A monoclonal antibody ameliorates local inflammation and osteoporosis by targeting TNF-α and RANKL

Higher modified dietary inflammatory index is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis in US adults: Data from NHANES

Objective

The aim of this study was to study the relationship between modified dietary inflammatory index (MDII) score with osteoporosis (OP) in adult Americans.

Methods

Data were extracted from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2013–2014, and 2017–2018). In this cross-sectional study, 5,446 participants were included and analyzed. Potential dietary inflammatory was assessed by MDII score (24-h recall), a composite method computed according to the relationship between nutrients and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine level, and was further classified into tertiles. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between OP and MDII scores.

Results

In weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, the highest tertile of MDII score was associated with an increased risk of OP [odds ratio (OR): 1.73, 95% confidence interval (95 CI%): 1.14–2.63]. In participants aged above 59 years, a higher MDII score showed a higher risk of OP (OR: 1.92; 95 CI%: 1.16–3.15). In the sex-stratified models, the results remained significant only among women (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.02–3.17). In the menopausal status stratified model, after adjusting potential confounding variables, the association between the MDII score, either as a categorical (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.07–3.13) or continuous variables (OR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.02–1.38), and OP risk was significant among postmenopausal women.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that a higher MDII score (pro-inflammatory effect) is significantly associated with an increased risk of OP in US adults, especially among those postmenopausal women more than 60 years. This study further supports that those dietary changes have the potential to prevent OP.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of Kadsura heteroclita stems, an anti-arthritic Chinese Tujia ethnomedicinal herb

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by failure of spontaneous resolution of inflammation. The stem of Kadsura heteroclite (KHS) is a well-known anti-arthritic Tujia ethnomedicinal plant, which named Xuetong in folk, has long been used for the prevention and treatment of rheumatic and arthritic diseases.

AIM OF THE STUDY

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and the potential mechanisms behind such effects of KHS would be investigated by using different animal models.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The abdominal writhing episodes of mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid and the tail-flick response induced by radiant heat stimulation were used to evaluate the analgesic effect of KHS. The number of abdominal writhing episodes of mice and the latency of tail-flick in rats were measured and recorded. In acute inflammatory models, the ear edema of mice was induced by applying xylene on the ear surface, while the paw edema of male and female rats was induced by subcutaneous injection of carrageenan into the right hind paws of animals. The carrageenan-induced paw swelling in rats were selected as an anti-acute inflammatory mechanism of KHS. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA, and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by Western blot.

RESULTS

The maximal tolerated single dose of KHS was determined to be 26 g/kg in both sexes of mice. Pharmacological studies showed that KHS at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly prolonged the reaction time of rats to radiant heat stimulation and suppressed abdominal writhing episodes of mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid. KHS at the dose of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, showed dose-dependent inhibition of xylene-induced ear swelling in mice. KHS at the dose of 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg demonstrated dose- and time-dependent suppression of paw edema induced by subcutaneous injection of carrageenan in both all rats. Mechanistic studies revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect of KHS was associated with inhibition of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and effectively decreased the expression of COX and iNOS proteins in the carrageenan-injected rat serum, paw tissues and inflammatory exudates. The positive reference drug, rotundine at a dosage of 100 mg/kg and indomethacin at a dosage of 10 mg/kg were used in both mice and rat models.

CONCLUSION

These results suggested that KHS has significant effects on analgesia and anti-inflammation with decreasing the pro-inflammation cytokines of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and inhibiting the proteins expression of COX-2 and iNOS.

Depleting the carboxy-terminus of human Wnt5a attenuates collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice

Wnt5a signalling plays pathological roles in synovial inflammation and bone destruction. In the present study, we designed four human Wnt5a-based DNA recombinants and detected their effects on immunogenicity and anti-rheumatism in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. Histomorphometry and micro-CT scanning showed that the phWnt5a-NL was superior to other recombinants because it resulted in decreased severity of arthritis, histopathological scores of synovial inflammation and bone erosion in CIA mice. In addition, ELISA and TRAP staining showed that the phWnt5a-NL-immunized CIA mice had reductions in the serum concentrations of the rheumatoid-associated cytokines IL-1β and RANKL and in osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, flow cytometry showed that the phWnt5a-NL treatment increased the percentage of Treg cells. Finally, western blotting analysis showed that the phWnt5a-NL-immunization interrupted β-catenin and JNK expression in osteoclast precursors derived from the CIA mice. The results suggest that depleting the carboxy-terminus in hWnt5a-based DNA recombinants may be beneficial for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders involving bone resorption.

Adrenomedullin inhibits osteoclast differentiation through the suppression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced nuclear factor-κB activation in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

The current study aimed to improve the understanding on the association between adrenomedullin and osteoporosis in mice with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Bone resorption and osteoporosis-associated indexes, including maximum load, stiffness, energy to failure, ultimate strength, elastic modulus, post-yield displacement and post-yield displacement, in mice with osteoporosis were analyzed in order to evaluate the effect of adrenomedullin. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation was investigated subsequent to treatment with adrenomedullin in vitro. The results demonstrated that adrenomedullin significantly improved bone mass loss, density, bone strength and osteoporosis disease in the mice with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. In addition, adrenomedullin markedly improved the osteoporosis-associated NFATc1, TRAP, OSCAR and c-Fos expression levels. Furthermore, the current findings indicated that RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation was suppressed in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the data revealed that adrenomedullin significantly improved the osteoporotic symptoms through inhibition of RANKL-induced NF-κB activation in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. In conclusion, adrenomedullin serves an essential role in the progression of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, regulating the bone mass loss, density and strength through the NF-κB signaling pathway.

TNF-α and IL10 gene polymorphisms in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis

OBJECTIVE

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a common disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Proinflammatory cytokines are among the significant factors involved in bone turnover. They are the stimulants of bone resorption, acting directly on osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors. In this study, we examined the TNF-α (-308G>A) (rs1800629) and IL10 (-1082G>A) (rs1800896), (-592C>A) (rs1800872) polymorphisms in postmenopausal women with BMD T-scores less than and greater than or equal to -2.5 SD.

STUDY DESIGN

This study included 224 postmenopausal women with BMD T-scores lower than -2.5 SD (mean: -3.02±0.53) and 238 postmenopausal women with BMD T-scores -2.5 SD and greater (mean: -1.33±0.51).

RESULTS

There was a decrease in the frequency of IL10 1082 G allele carriers (GG and GA genotypes) in women with T-scores below -2.5 SD (GG+GA vs AA: OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.44-0.97, p=0.037). With regard to the TNF-α -308 G>A polymorphism, in the women with T-scores below -2.5 SD, the increased frequency of GG homozygotes and G allele carriers was detected (AA+GA vs GG: OR=0.54, 95% CI=0.35-0.82, p=0.004).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of our study suggest an association between TNF-α -308G>A and IL10 -1082G>A polymorphisms and postmenopausal osteoporosis.