: PMC7424997 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The renal endothelium is a prime target for ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during donation and transplantation procedures. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been shown to ameliorate kidney function after IRI. However, whether this involves repair of the endothelium is not clear. Therefore, our objective is to study potential regenerative effects of MSC on injured endothelial cells and to identify the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were submitted to hypoxia and reoxygenation and TNF-α treatment. To determine whether physical interaction or soluble factors released by MSC were responsible for the potential regenerative effects of MSC on endothelial cells, dose-response experiments were performed in co-culture and transwell conditions and with secretome-deficient MSC. Results MSC showed increased migration and adhesion to injured HUVEC, mediated by CD29 and CD44 on the MSC membrane. MSC decreased membrane injury marker expression, oxidative stress levels, and monolayer permeability of injured HUVEC, which was observed only when allowing both physical and paracrine interaction between MSC and HUVEC. Furthermore, viable MSC in direct contact with injured HUVEC improved wound healing capacity by 45% and completely restored their angiogenic capacity. In addition, MSC exhibited an increased ability to migrate through an injured HUVEC monolayer compared to non-injured HUVEC in vitro. Conclusions These results show that MSC have regenerative effects on injured HUVEC via a mechanism which requires both physical and paracrine interaction. The identification of specific effector molecules involved in MSC-HUVEC interaction will allow targeted modification of MSC to apply and enhance the therapeutic effects of MSC in IRI. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus M Sierra-Parraga
- Internal Medicine Department, Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ana Merino
- Internal Medicine Department, Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Eijken
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henri Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery - Organ Donation and Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger Ploeg
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bjarne K Møller
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Jespersen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carla C Baan
- Internal Medicine Department, Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Internal Medicine Department, Sector Nephrology & Transplantation, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Zilberman-Itskovich S, Efrati S. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Uses for Acute Kidney Injury-Current Available Data and Future Perspectives: A Mini-Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1369. [PMID: 32793191 PMCID: PMC7385060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence concerning the potential use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for different tissue injuries. Initially, the intended physiological use of MSCs was due to their ability to differentiate and replace damaged cells. However, MSCs have multiple effects, including being able to significantly modulate immunological responses. MSCs are currently being tested for neurodegenerative diseases, graft vs. host disease, kidney injury, and other chronic unremitting tissue damage. Using MSCs in acute tissue damage is only now being studied. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. After the primary insult, overactivation of the immune system culminates in additional secondary potentially permanent kidney damage. MSCs have the potential to ameliorate the secondary damage, and recent studies have shed important light on their mechanisms of action. This article summarizes the basics of MSCs therapy, the newly discovered mechanisms of action, and their potential application in the setting of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Zilberman-Itskovich
- Nephrology Division, Assaf-Harofeh (Shamir) Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Efrati
- Nephrology Division, Assaf-Harofeh (Shamir) Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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13
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Karimi Z, Janfeshan S, Kargar Abarghouei E, Hashemi SS. Therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via modulation of TLR2 and TLR4 on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 11:219-226. [PMID: 34336610 PMCID: PMC8314037 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pro-inflammatory process that activates toll-like receptors (TLRs). Stem cell therapy holds a great promise for kidney repair. Therefore, we investigated the immunomodulatory role of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on TLR2 and TLR4 expression in AKI in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: BMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of male rats, cultured in DMEM, and characterized using appropriate markers before transplantation. Renal I/R was induced by 45 minutes bilateral ischemia followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Rats received intraperitoneal injections of BMSCs (1.5 × 106 cells, i.p, per rat) immediately after termination of renal ischemia. Serum samples were collected pre-and post-stem cells injection for assessment of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels. The kidneys were harvested after 24 hours of reperfusion for structural and molecular analysis. Results: Renal I/R caused severe tissue injuries and increased the level of BUN (166.5 ± 12.9 vs. 18.25 ± 1.75) and Cr (3.7 ± 0.22 vs. 0.87 ± 0.06) compared to the sham group. In addition, mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4 elevated in the renal I/R group. Administration of BMSCs improved the functional and structural state of the kidney induced by I/R and down-regulated TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression. Conclusion: The results showed a highly significant renoprotection by BMSCs that indicates their therapeutic potential in I/R injures. These effects are most likely associated with the TLR2/4 signaling pathway via modulation of the inflammatory response cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Karimi
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center (SNURC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Janfeshan
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center (SNURC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elias Kargar Abarghouei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Sara Hashemi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Fujimoto Y, Yokozeki T, Yokoyama A, Tabata Y. Basic fibroblast growth factor enhances proliferation and hepatocyte growth factor expression of feline mesenchymal stem cells. Regen Ther 2020; 15:10-17. [PMID: 32490062 PMCID: PMC7256438 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the proliferation and secretion activity of feline adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Methods Feline MSC isolated from the subcutaneous adipose tissue of cats were cultured with or without bFGF. Results The bFGF addition enhanced the proliferation of feline MSC to a significant great extent compared with that without bFGF, although the cell proliferation tended to increase with the bFGF concentration. In addition, adipogenic and osteogenic staining assay demonstrated that the bFGF addition allowed MSC to maintain the differentiation ability even after the proliferation. Moreover, no change in the surface markers of MSC was observed between the cultures with or without bFGF. A quantitative RT-PCR assay revealed that the HGF and TSG-6 expression significantly increased by the bFGF addition. The highest mRNA expression of MMP-2 was observed for cells cultured in 1000 ng/ml bFGF concentration. Conclusions The culture with bFGF is a promising way to enhance the proliferation, and HGF secretion ability of MSC as well as maintain their differentiation ability and immunophenotype nature. Feline adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) was cultured with or without the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The bFGF enhanced the proliferation and increased the mRNA expression of HGF, TSG-6, and MMP-2. The bFGF addition was not influenced to the differentiation ability and cell surface marker of MSC.
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Key Words
- Basic fibroblast growth factor
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- Feline
- GAPDH, gliyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- Hepatocyte growth factor
- MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cells
- Mesenchymal stem cell
- P1, passage 1
- Proliferation
- SVF, stromal vascular fraction
- TSG-6, tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6
- Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Fujimoto
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Ibrahim AAS, Morsy MM, Abouhashem SE, Aly O, Sabbah NA, Raafat N. Role of mesenchymal stem cells and their culture medium in alleviating kidney injury in rats diabetic nephropathy. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is considered as one of the most serious complications resulting from diabetes mellitus and end-stage of renal failure globally. Up to 40% of diabetic patients will develop DN. The involvement of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in diabetic renal lesions management has been established in many animal models of DN. The aim is to evaluate the capability of MSCs and their culture medium (CM) to alleviate DN in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Female albino rats were made diabetic and were further categorized into 4 subgroups of 15 each: DN group, DN group received fibroblasts, MSCs group received one dose of 1 × 106 cells of MSCs, and CM group received one dose of 500 μl of CM. In all groups, the treatment was delivered by intravenous injection (IV) into the tail vein.
Results
MSCs insinuated themselves into the injured kidney as detected by CD44 expression. Biochemical and histological results showed that MSCs and/or CM effectively attenuated DN manifestations in rat model through their possible anti-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β1 were decreased), anti-apoptotic (Bcl2 was increased while Bax and caspases were decreased), and anti-oxidant role (malondialdehyde was decreased while glutathione and catalase were increased).
Conclusion
These results provide a potential therapeutic tool for DN management through the administration of the CM from MSCs that ameliorates the effects of diabetes. It is also possible to treat DN using CM alone thus avoiding cell transplantation.
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16
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Ahmadi A, Rad NK, Ezzatizadeh V, Moghadasali R. Kidney Regeneration: Stem Cells as a New Trend. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:263-283. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666191218094513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Renal disease is a major worldwide public health problem that affects one in ten people.
Renal failure is caused by the irreversible loss of the structural and functional units of kidney (nephrons)
due to acute and chronic injuries. In humans, new nephrons (nephrogenesis) are generated until
the 36th week of gestation and no new nephron develops after birth. However, in rodents, nephrogenesis
persists until the immediate postnatal period. The postnatal mammalian kidney can partly repair
their nephrons. The kidney uses intrarenal and extra-renal cell sources for maintenance and repair.
Currently, it is believed that dedifferentiation of surviving tubular epithelial cells and presence of resident
stem cells have important roles in kidney repair. Many studies have shown that stem cells obtained
from extra-renal sites such as the bone marrow, adipose and skeletal muscle tissues, in addition
to umbilical cord and amniotic fluid, have potential therapeutic benefits. This review discusses the
main mechanisms of renal regeneration by stem cells after a kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ahmadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar K. Rad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ezzatizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Wang S, Cai S, Zhang W, Liu X, Li Y, Zhang C, Zeng Y, Xu M, Rong R, Yang T, Shi B, Chandraker A, Yang C, Zhu T. High-mobility group box 1 protein antagonizes the immunosuppressive capacity and therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in acute kidney injury. J Transl Med 2020; 18:175. [PMID: 32312307 PMCID: PMC7169035 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury and an unavoidable consequence of kidney transplantation and still lacks specific therapeutics. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has been emerging as a promising cell-based therapy for IRI in the context of transplantation. MSC negatively regulates the secretion of pro-inflammatory as well as the activation of immune cells during IRI through its unique immunosuppressive property. Methods We employed mice kidney IRI model and MSC cell line to monitor the IRI related checkpoints. siRNAs were utilized to knock down the potential key factors for mechanistic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc procedure by SPSS. Results The expression of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is increased in the acute phase as well as the recovery stage of IRI. Importantly, the HMGB1 upregulation is correlated with the injury severity. HMGB1 diminishes the MSC induced immunosuppressive capacity in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibition contributes to the negative effect of HMGB1 on MSCs. HMGB1-TLR4 signaling inhibition augments the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in mice renal IRI model. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that HMGB1 plays a crucial role in shaping the immunoregulatory property of MSCs within the microenvironments, providing novel insights into the crosstalk between MSCs and microenvironment components, suggesting HMGB1 signals as a promising target to improve MSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Songjie Cai
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, LRMC 301, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Weitao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xigao Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yigang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruiming Rong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Transfusion, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tianshu Yang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, LRMC 301, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Tongyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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18
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Reparative and Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Promising Potential for Kidney Transplantation? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184614. [PMID: 31540361 PMCID: PMC6770554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess reparative, regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. The current literature suggests that MSCs could improve kidney transplant outcome via immunomodulation. In many clinical domains, research has also focussed on the regenerative and reparative effects of therapies with MSCs. However, in the field of transplantation, data on this subject remain scarce. This review provides an overview of what is known about the regenerative and reparative effects of MSCs in various fields ranging from wound care to fracture healing and also examines the potential of these promising MSC properties to improve the outcome of kidney transplantations.
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19
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Villanueva S, González F, Lorca E, Tapia A, López VG, Strodthoff R, Fajre F, Carreño JE, Valjalo R, Vergara C, Lecanda M, Bartolucci J, Figueroa FE, Khoury M. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for treating chronic kidney disease: A pilot study assessing safety and clinical feasibility. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2019; 38:176-185. [PMID: 31189223 PMCID: PMC6577210 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.18.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health concern, and available treatments are insufficient in limiting disease progression. New strategies, including regenerative cell-based therapies, have emerged as therapeutic alternatives. Results from several groups, including our own, have reported evidence of a supportive role for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in functional recovery and prevention of tissue damage in murine models of CKD. Prompted by these data, an open pilot study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of a single injection of autologous adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs) for treatment of CKD. Methods AT-MSCs were infused intravenously into six CKD patients at a dose of 1 million cells/kg. Patients were stabilized and followed for one year prior to MSC infusion and one year following infusion. Results No patients presented with adverse effects. Statistically significant improvement in urinary protein excretion was observed in AT-MSCs transplanted patients, from a median of 0.75 g/day (range, 0.15-9.57) at baseline to 0.54 g/day (range, 0.01-2.66) at month 12 (P = 0.046). The glomerular filtration rate was not significantly decreased post-infusion of AT-MSCs. Conclusion Findings from this pilot study demonstrate that intravenous infusion of autologous expanded AT-MSCs into CKD patients was not associated with adverse effects and could benefit patients already undergoing standard medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Villanueva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Eduardo Lorca
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Salvador, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Tapia
- Laboratory of Nano-regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina G López
- Cells for Cells, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocío Strodthoff
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Fajre
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan E Carreño
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Valjalo
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Salvador, Santiago, Chile
| | - César Vergara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Lecanda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Bartolucci
- Cells for Cells, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando E Figueroa
- Laboratory of Nano-regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Program for Translational Research in Cell Therapy, the Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Regenero, the Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Program for Translational Research in Cell Therapy, the Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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20
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Unveiling Mesenchymal Stromal Cells' Organizing Function in Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040823. [PMID: 30769851 PMCID: PMC6413004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration is a fundamental process attributed to the functions of adult stem cells. In the last decades, delivery of suspended adult stem cells is widely adopted in regenerative medicine as a leading means of cell therapy. However, adult stem cells cannot complete the task of human body regeneration effectively by themselves as far as they need a receptive microenvironment (the niche) to engraft and perform properly. Understanding the mechanisms underlying mammalian regeneration leads us to an assumption that improved outcomes of cell therapy require a specific microenvironment that is generated in damaged areas prior to stem cell delivery. To a certain extent, it may be achieved by the delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), not in dispersed form, but rather in self-organized cell sheets (CS) ⁻ tissue-like structures comprised of viable cells and microenvironment components: extracellular matrix and soluble factors deposited in the matrix. In this review, we highlight the potential role of MSCs as regeneration organizers and speculate that this function emerges in CS. This concept shifts our understanding of the therapeutic mechanism underlying a widely known CS-based delivery method for regenerative medicine.
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21
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The use of hydrogels for cell-based treatment of chronic kidney disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1977-1994. [PMID: 30220651 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major and growing public health concern with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. The therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) holds great promise for treatment of CKD. However, there are significant bottlenecks in the clinical translation due to the reduced number of transplanted cells and the duration of their presence at the site of tissue damage. Bioengineered hydrogels may provide a route of cell delivery to enhance treatment efficacy and optimise the targeting effectiveness while minimising any loss of cell function. In this review, we highlight the advances in stem cell therapy targeting kidney disease and discuss the emerging role of hydrogel delivery systems to fully realise the potential of adult stem cells as a regenerative therapy for CKD in humans. MSCs and EPCs mediate kidney repair through distinct paracrine effects. As a delivery system, hydrogels can prolong these paracrine effects by improving retention at the site of injury and protecting the transplanted cells from the harsh inflammatory microenvironment. We also discuss the features of a hydrogel, which may be tuned to optimise the therapeutic potential of encapsulated stem cells, including cell-adhesive epitopes, material stiffness, nanotopography, modes of gelation and degradation and the inclusion of bioactive molecules. This review concludes with a discussion of the challenges to be met for the widespread clinical use of hydrogel delivery system of stem cell therapy for CKD.
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22
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Burks SR, Nagle ME, Bresler MN, Kim SJ, Star RA, Frank JA. Mesenchymal stromal cell potency to treat acute kidney injury increased by ultrasound-activated interferon-γ/interleukin-10 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6015-6025. [PMID: 30216653 PMCID: PMC6237567 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapies combined with renal pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) pretreatment increase MSC homing and improve cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) better than MSC alone. However, mechanisms underlying improved outcomes remain unknown. We hypothesize pFUS up-regulates renal interferon-γ (IFNγ) and stimulates MSC to produce interleukin-10 (IL-10) after migrating to kidneys. To demonstrate initially, MSC cultured with IFNγ up-regulated IL-10. More MSC-derived IL-10 was detected in kidneys when IFNγ-stimulated MSC were infused and they improved AKI better than unstimulated MSC. Next, IFNγ-knockout mice with AKI received pFUS+MSC, but MSC-derived IL-10 expression and AKI were similar to using MSC alone. AKI in wild-type mice receiving pFUS and IL-10-deficient MSC was also unimproved compared to administering IL-10-deficient MSC alone. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an anti-inflammatory enzyme up-regulated in MSC by IFNγ, was up-regulated during AKI, but was not further elevated in MSC from pFUS-treated kidneys, suggesting that IDO is not involved in improved AKI healing by pFUS+MSC. These data suggest IFNγ is up-regulated by pFUS and after i.v.-infused MSC home to pFUS-treated kidneys, IFNγ stimulates additional IL-10 production by MSC to improve AKI. Analogous mechanisms of ultrasound-treated tissue microenvironments stimulating therapeutic MSC may exist in other pathologies where adjuvant ultrasound techniques are successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Burks
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthew E Nagle
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michele N Bresler
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Saejeong J Kim
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert A Star
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph A Frank
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, Maryland
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Wang X, Wang S, Zhou Y, Obulkasim H, Zhang ZH, Dai B, Zhu W, Shi XL. BM‑MSCs protect against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via HO‑1 mediated autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2253-2262. [PMID: 29956785 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is considered to be a contributing factor in liver injury following major hepatic resection or liver transplantation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‑MSCs) have the potential to protect against liver I/R injury; however, the precise mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. Autophagy serves an important role in protecting against various injuries, including I/R injury. The present study aimed to determine the role of autophagy and its potential regulatory mechanism in BM‑MSC‑mediated protection against liver I/R injury in rats. The results demonstrated that BM‑MSCs mitigated I/R injury and enhanced autophagy in vivo. In addition, inhibition of autophagy by 3‑methyladenine reversed the positive effects of BM‑MSCs. Furthermore, heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) expression was promoted by BM‑MSCs. Using zinc protoporphyrin IX to inhibit HO‑1 demonstrated that HO‑1 was important for the promotion of autophagy. In conclusion, the present study revealed that BM‑MSCs protected against liver I/R injury via the promotion of HO‑1‑mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Halmurat Obulkasim
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Heng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Torres Crigna A, Daniele C, Gamez C, Medina Balbuena S, Pastene DO, Nardozi D, Brenna C, Yard B, Gretz N, Bieback K. Stem/Stromal Cells for Treatment of Kidney Injuries With Focus on Preclinical Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:179. [PMID: 29963554 PMCID: PMC6013716 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last years, the use of stem cells (embryonic, induced pluripotent stem cells, or hematopoietic stem cells), Progenitor cells (e.g., endothelial progenitor cells), and most intensely mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) has emerged as a promising cell-based therapy for several diseases including nephropathy. For patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), dialysis or finally organ transplantation are the only therapeutic modalities available. Since ESRD is associated with a high healthcare expenditure, MSC therapy represents an innovative approach. In a variety of preclinical and clinical studies, MSC have shown to exert renoprotective properties, mediated mainly by paracrine effects, immunomodulation, regulation of inflammation, secretion of several trophic factors, and possibly differentiation to renal precursors. However, studies are highly diverse; thus, knowledge is still limited regarding the exact mode of action, source of MSC in comparison to other stem cell types, administration route and dose, tracking of cells and documentation of therapeutic efficacy by new imaging techniques and tissue visualization. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of published studies of stem cell therapy in acute and chronic kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, and kidney transplantation. Preclinical studies with allogeneic or xenogeneic cell therapy were first addressed, followed by a summary of clinical trials carried out with autologous or allogeneic hMSC. Studies were analyzed with respect to source of cell type, mechanism of action etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Torres Crigna
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cristina Daniele
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Centre, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolina Gamez
- Department for Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Centre (OUZ), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sara Medina Balbuena
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endrocrinology/Rheumathology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Diego O. Pastene
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endrocrinology/Rheumathology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniela Nardozi
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Centre, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cinzia Brenna
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Centre, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito Yard
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endrocrinology/Rheumathology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Centre, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
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25
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Liu L, Xu L, Zhang S, Wang D, Dong G, Chen H, Li X, Shu C, Wang R. STF-083010, an inhibitor of XBP1 splicing, attenuates acute renal failure in rats by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and inflammation. Exp Anim 2018; 67:373-382. [PMID: 29695649 PMCID: PMC6083033 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the driving forces of ischemia/reperfusion
(IR)-induced acute renal failure (ARF). STF-083010, an inhibitor of the endonuclease
activity of inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), has the potential to block the initiation
of a prolonged unfolded protein response (UPR) that is stimulated by ER stress and
alleviates the impairments due to ER stress. In the current study, it was hypothesized
that STF-083010 was capable of ameliorating ER stress-related damages in IR-induced ARF.
Rats were administrated with STF-083010 and were subjected to induction of ARF using a
ligation method. Then the effect of STF-083010 administration on the renal structure and
function, oxidative stress, and inflammation in model rats was assessed. Furthermore, the
levels of expression of UPR members and downstream effectors regulating apoptosis were
detected as well. The results showed that establishment of the ARF model induced ER stress
and impaired the renal structure and function. Administration of STF-083010 ameliorated
impairments in the structure and function of the kidneys and the effect was associated
with the suppressed oxidative stress and inflammation. At the molecular level, STF-083010
inhibited the prolonged UPR by downregulating the expressions of GRP78, p-IRE1, XBP1s,
CHOP, and caspase 3, partially explaining the decreased apoptotic rate. The current study
evaluated the potential of STF-083010 in treating ER stress-induced symptoms in ARF for
the first time, and the findings demonstrated that STF-083010 resulted in effective
treatment outcomes of ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Blood Purification, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Guoxia Dong
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Hanwen Chen
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Chi Shu
- High-tech Zone Laboratory of Public Test and Analysis Service, 18-32 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110179, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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26
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Li Y, Liu J, Liao G, Zhang J, Chen Y, Li L, Li L, Liu F, Chen B, Guo G, Wang C, Yang L, Cheng J, Lu Y. Early intervention with mesenchymal stem cells prevents nephropathy in diabetic rats by ameliorating the inflammatory microenvironment. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2629-2639. [PMID: 29484379 PMCID: PMC5846648 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes and represents the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment has been demonstrated to be effective in DN models by reducing albuminuria and attenuating glomerular injury; however, limited in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanism and a lack of clinical trials hinders its clinical use. Additionally, most of these experimental studies were conducted on the advanced stage of nephropathy, which is difficult to reverse and consequently showed limited therapeutic efficacy. We sought to evaluate whether early intervention by MSCs has the potential to prevent DN onset and progression as well as protect kidney function when intravenously administered to rats with diabetes. Diabetes was induced in adult male SD rats by streptozotocin (STZ) injection (55 mg/kg, i.p.). The diabetic rats were injected with or without bone marrow-derived MSCs (5×106 per rat), via tail vein at 2, 4, 5 and 7 weeks after diabetes onset. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) levels in serum samples and glycosuria (GLU), microalbumin (MAU), and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) in urine samples were determined. Renal pathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD68, MCP-1, fibronectin (FN), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also performed. Expression levels of the above factors as well as interleukin-10 (IL-10), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were assessed by qPCR and multiplex bead-based suspension array system, respectively. Additionally, MSC tracing in vivo was performed. Ex vivo, peritoneal macrophages were co-cultured with MSCs, and expression of inflammatory cytokines was detected as well. MSC treatment profoundly suppressed renal macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine secretion in diabetic rats, resulting in prominently improved kidney histology, systemic homeostasis, and animal survival, although no significant effect on hyperglycemia was observed. Engrafted MSCs were primarily localized in deteriorated areas of the kidney and immune organs 48 h after infusion. MSC treatment upregulated serum anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and EGF. Ex vivo, MSCs inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophage activation via the downregulation of inflammatory-related cytokines such as IL-6, MCP-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1β. Our results demonstrated that early intervention with MSCs prevented renal injury via immune regulation in diabetic rats, which restored the homeostasis of the immune microenvironment, contributing to the prevention of kidney dysfunction and glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guangneng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Gang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chengshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lichuan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yangrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Rashed LA, Elattar S, Eltablawy N, Ashour H, Mahmoud LM, El-Esawy Y. Mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with melatonin ameliorate kidney functions in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:564-571. [PMID: 29425466 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a regenerative therapy comprising mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) pretreated with melatonin (MT) as a new therapy for underlying diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis in a rat model, and its possible effect on autophagy protein Beclin-1. Forty adult male albino Wistar rats were distributed among 4 groups: (i) control, (ii) DN, (iii) MSC-treated, and (iv) treated with MSCs that were pre-incubated in-vitro with MT (5 μmol·L-1 for 24 h; MSCs + MT). MSCs treatment significantly improved the renal functions and ameliorated the measured underlying DN pathogenesis and elevation of Beclin-1 protein levels compared with the DN group. In-vitro pretreatment of MSCs with MT enhanced proliferation and efficiency, and thus improved the kidney functions by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and Beclin-1, and decreasing transforming growth factor (TGF-β) markers in the kidney tissue, compared with the MSC group (P < 0.05). In conclusion: MSCs represent a promising target in DN management, and their effect can be intensified by pretreatment with MT. The elevated levels of Beclin-1 could be a mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Ahmed Rashed
- a Department of Biochemistry, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah Elattar
- b Department of Physiology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Eltablawy
- b Department of Physiology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend Ashour
- b Department of Physiology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Mohamed Mahmoud
- b Department of Physiology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin El-Esawy
- c Department of Pathology, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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28
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Ibrahim MET, Bana EE, El-Kerdasy HI. Role of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Protective Effect of Silymarin in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Renal Failure in Rats. Am J Med Sci 2018; 355:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Required Time for Migration of Bone Marrow-derived Cells to Dental Pulp after Bone Marrow Transplantation. J Endod 2017; 44:438-445. [PMID: 29275852 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the time required for bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) from transgenic green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ donor mice (GFP+ mice) to migrate into the dental pulp of wild-type GFP- recipient mice (GFP- mice) by using bone marrow transplantation (BMT) as an in vivo model for tracking BMDCs from GFP+ mice (GFP+ BMDCs). METHODS GFP+ BMDCs were injected into irradiated GFP- mice. Maxillary arches, tibiae, and femora from GFP- mice were isolated and processed at 24 hours, 48 hours, 4, 7, and 14 days, and 7 weeks after BMT. Confocal laser microscopy analyses were performed to assess the presence of GFP+ BMDCs in the dental pulp, and flow cytometry of BM was performed to confirm the efficiency of engraftment of GFP+ BMDCs. RESULTS Confocal laser microscopy analyses evidenced the presence of GFP+ BMDCs in the dental pulp of GFP- mice from 14 days to 7 weeks after BMT. There was no presence of GFP+ BMDCs at 24 hours, 48 hours, 4 days, and 7 days. Flow cytometry of the BM of GFP- mice demonstrated a constant increase in the presence of GFP+ BMDCs at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 4 days after BMT, which stabilized from 7 days to 7 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated the presence of GFP+ BMDCs in the dental pulp from 14 days to 7 weeks after BMT and the feasibility of using GFP+ animals and BMT as an in vivo model for tracking GFP+ BMDCs.
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Teixeira FG, Serra SC, Salgado AJ. Tips on How to Collect and Administer the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome for Central Nervous System Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1416:457-65. [PMID: 27236689 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3584-0_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been proposed as possible therapeutic agents for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Recently, it has been suggested that their effects are mostly mediated through their secretome, which contains a number of neuroregulatory molecules capable of increasing cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in different physiological conditions. Here, we present an overview of the hMSC secretome as a possible candidate in the creation of new cell-free therapies, demonstrating the process of its collection and route of administration, focusing our attention on their effects in CNS regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - S C Serra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - A J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Su N, Gao PL, Wang K, Wang JY, Zhong Y, Luo Y. Fibrous scaffolds potentiate the paracrine function of mesenchymal stem cells: A new dimension in cell-material interaction. Biomaterials 2017; 141:74-85. [PMID: 28667901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
While the studies on the material interaction with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been mainly focused on the ability of materials to provide environment to regulate cell viability, proliferation or differentiation, the therapeutic effects of MSC-material constructs may result from the secretion of immunomodulatory and angiogenic cytokines from MSCs. Here, electrospun scaffolds composed of fibers in random, aligned and mesh-like patterns were fabricated, and the paracrine behavior of adipose-derived MSCs (Ad-MSCs) on the scaffolds were investigated in comparison to the cell culture via conventional microplates. It was found that the Ad-MSCs on the electrospun fibers produced significantly higher levels of anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokines compared to those cultured on microplates. The enhanced modulatory effects of the secreted products of Ad-MSCs on fibrous electrospun scaffolds were also proven in the cultures of endothelial cells and the LPS-stimulated macrophages, with three types of scaffolds showing distinct influences on the paracrine function of Ad-MSCs. In a skin excisional wound-healing model in rat, the conditioned medium collected from the MSC-scaffold system accelerated the wound closure, promoted the macrophage recruitment and enhanced the polarization of macrophages toward the pro-healing phenotype in the wound bed. Our study demonstrates that the fibrous topography of scaffolds is a key material property that modulates the paracrine function of cells. The discovery elucidates a new aspect of material functions, laying the foundation for developing scaffold materials to promote tissue regeneration/repair through guiding the paracrine signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Room 206, Fangzheng Building, 298 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng-Lai Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Room 206, Fangzheng Building, 298 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Room 206, Fangzheng Building, 298 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jin-Yang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Room 206, Fangzheng Building, 298 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Room 206, Fangzheng Building, 298 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Room 206, Fangzheng Building, 298 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Transplantation of bone marrow-derived MSCs improves renal function and Na++K+-ATPase activity in rats with renovascular hypertension. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:287-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Li W, Wang L, Chu X, Cui H, Bian Y. Icariin combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells significantly improve the impaired kidney function in chronic renal failure. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 428:203-212. [PMID: 28116543 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
At present, the main therapy for chronic renal failure (CRF) is dialysis and renal transplantation, but neither obtains satisfactory results. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (huMSCs) are isolated from the fetal umbilical cord which has a high self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation potential. Icariin (ICA), a kidney-tonifying Chinese Medicine can enhance the multipotency of huMSCs. Therefore, this work seeks to employ the use of ICA-treated huMSCs for the treatment of chronic renal failure. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine (Cr) analyses showed amelioration of functional parameters in ICA-treated huMSCs for the treatment of CRF rats at 3, 7, and 14 days after transplantation. ICA-treated huMSCs can obviously increase the number of cells in injured renal tissues at 3, 7, and 14 days after transplantation by optical molecular imaging system. Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated that ICA-treated huMSCs reduced the levels of fibrosis in CRF rats at 14 days after transplantation. Superoxide dismutase and Malondialdehyde analyses showed that ICA-treated huMSCs reduced the oxidative damage in CRF rats. Moreover, transplantation with ICA-treated huMSCs decreased inflammatory responses, promoted the expression of growth factors, and protected injured renal tissues. Taken together, our findings suggest that ICA-treated huMSCs could improve the kidney function in CRF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li Wang
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chu
- Tianjin People's Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Huantian Cui
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yuhong Bian
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Fontana J, Vogt A, Hohenstein A, Vettermann U, Doroshenko E, Lammer E, Yard BA, Hoeger S. Impact of Steroids on the Inflammatory Response after Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury in Rats. Indian J Nephrol 2017; 27:365-371. [PMID: 28904432 PMCID: PMC5590413 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_40_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in acute kidney injury (AKI). The current study was designed to analyze the influence of prednisolone treatment on the inflammatory reaction during the first 96 h after AKI induction in a rat model. AKI was induced by unilateral clipping of the renal vessels. The treatment group received prednisolone 5 mg/kg s.c. daily. Infiltration rates of macrophages, leukocytes, and T-cells (24, 96 h) as well as plasma concentrations of the inflammatory markers intercellular adhesion molecule, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-18, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (0, 6, 24, 96 h) were determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis only. Ninety-six hours after AKI induction, the prednisolone group demonstrated significantly lower creatinine concentrations compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Twenty-four hours after induction of AKI, a significantly higher rate of infiltrating leukocytes was detectable with FACS analysis in the control group (P < 0.01) with a corresponding significantly higher rate of macrophages after 96 h (P < 0.01). IL-6 and IL-1β demonstrated a peak after 6 h with a significantly higher release in the control group (IL-6: P < 0.01; IL-1β: P < 0.05). In contrast to the control group, the prednisolone group demonstrated no further incline of IL-18 after 24 h. The results demonstrate the importance of stretching the observation period in an ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI setting beyond the first 24 h. Despite the demonstrated protective effects of a continuous prednisolone application, it seems that this single anti-inflammatory agent will not be able to completely suppress the inflammatory response after an ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fontana
- Department of Anesthesiology, Klinikum Memmingen, Memmingen, Germany
| | - A Vogt
- Bioassay GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - E Lammer
- Bioassay GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B A Yard
- Vth Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Hoeger
- Bioassay GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zou X, Gu D, Zhang G, Zhong L, Cheng Z, Liu G, Zhu Y. NK Cell Regulatory Property is Involved in the Protective Role of MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Ischemic Reperfusion Injury. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:926-935. [PMID: 27510907 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulation has been regarded as an important therapeutic aspect of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) in renal ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI), and the specific mechanism still unclear. Here, we attempt to test the function of human MSC-EVs on renal IRI by targeting the natural killer (NK) cells and to investigate the possible mechanism. Data indicated that EVs decreased NK cells in spleen and ischemic kidney. Both the EVs and antibody-dependent depletion of NK cells displayed a protective role in IRI rats. Moreover, the splenectomy model was established to evaluate the role of spleen in this process. It showed that the NK cell regulatory ability and renal protective effects by EVs still exist without spleen, which is unlike MSC properties published previously. Further, the down-regulation of chemokines in injured kidney and the delivery of RNAs through EVs in vitro were also observed. Through the microRNA array test, various inflammation-related microRNAs highly expressed in MSC-EVs compared with fibroblast EVs were tested. Thus, these results indicated that MSC-EVs could ameliorate renal ischemic reperfusion injury by decreasing NK cells and the spleen is not necessary in this process. The regulation of chemokines in injured kidney was the other factor, and the transfer of various microRNAs in the MSC-EVs may be involved. This provides direction for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zou
- 1 Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
| | - Di Gu
- 1 Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhang
- 1 Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- 3 Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
| | | | - Guohua Liu
- 1 Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjian Zhu
- 1 Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
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Yuan L, Liu HQ, Wu MJ. Human embryonic mesenchymal stem cells participate in differentiation of renal tubular cells in newborn mice. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:641-648. [PMID: 27446255 PMCID: PMC4950250 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are used with increasing success in the treatment of renal tubular injury. However, whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiate into renal tubular epithelial cells remains controversial. The aims of the present study were to observe the localization of human embryonic MSCs (hMSCs) in the kidneys of newborn mice, and to investigate hMSC differentiation into tubular epithelium. Primary culture hMSCs were derived from 4–7-week-old embryos and labeled with the cell membrane fluorescent dye PKH-26. The degree of apoptosis, cell growth, differentiation and localization of hMSCs with and without this label were then determined using immunohistochemical methods and flow cytometry. hMSCs and PKH26-labeled hMSCs were revealed to differentiate into chondrocytes and adipocytes, and were demonstrated to have similar proliferative capability. In the two cell types, the antigens CD34 and CD45, indicative of hematopoietic lineages, were not expressed; however, the expression of the mesenchymal markers CD29 and CD90 in MSCs, was significantly increased. During a 4-week culture period, laser confocal microscopy revealed that PKH26-labeled hMSCs in the kidneys of newborn mice gradually dispersed. Two weeks after the injection of the PKH26-labeled cells, the percentage of PKH26-labeled hMSCs localized to the renal tubules was 10±2.1%. In conclusion, PKH26 labeling has no effect on hMSC differentiation, proliferation and mesenchymal cell surface features, and hMSCs injected into the kidneys of newborn mice may transform to renal tubule epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hou-Qi Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Min-Juan Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Gu SY, Yeh TY, Lin SY, Peng FC. Unfractionated bone marrow cells attenuate paraquat-induced glomerular injury and acute renal failure by modulating the inflammatory response. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23287. [PMID: 26988026 PMCID: PMC4796871 DOI: 10.1038/srep23287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of unfractionated bone marrow cells (BMCs) in attenuating acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by paraquat (PQ) in a mouse model. PQ (55 mg/kg BW) was intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6 female mice to induce AKI, including renal function failure, glomerular damage and renal tubule injury. Glomerular podocytes were the first target damaged by PQ, which led to glomerular injury. Upon immunofluorescence staining, podocytes depletion was validated and accompanied by increased urinary podocin levels, measured on days 1 and 6. A total of 5.4 × 10(6) BMCs obtained from the same strain of male mice were injected into AKI mice through the tail vein at 3, 24, and 48 hours after PQ administration. As a result, renal function increased, tubular and glomerular injury were ameliorated, podocytes loss improved, and recipient mortality decreased. In addition, BMCs co-treatment decreased the extent of neutrophil infiltration and modulated the inflammatory response by shifting from pro-inflammatory Th1 to an anti-inflammatory Th2 profile, where IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels declined and IL-10 and IL-4 levels increased. The present study provides a platform to investigate PQ-induced AKI and repeated BMCs injection represents an efficient therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Yi Gu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Yen Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chuo Peng
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sheashaa H, Lotfy A, Elhusseini F, Aziz AA, Baiomy A, Awad S, Alsayed A, El-Gilany AH, Saad MAAA, Mahmoud K, Zahran F, Salem DA, Sarhan A, Ghaffar HA, Sobh M. Protective effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells against acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1573-1580. [PMID: 27168775 PMCID: PMC4840483 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex clinical condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality and lacking effective management. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains one of the leading causes of AKI in native and transplanted kidneys. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in the prevention of renal IRI in rats. The study was conducted on male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=72) weighing 250-300 g. Rats were randomly assigned to three main groups: i) Sham-operated control group (n=24); ii) positive control group, in which rats were subjected to IRI and were administered culture media following 4 h of IRI (n=24); and iii) ADSC group (n=24), in which rats were administered 1×106 ADSCs via the tail vein following 4 h of IRI. Each main group was further divided according to the timing after IRI into four equal-sized subgroups. Renal function was tested via the measurement of serum creatinine levels and creatinine clearance. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in serum and renal tissue homogenate as an indicator of oxidative stress. Histopathological changes were analyzed in different regions of the kidney, namely the cortex, outer stripe of the outer medulla (OSOM), inner stripe of the outer medulla (ISOM) and inner medulla. In each region, the scoring system considered active injury changes, regenerative changes and chronic changes. The ADSCs were assessed and their differentiation capability was verified. IRI resulted in a significant increase in serum creatinine, serum and tissue MDA levels and a significant reduction in creatinine clearance compared with those in sham-operated rats,. These changes were attenuated by the use of ADSCs. The prominent histopathological changes in the cortex, ISOM and OSOM were reflected in the injury score, which was significantly evident in the positive control group. The use of ADSCs was associated with significantly lowered injury scores at days 1 and 3; however, no significant effect was observed on day 7. These results indicate that the use of ADSCs ameliorates renal injury and dysfunction associated with IRI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Sheashaa
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Lotfy
- Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma Elhusseini
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Azza Abdel Aziz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Azza Baiomy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Samah Awad
- Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Aziza Alsayed
- Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed-Ahdy A A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Khaled Mahmoud
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Faten Zahran
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44516, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Salem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sarhan
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hassan Abdel Ghaffar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sobh
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Whalen H, Shiels P, Littlejohn M, Clancy M. A novel rodent model of severe renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1694-1701. [PMID: 26887330 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1144024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major problem, currently without treatments in clinical use. This reflects the failure of animal models to mimic the severity of IRI observed in clinical practice. Most described models lack both the ability to inflict a permanent reduction in renal function and the sensitivity to demonstrate the protective efficacy of different therapies in vivo. To test novel cell-based therapies, we have developed a model of renal IRI in Fisher 344 rats. Animals were subjected to 120 min of unilateral warm ischemia, during which they underwent an intra-renal artery infusion of therapeutic agents or vehicle. At either 2 or 6 weeks post-surgery, animals underwent terminal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) studies by inulin clearance to most accurately quantify renal function. Harvested kidneys underwent histological analysis. Compared to sham operations, saline treated animals suffered a long-term reduction in GFR of ≈50%. Histology revealed short- and long-term disruption of renal architecture. Despite the injury severity, post-operative animal losses are <5%. This model produces a severe, consistent renal injury that closely replicates the pathological processes encountered in clinical medicine. Renal artery infusion mimics the route likely employed in clinical transplantation, where the renal artery is accessible. Inulin clearance characterizes GFR, allowing full assessment of therapeutic intervention. This model is useful for screening therapeutic agents prior to testing in a transplant model. This reduces animal numbers needed to test drugs for clinical transplantation and allows for refinement of dosing schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Whalen
- a College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK.,b Department of Renal Transplantation , South Glasgow University Hospital , Glasgow , UK
| | - Paul Shiels
- a College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Marc Littlejohn
- a College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Marc Clancy
- b Department of Renal Transplantation , South Glasgow University Hospital , Glasgow , UK
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Improving the outcome of kidney transplantation by ameliorating renal ischemia reperfusion injury: lost in translation? J Transl Med 2016; 14:20. [PMID: 26791565 PMCID: PMC4721068 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice in patients with end stage renal disease. During kidney transplantation ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs, which is a risk factor for acute kidney injury, delayed graft function and acute and chronic rejection. Kidneys from living donors show a superior short- and long-term graft survival compared with deceased donors. However, the shortage of donor kidneys has resulted in expansion of the donor pool by using not only living- and brain death donors but also kidneys from donation after circulatory death and from extended criteria donors. These grafts are associated with an increased sensitivity to IRI and decreased graft outcome due to prolonged ischemia and donor comorbidity. Therefore, preventing or ameliorating IRI may improve graft survival. Animal experiments focus on understanding the mechanism behind IRI and try to find methods to minimize IRI either before, during or after ischemia. This review evaluates the different experimental strategies that have been investigated to prevent or ameliorate renal IRI. In addition, we review the current state of translation to the clinical setting. Experimental research has contributed to the development of strategies to prevent or ameliorate IRI, but promising results in animal studies have not yet been successfully translated to clinical use.
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Meyer-Schwesinger C. The Role of Renal Progenitors in Renal Regeneration. Nephron Clin Pract 2016; 132:101-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000442180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Alestalo K, Miettinen JA, Vuolteenaho O, Huikuri H, Lehenkari P. Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Transplantation Restores Inflammatory Balance of Cytokines after ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145094. [PMID: 26690350 PMCID: PMC4687062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) launches an inflammatory response and a repair process to compensate cardiac function. During this process, the balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is important for optimal cardiac repair. Stem cell transplantation after AMI improves tissue repair and increases the ventricular ejection fraction. Here, we studied in detail the acute effect of bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMNC) transplantation on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods Patients with STEMI treated with thrombolysis followed by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomly assigned to receive either BMMNC or saline as an intracoronary injection. Cardiac function was evaluated by left ventricle angiogram during the PCI and again after 6 months. The concentrations of 27 cytokines were measured from plasma samples up to 4 days after the PCI and the intracoronary injection. Results Twenty-six patients (control group, n = 12; BMMNC group, n = 14) from the previously reported FINCELL study (n = 80) were included to this study. At day 2, the change in the proinflammatory cytokines correlated with the change in the anti-inflammatory cytokines in both groups (Kendall’s tau, control 0.6; BMMNC 0.7). At day 4, the correlation had completely disappeared in the control group but was preserved in the BMMNC group (Kendall’s tau, control 0.3; BMMNC 0.7). Conclusions BMMNC transplantation is associated with preserved balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines after STEMI in PCI-treated patients. This may partly explain the favorable effect of stem cell transplantation after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Alestalo
- Surgery Clinic, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Johanna A. Miettinen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Vuolteenaho
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Surgery Clinic, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Robinson AM, Miller S, Payne N, Boyd R, Sakkal S, Nurgali K. Neuroprotective Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy in Acute Stages of TNBS-Induced Colitis in Guinea-Pigs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139023. [PMID: 26397368 PMCID: PMC4580595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), such as homing ability, multipotent differentiation capacity and secretion of soluble bioactive factors which exert neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, have been attributed to attenuation of autoimmune, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we aimed to determine the earliest time point at which locally administered MSC-based therapies avert enteric neuronal loss and damage associated with intestinal inflammation in the guinea-pig model of colitis. Methods At 3 hours after induction of colitis by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonate (TNBS), guinea-pigs received either human bone marrow-derived MSCs, conditioned medium (CM), or unconditioned medium by enema into the colon. Colon tissues were collected 6, 24 and 72 hours after administration of TNBS. Effects on body weight, gross morphological damage, immune cell infiltration and myenteric neurons were evaluated. RT-PCR, flow cytometry and antibody array kit were used to identify neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors released by MSCs. Results MSC and CM treatments prevented body weight loss, reduced infiltration of leukocytes into the colon wall and the myenteric plexus, facilitated repair of damaged tissue and nerve fibers, averted myenteric neuronal loss, as well as changes in neuronal subpopulations. The neuroprotective effects of MSC and CM treatments were observed as early as 24 hours after induction of inflammation even though the inflammatory reaction at the level of the myenteric ganglia had not completely subsided. Substantial number of neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors released by MSCs was identified in their secretome. Conclusion MSC-based therapies applied at the acute stages of TNBS-induced colitis start exerting their neuroprotective effects towards enteric neurons by 24 hours post treatment. The neuroprotective efficacy of MSC-based therapies can be exerted independently to their anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley M. Robinson
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Miller
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalie Payne
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Boyd
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Laks M, Freitas-Filho LG, Sayeg K, Leite MTC, Teixeira LC. Penile reconstruction using mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:529-36. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150080000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Proregenerative Microenvironment Triggered by Donor Mesenchymal Stem Cells Preserves Renal Function and Structure in Mice with Severe Diabetes Mellitus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:164703. [PMID: 26167475 PMCID: PMC4475763 DOI: 10.1155/2015/164703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our work was to evaluate, in an animal model of severe diabetes mellitus, the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) administration on diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression. After diabetes induction, one group of mice received the vehicle (DM) and other group received a single dose of MSCs (DM + MSCs). DM + MSCs mice showed a significant improvement in functional parameters of the kidney compared with untreated mice. While DM mice presented marked histopathological changes characteristics of advanced stages of DN (fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, glomerular basement membrane thickening, capillary occlusion, decreased podocyte density, and effacement of foot processes), DM + MSCs mice showed only slight tubular dilatation. The renoprotection was not associated with an improvement in diabetic condition and very low number of donor cells was found in the kidney of DM + MSCs mice, suggesting that renoprotection could be mediated by paracrine effects. Indeed, DM + MSC mice presented increased renal proliferation index, decreased renal apoptotic index and the restoration of proregenerative factors, and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels. Moreover, macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress damage were also reduced in DM + MSCs mice. Our data demonstrate that MSC administration triggers a proregenerative microenvironment in DN kidney, which allows the preservation of the renal function even if diabetes was uncorrected.
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Mechanisms of maladaptive repair after AKI leading to accelerated kidney ageing and CKD. Nat Rev Nephrol 2015; 11:264-76. [PMID: 25643664 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is an increasingly common complication of hospital admission and is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality. A hypotensive, septic, or toxic insult can initiate a cascade of events, resulting in impaired microcirculation, activation of inflammatory pathways and tubular cell injury or death. These processes ultimately result in acutely impaired kidney function and initiation of a repair response. This Review explores the various mechanisms responsible for the initiation and propagation of acute kidney injury, the prototypic mechanisms by which a substantially damaged kidney can regenerate its normal architecture, and how the adaptive processes of repair can become maladaptive. These mechanisms, which include G2/M cell-cycle arrest, cell senescence, profibrogenic cytokine production, and activation of pericytes and interstitial myofibroblasts, contribute to the development of progressive fibrotic kidney disease. The end result is a state that mimics accelerated kidney ageing. These mechanisms present important opportunities for the design of targeted therapeutic strategies to promote adaptive renal recovery and minimize progressive fibrosis and chronic kidney disease after acute insults.
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Cell-based therapy for acute organ injury: preclinical evidence and ongoing clinical trials using mesenchymal stem cells. Anesthesiology 2014; 121:1099-121. [PMID: 25211170 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Critically ill patients often suffer from multiple organ failures involving lung, kidney, liver, or brain. Genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches highlight common injury mechanisms leading to acute organ failure. This underlines the need to focus on therapeutic strategies affecting multiple injury pathways. The use of adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSC) may represent a promising new therapeutic approach as increasing evidence shows that MSC can exert protective effects following injury through the release of promitotic, antiapoptotic, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory soluble factors. Furthermore, they can mitigate metabolomic and oxidative stress imbalance. In this work, the authors review the biological capabilities of MSC and the results of clinical trials using MSC as therapy in acute organ injuries. Although preliminary results are encouraging, more studies concerning safety and efficacy of MSC therapy are needed to determine their optimal clinical use. (ANESTHESIOLOGY 2014; 121:1099-121).
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Huuskes BM, Wise AF, Cox AJ, Lim EX, Payne NL, Kelly DJ, Samuel CS, Ricardo SD. Combination therapy of mesenchymal stem cells and serelaxin effectively attenuates renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. FASEB J 2014; 29:540-53. [PMID: 25395452 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-254789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results from the development of fibrosis, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can accelerate renal repair following acute injury, the establishment of fibrosis during CKD may affect their potential to influence regeneration capacity. Here we tested the novel combination of MSCs with the antifibrotic serelaxin to repair and protect the kidney 7 d post-unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), when fibrosis is established. Male C57BL6 mice were sham-operated or UUO-inured (n = 4-6) and received vehicle, MSCs (1 × 10(6)), serelaxin (0.5 mg/kg per d), or the combination of both. In vivo tracing studies with luciferin/enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-tagged MSCs showed specific localization in the obstructed kidney where they remained for 36 h. Combination therapy conferred significant protection from UUO-induced fibrosis, as indicated by hydroxyproline analysis (P < 0.001 vs. vehicle, P < 0.05 vs. MSC or serelaxin alone). This was accompanied by preserved structural architecture, decreased tubular epithelial injury (P < 0.01 vs. MSCs alone), macrophage infiltration, and myofibroblast localization in the kidney (both P < 0.01 vs. vehicle). Combination therapy also stimulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity over either treatment alone (P < 0.05 vs. either treatment alone). These results suggest that the presence of an antifibrotic in conjunction with MSCs ameliorates established kidney fibrosis and augments tissue repair to a greater extent than either treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M Huuskes
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea F Wise
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison J Cox
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ee X Lim
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie L Payne
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren J Kelly
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon D Ricardo
- *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; and Australia Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Gentile G, Mastroluca D, Ruggenenti P, Remuzzi G. Novel effective drugs for diabetic kidney disease? or not? Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2014; 19:571-601. [PMID: 25376947 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2014.979151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is increasingly common worldwide and is expected to affect 592 million people by 2035. The kidney is often involved. A key goal in treating diabetes is to reduce the risk of development of kidney disease and, if kidney disease is already present, to delay the progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This represents a social and ethical issue, as a significant proportion of patients reaching ESRD in developing countries do not have access to renal replacement therapy. AREAS COVERED The present review focuses on novel therapeutic approaches for diabetic nephropathy (DN), implemented on the basis of recent insights on its pathophysiology, which might complement the effects of single inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the cornerstone of renoprotective interventions in diabetes, along with glycemic and blood pressure control. EXPERT OPINION Although a plethora of new treatment options has arisen from experimental studies, the number of novel renoprotective molecules successfully implemented in clinical practice over the last two decades is disappointingly low. Thus, new investigational strategies and diagnostic tools - including the appropriate choice of relevant renal end points and the study of urinary proteome of patients - will be as important as new therapeutic interventions to fight DN. Finally, in spite of huge financial interests in replacing the less expensive ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with newer drugs, any future therapeutic approach has to be tested on top of - rather than instead of - optimal RAAS blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gentile
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases "Aldo e Cele Daccò" , Villa Camozzi, Via Giambattista Camozzi 3, 24020, Ranica, Bergamo , Italy +39 03545351 ; +39 0354535371 ;
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King A, Balaji S, Keswani SG, Crombleholme TM. The Role of Stem Cells in Wound Angiogenesis. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:614-625. [PMID: 25300298 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Revascularization plays a critical role in wound healing and is regulated by a complex milieu of growth factors and cytokines. Deficiencies in revascularization contribute to the development of chronic nonhealing wounds. Recent Advances: Stem-cell-based therapy provides a novel strategy to enhance angiogenesis and improve wound healing. With bioethical concerns associated with embryonic stem cells, focus has shifted to different populations of vascular precursors, isolated from adult somatic tissue. Three main populations have been identified: endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and induced-pluripotent stem cells. These populations demonstrate great promise to positively influence neovascularization and wound repair. Critical Issues: Further studies to more definitively define each population are necessary to efficiently translate stem-cell-based therapeutic angiogenesis to the bedside. Better understanding of the physiologic pathways of how stem cells contribute to angiogenesis in normal tissue repair will help identify targets for successful therapeutic angiogenesis. Future Directions: Active studies in both animal models and clinical trials are being conducted to develop effective delivery routes, including dosing, route, and timing. Stem-cell-based therapy holds significant potential as a strategy for therapeutic angiogenesis in the care of patients with chronic nonhealing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice King
- Laboratory for Regenerative Wound Healing, Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Laboratory for Regenerative Wound Healing, Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sundeep G. Keswani
- Laboratory for Regenerative Wound Healing, Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Timothy M. Crombleholme
- Center for Children's Surgery, Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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