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Singh R, Chandley P, Rohatgi S. Recent Advances in the Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Next-Generation Antibodies. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:886-897. [PMID: 38149884 PMCID: PMC10759153 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
mAbs are highly indispensable tools for diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic applications. The first technique, hybridoma technology, was based on fusion of B lymphocytes with myeloma cells, which resulted in generation of single mAbs against a specific Ag. Along with hybridoma technology, several novel and alternative methods have been developed to improve mAb generation, ranging from electrofusion to the discovery of completely novel technologies such as B cell immortalization; phage, yeast, bacterial, ribosome, and mammalian display systems; DNA/RNA encoded Abs; single B cell technology; transgenic animals; and artificial intelligence/machine learning. This commentary outlines the evolution, methodology, advantages, and limitations of various mAb production techniques. Furthermore, with the advent of next-generation Ab technologies such as single-chain variable fragments, nanobodies, bispecific Abs, Fc-engineered Abs, Ab biosimilars, Ab mimetics, and Ab-drug conjugates, the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors have become resourceful to develop highly specific mAb treatments against various diseases such as cancer and autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pankaj Chandley
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Soma Rohatgi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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2
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Lim HT, Kok BH, Leow CY, Leow CH. Exploring shark VNAR antibody against infectious diseases using phage display technology. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108986. [PMID: 37541634 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody with high affinity and specificity to antigen has widely used as a tool to combat various diseases. The variable domain of immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (VNAR) naturally found in shark contains autonomous function as single-domain antibody. Due to its excellent characteristics, the small, non-complex, and highly stable have made shark VNAR can acquires the antigen-binding capability that might not be reached by conventional antibody. Phage display technology enables shark VNAR to be presented on the surface of phage, allowing the exploration of shark VNAR as an alternative antibody format to target antigens from various infectious diseases. The application of phage-displayed shark VNAR in antibody library and biopanning eventually leads to the discovery and isolation of antigen-specific VNARs with diagnostic and therapeutic potential towards infectious diseases. This review provides an overview of the shark VNAR antibody, the types of phage display technology with comparison to the other types of display system, as well as the application and case studies of phage-displayed shark VNAR antibodies against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ting Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Boon Hui Kok
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Yee Leow
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
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3
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Liu Y, Jiao S, Chang Y, Lu X, Liu P, Zhao Y, Zha C, Shen L, Guo Y, Zhu G. High-affinity recombinant full-length antibody-based immunochromatographic strip assay for rapid and reliable detection of pyraclostrobin residues in food samples. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2020.1797640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shasha Jiao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Chang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinying Lu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyan Liu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changchun Zha
- Biointron Biological Inc., Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lirong Shen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yirong Guo
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Liu Y, Gu M, Wu Y, Wang W, Wang R, Du M, Ma P, Zhou X, Wang Y, Cao Y, Zhang H. High-throughput reformatting of phage-displayed antibody fragments to IgGs by one-step emulsion PCR. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 31:427-436. [PMID: 31096267 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is the most common format for phage display antibody library. The isolated scFvs need to be reformatted to full-length IgGs for further characterization. High throughput reformatting of scFv to IgG without disrupting VH-VL pairing is of great demanding for exhaustive screening of all antibodies in IgG format. Herein, we developed a strategy based on the overlap extension PCR in emulsion to reformat scFv to IgG while maintain the accuracy and complexity of variable region pairing. Using CD40 as an example target, we reformatted phage display derived CD40 binding scFv library to IgG mammalian display library and isolated high affinity CD40 binding IgGs. This robust and reliable antibody reformatting approach could be integrated into any phage display based antibody drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Manping Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruikun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingjuan Du
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingdong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Youjia Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China
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Arslan M, Karadağ D, Kalyoncu S. Protein engineering approaches for antibody fragments: directed evolution and rational design approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 43:1-12. [PMID: 30930630 PMCID: PMC6426644 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1809-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The number of therapeutic antibodies in preclinical, clinical, or approved phases has been increasing exponentially, mostly due to their known successes. Development of antibody engineering methods has substantially hastened the development of therapeutic antibodies. A variety of protein engineering techniques can be applied to antibodies to improve their afinity and/or biophysical properties such as solubility and stability. Antibody fragments (where all or some parts of constant regions are eliminated while the essential antigen binding region is preserved) are more suitable for protein engineering techniques because there are many in vitro screening technologies available for antibody fragments but not full-length antibodies. Improvement of biophysical characteristics is important in the early development phase because most antibodies fail at the later stage of development and this leads to loss of resources and time. Here, we review directed evolution and rational design methods to improve antibody properties. Recent developments in rational design approaches and antibody display technologies, and especially phage display, which was recently awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize, are discussed to be used in antibody research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Arslan
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center , İzmir , Turkey.,İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University , İzmir , Turkey
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Nucleic Acid Aptamers: An Emerging Tool for Biotechnology and Biomedical Sensing. SENSORS 2015; 15:16281-313. [PMID: 26153774 PMCID: PMC4541879 DOI: 10.3390/s150716281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection of small molecules or proteins of living cells provides an exceptional opportunity to study genetic variations and functions, cellular behaviors, and various diseases including cancer and microbial infections. Our aim in this review is to give an overview of selected research activities related to nucleic acid-based aptamer techniques that have been reported in the past two decades. Limitations of aptamers and possible approaches to overcome these limitations are also discussed.
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