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Wu W, Song L, Wang H, Feng L, Li Z, Li Y, Li L, Peng L. Supercritical CO 2 fluid extract from Stellariae Radix ameliorates 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis by inhibit M1 macrophages polarization via AMPK activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3188-3197. [PMID: 38356236 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Yin chai hu (Radix Stellariae) is a root medicine that is frequently used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat fever and malnutrition. In modern medicine, it has been discovered to have anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anticancer properties. In a previous study, we were able to extract lipids from Stellariae Radix using supercritical CO2 extraction (SRE), and these sterol lipids accounted for up to 88.29% of the extract. However, the impact of SRE on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) has not yet been investigated. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of SRE on AD development using a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse model. Treatment with SRE significantly reduced the dermatitis score and histopathological changes compared with the DNCB group. The study found that treatment with SRE resulted in a decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, CXC-10, IL-12, and IL-1β in skin lesions. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that SRE effectively suppressed M1 macrophage infiltration into the AD lesion. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of SRE was evaluated in LPS + INF-γ induced bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) M1 polarization, SRE inhibited the production of TNF-α, CXC-10, IL-12, and IL-1β and decreased the expression of NLRP3. Additionally, SRE was found to increase p-AMPKT172, but had no effect on total AMPK expression, after administration of the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, the inhibitory effect of SRE on M1 macrophages was partially reversed. The results indicate that SRE has an inhibitory effect on AD, making it a potential therapeutic agent for this atopic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Le Song
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lu Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhenkai Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Le Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Li Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Gupta A, Lee K, Oh K. mTORC1 Deficiency Prevents the Development of MC903-Induced Atopic Dermatitis through the Downregulation of Type 2 Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5968. [PMID: 36983043 PMCID: PMC10054228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by eczema and itching. Recently, mTORC, a central regulator of cellular metabolism, has been reported to play a critical role in immune responses, and manipulation of mTORC pathways has emerged as an effective immunomodulatory drug. In this study, we assessed whether mTORC signaling could contribute to the development of AD in mice. AD-like skin inflammation was induced by a 7-day treatment of MC903 (calcipotriol), and ribosomal protein S6 was highly phosphorylated in inflamed tissues. MC903-induced skin inflammation was ameliorated significantly in Raptor-deficient mice and exacerbated in Pten-deficient mice. Eosinophil recruitment and IL-4 production were also decreased in Raptor deficient mice. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory roles of mTORC1 in immune cells, we observed an anti-inflammatory effect on keratinocytes. TSLP was upregulated in Raptor deficient mice or by rapamycin treatment, which was mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling. Taken together, these results from our study indicate the dual roles of mTORC1 in the development of AD, and further studies on the role of HIF in AD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Gupta
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonik Oh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zeng H, Zhao B, Zhang D, Rui X, Hou X, Chen X, Zhang B, Yuan Y, Deng H, Ge G. Viola yedoensis Makino formula alleviates DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis by activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and promoting M2 macrophages polarization. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154228. [PMID: 35689898 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common inflammatory skin disorder, severely affects the life quality of patients and renders heavy financial burden on patient's family. The Chinese medicine Viola yedoensis Makino formula (VYAC) has been widely used for treating various skin disorders. Previous studies have reported that VYAC is effective in relieving DNCB-induced AD and inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of VYAC is still ill-defined and poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of VYAC on DNCB-induced AD and to elucidate the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms. METHODOLOGY VYAC were extracted with 70% ethanol and lyophilized for use. AD mice were established by DNCB. The therapeutic effects of VYAC were evaluated by oral administration VYAC (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) daily in vivo. The histopathological and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze skin lesion and macrophages infiltration, RT-qPCR and Elisa were used to analyze the inflammatory factors in skin tissues and serum. To explore the underlying mechanism of VYAC against AD in vitro. RAW264.7 cells and bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were employed for macrophage polarization analysis. Flow cytometer, immunofluorescence and western blot were used to analyze M2 macrophages markers. STAT3 siRNA were transfected into both cells to validate the effects of VYAC-induced macrophages M2 polarization via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. RESULTS VYAC ameliorated skin lesion of DNCB-induced AD mice by decreased clinical scores and epidermal thickness, decreased the level of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-18) and enhanced IL-10 anti-inflammatory factor level, inhibited macrophages infiltration and promoted M2 macrophages polarization in vivo. VYAC significantly promoted M2 macrophages polarization in vitro. It is observed that VYAC not only inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in RAW264.7 cells and BMDMs, but also accelerated the translocation to the nucleus. What's more, VYAC reduced the polarization of M2 macrophage by activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was observed in both cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that VYAC significantly ameliorates skin lesion of DNCB-induced AD mice and reduces the levels of inflammatory factors by activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and promoting M2 macrophages polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Zeng
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bei Zhao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Die Zhang
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xin Rui
- Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Hou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Benrui Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Hongping Deng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Wang J, Cui B, Chen Z, Ding X. The regulation of skin homeostasis, repair and the pathogenesis of skin diseases by spatiotemporal activation of epidermal mTOR signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:950973. [PMID: 35938153 PMCID: PMC9355246 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.950973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis, the outmost layer of the skin, is a stratified squamous epithelium that protects the body from the external world. The epidermis and its appendages need constantly renew themselves and replace the damaged tissues caused by environmental assaults. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a central controller of cell growth and metabolism that plays a critical role in development, homeostasis and diseases. Recent findings suggest that mTOR signaling is activated in a spatiotemporal and context-dependent manner in the epidermis, coordinating diverse skin homeostatic processes. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling underlies the pathogenesis of skin diseases, including psoriasis and skin cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of epidermal mTOR signaling activity and function in skin, with a focus on skin barrier formation, hair regeneration, wound repair, as well as skin pathological disorders. We propose that fine-tuned control of mTOR signaling is essential for epidermal structural and functional integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiping Cui
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Ding
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolei Ding,
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5
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Peng G, Tsukamoto S, Ikutama R, Le Thanh Nguyen H, Umehara Y, Trujillo-Paez JV, Yue H, Takahashi M, Ogawa T, Kishi R, Tominaga M, Takamori K, Kitaura J, Kageyama S, Komatsu M, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Ikeda S, Niyonsaba F. Human-β-defensin-3 attenuates atopic dermatitis-like inflammation through autophagy activation and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:156501. [PMID: 35834333 PMCID: PMC9435650 DOI: 10.1172/jci156501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human β-defensin-3 (hBD-3) exhibits antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities; however, its contribution to autophagy regulation remains unclear, and the role of autophagy in the regulation of the epidermal barrier in atopic dermatitis (AD) is poorly understood. Here, keratinocyte autophagy was restrained in the skin lesions of patients with AD and murine models of AD. Interestingly, hBD-3 alleviated the IL-4– and IL-13–mediated impairment of the tight junction (TJ) barrier through keratinocyte autophagy activation, which involved aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling. While autophagy deficiency impaired the epidermal barrier and exacerbated inflammation, hBD-3 attenuated skin inflammation and enhanced the TJ barrier in AD. Importantly, hBD-3–mediated improvement of the TJ barrier was abolished in autophagy-deficient AD mice and in AhR-suppressed AD mice, suggesting a role for hBD-3–mediated autophagy in the regulation of the epidermal barrier and inflammation in AD. Thus, autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of AD, and hBD-3 could be used for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Peng
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saya Tsukamoto
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Ikutama
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hai Le Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshie Umehara
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juan V Trujillo-Paez
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hainan Yue
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takasuke Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoma Kishi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Tominaga
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Kageyama
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - François Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zeng HR, Zhao B, Rui X, Jia GH, Wu Y, Zhang D, Yu HN, Zhang BR, Yuan Y. A TCM formula VYAC ameliorates DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis via blocking mast cell degranulation and suppressing NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114454. [PMID: 34329716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula (VYAC) consists of three herbs including Viola yedoensis Makino, herb (Violaceae, Viola), Sophora flavescens Aiton, root (Fabaceae, Sophora) and Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz, root and rhizome (Rutaceae, Dictamnus), has been traditionally prescribed to treat various skin diseases in clinic. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of VYAC on the 2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS VYAC was extracted with 70 % aqueous ethanol and lyophilized powder was used. AD-like mice were challenged by DNCB, VYAC (150 and 300 mg/kg) were oral administration daily from day 7 to day 28. At the end of experiment, the clinical scores were recorded, serum and skin in the dorsal were isolated to evaluate the therapeutic effects of VYAC. RBL-2H3 cells were stimulated with C48/80 for degranulation and plasmids expressing constitutively active form of Syk (Silence or overexpression) were transfected into RBL-2H3 cells to explore the underlying mechanisms in vitro. RESULTS VYAC significantly ameliorated the cardinal symptoms in the DNCB-induced AD-like mice by repairing the skin barrier function, inhibiting mast cells infiltration, restraining the serum IgE and histamine release and decreasing TNF-α, IL-4 as well as Syk mRNA level in dorsal skin and alleviating inflammation. Besides, VYAC significantly blocked RBL-2H3 cells degranulation, reduced β-hexosaminidase and histamine release, and suppressed NF-κB pathway. What's more, the degranulation of RBL-2H3 was reduced after Syk silence and increased after Syk overexpression. CONCLUSION Our findings clearly suggested that VYAC treat AD through inhibiting the inflammatory mediator productions and blocking mast cell degranulation via suppressing Syk mediated NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Rong Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bei Zhao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xing Rui
- Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Gui Hua Jia
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Die Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hao Nao Yu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ben Rui Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Anti-Allergic Effect of Low Molecular Weight Digest from Abalone Viscera on Atopic Dermatitis-Induced NC/Nga. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110634. [PMID: 34822505 PMCID: PMC8618959 DOI: 10.3390/md19110634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abalone viscera (AV) is one of the byproducts of the seafood processing industry. The low molecular weight (<5 kDa) peptides (LMW-AV) obtained from gastrointestinal digestion of AV could suppress allergenic responses on activated HMC-1 human mast cells in our previous study. Regarding the allergenic response of LMW-AV, in the present study, we further investigated the potential of oral administration of LMW-AV against atopic dermatitis (AD) in a dermatitis-induced model stimulated with Dermatophagoides farinae. The results demonstrated that the LMW-AV reduced a number of clinical symptoms, such as the severity of the dermatitis and serum immunoglobulin E levels. Moreover, LMW-AV could inhibit the expression of chemokines and cytokines. The histological analysis indicated that the LMW-AV has suppressed the eosinophil count and the mast cell infiltration into the upper dermis. The results suggest that LMW-AV can be considered as a promising candidate for AD treatment.
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Mercurio L, Albanesi C, Madonna S. Recent Updates on the Involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Molecular Cascade in the Pathogenesis of Hyperproliferative Skin Disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:665647. [PMID: 33996865 PMCID: PMC8119789 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.665647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PhosphoInositide-3 Kinase (PI3K) represents a family of different classes of kinases which control multiple biological processes in mammalian cells, such as cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Class IA PI3Ks, the main regulators of proliferative signals, consists of a catalytic subunit (α, β, δ) that binds p85 regulatory subunit and mediates activation of AKT and mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathways and regulation of downstream effectors. Dysregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in skin contributes to several pathological conditions characterized by uncontrolled proliferation, including skin cancers, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis (AD). Among cutaneous cancers, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) display PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling hyperactivation, implicated in hyperproliferation, and tumorigenesis, as well as in resistance to apoptosis. Upregulation of mTOR signaling proteins has also been reported in psoriasis, in association with enhanced proliferation, defective keratinocyte differentiation, senescence-like growth arrest, and resistance to apoptosis, accounting for major parts of the overall disease phenotypes. On the contrary, PI3K/AKT/mTOR role in AD is less characterized, even though recent evidence demonstrates the relevant function for mTOR pathway in the regulation of epidermal barrier formation and stratification. In this review, we provide the most recent updates on the role and function of PI3K/AKT/mTOR molecular axis in the pathogenesis of different hyperproliferative skin disorders, and highlights on the current status of preclinical and clinical studies on PI3K-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mercurio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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9
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Metabolic Pathways That Control Skin Homeostasis and Inflammation. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:975-986. [PMID: 32371170 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocytes and skin immune cells are actively metabolizing nutrients present in their microenvironment. This is particularly important in common chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and expansion of inflammatory cells, thus suggesting increased cell nutritional requirements. Proliferating inflammatory cells and keratinocytes express high levels of glucose transporter (GLUT)1, l-type amino acid transporter (LAT)1, and cationic amino acid transporters (CATs). Main metabolic regulators such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, MYC, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) control immune cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine release. Here, we provide an updated perspective regarding the potential role of nutrient transporters and metabolic pathways that could be common to immune cells and keratinocytes, to control psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
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10
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An EJ, Kim Y, Lee SH, Choi SH, Chung WS, Jang HJ. Ophiopogonin D ameliorates DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like lesions in BALB/c mice and TNF-α- inflamed HaCaT cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:40-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Jia QN, Zeng YP. Rapamycin blocks the IL-13-induced deficiency of Epidermal Barrier Related Proteins via upregulation of miR-143 in HaCaT Keratinocytes. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2087-2094. [PMID: 32922169 PMCID: PMC7484670 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.45765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-13 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Our preliminary study demonstrated that forced expression of miR-143 could block IL-13-induced down-regulation of epidermal barrier related proteins in epidermal keratinocytes. As previous studies suggested that miR-143 expression was regulated by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, we investigated the mechanism of mTOR signaling pathway in the epidermal barrier dysfunction of AD. The HaCaT cells were stimulated by IL-13 and subsequently treated with rapamycin. The expression levels of miR-143, IL-13 receptor α1 (IL-13Rα1), p-mTOR, p-S6K1, p-Akt, and epidermal barrier related proteins were analyzed through RT-qPCR and/or western blotting. The current study showed that IL-13 increased the expression levels of p-mTOR, p-S6K1, and p-Akt, and that rapamycin blocked IL-13-induced down-regulation of miR-143, suppressed the IL-13Rα1 expression and up-regulated the expressions of filaggrin, loricrin, and involucrin in HaCaT cells. This study proposed that IL-13 could activate the mTOR signaling pathway, and confirmed the vital role of mTOR-miR-143 signaling axis in the pathogenesis of AD. It provided solid evidences regarding rapamycin as a potential effective therapeutic option in the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Nan Jia
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Ping Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic diseases, Beijing, China
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12
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The role of kinin B 1 and B 2 receptors in the mouse model of oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:62-73. [PMID: 30959373 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the role of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in the pre-clinical mouse model of oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis. The B1 R715 or B2 HOE140 receptor antagonists were dosed at different schemes of treatment. After assessment of clinical lesion scores and pruritus, lesional skin samples were collected for histopathological analysis. The plasma extravasation and the expression of the metalloproteinase ADAMTS5 were also assessed. The immunopositivity for kinin receptors was evaluated in the skin, dorsal root ganglion (DRG), thoracic spinal cord and brain cortex sections. Marked upregulation of B1 and B2 receptors was observed in the skin of oxazolone-treated mice. The induction of atopic dermatitis led to a downregulation of both receptors in the DRG, without any alteration in the spinal cord and brain cortex. The repeated administration of HOE140 (50 nmol/kg; i.p.) partially inhibited the oxazolone-related pruritus, associated with a reduction of ADAMTS5 immunolabelling in the skin. Alternatively, R715 (438 nmol/kg; i.p.) produced a mild inhibition of plasma extravasation in oxazolone-challenged mice. Noteworthy, the repeated i.d. injection of R715 (30 nmol/site) or HOE140 (3 nmol/site) significantly reduced the histiocyte numbers, according to the histopathological analysis. Either B1 or B2 kinin antagonists, irrespective of the protocol of treatment, did not alter any other evaluated clinical or histological parameters. Data brings novel evidence about the role of kinin receptors in allergy-related conditions, such as atopic dermatitis. Further studies to test different protocols of treatment with kinin antagonists on in-depth cellular alterations underlying oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis remain to be performed.
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Feturi FG, Weinstock M, Zhao W, Zhang W, Schnider JT, Erbas VE, Oksuz S, Plock JA, Rohan L, Spiess AM, Ferreira LM, Solari MG, Venkataramanan R, Gorantla VS. Mycophenolic Acid for Topical Immunosuppression in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: Optimizing Formulation and Preliminary Evaluation of Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics. Front Surg 2018; 5:20. [PMID: 29868602 PMCID: PMC5954844 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2018.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA), is the active form of the ester prodrug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). MMF is an FDA approved immunosuppressive drug that has been successfully used in systemic therapy in combination with other agents for the prevention of acute rejection (AR) following solid organ transplantation (SOT) as well as in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). Systemic use of MMF is associated with gastrointestinal adverse effects. Topical delivery of the prodrug could thus provide graft-targeted immunosuppression while minimizing systemic drug exposure. Our goal was to develop a topical formulation of MPA with optimal in vitro/in vivo characteristics such as release, permeation, and tissue bioavailability to enable safety and efficacy evaluation in clinical VCA. Permeation studies were performed with a solution of MPA (10 mg/ml). In vitro release and permeation studies were performed for different semisolid formulations (Aladerm, Lipoderm, emollient, and VersaBase) of MPA (1% w/w) using a Franz Diffusion Cell System (FDCS). In vivo pharmacokinetic characterization of MPA release from Lipoderm was performed in rats. MPA in solution exhibited a steady state flux (3.8 ± 0.1 µg/cm2/h) and permeability (1.1 × 10−7 ± 3.2 × 10−9 cm/s). MPA in Lipoderm exhibited a steady state flux of 1.12 ± 0.24 µg/cm2/h, and permeability of 6.2 × 10−09 ± 1.3 × 10−9 cm/s across the biomimetic membrane. The cumulative release of MPA from Lipoderm, showed a linear single-phase profile with a R2 of 0.969. In vivo studies with MPA in Lipoderm showed markedly higher local tissue MPA levels and lower systemic MPA exposure as compared to values obtained after intravenous delivery of the same dose of drug (p < 0.05). We successfully developed for the first time, a topical formulation of MPA in Lipoderm with optimal in vitro/in vivo permeability characteristics and no undesirable local or systemic adverse effects in vivo. Our study provides key preliminary groundwork for translational efficacy studies of topical MPA in pre-clinical large animal VCA models and for effectiveness evaluation in patients receiving VCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firuz G Feturi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthias Weinstock
- Disciplina de Cirurgia Plástica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jonas T Schnider
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vasil E Erbas
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medicalpark Gaziantep Hastanesi, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Sinan Oksuz
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Gulhane Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jan A Plock
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Rohan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alexander M Spiess
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lydia M Ferreira
- Disciplina de Cirurgia Plástica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario G Solari
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vijay S Gorantla
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Wang J, Zheng M, Min Q, Gao Y, Sun W. The dual regulatory function of lienal peptide on immune system. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 55:245-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Siebert A, Wysocka M, Krawczyk B, Cholewiński G, Rachoń J. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of amino acid and peptide derivatives of mycophenolic acid. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:646-655. [PMID: 29216563 PMCID: PMC7173178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The series of 16 novel amino acid and peptide mycophenolic acid (MPA) derivatives was obtained as potential antibacterial agents. Coupling of MPA with respective amines was optimized with condensing reagents such as EDCI/DMAP and T3P/TEA. Amino acid analogs were received both as methyl esters and also with the free carboxylic group. The biological activity of the products was tested on five references bacterial strains: Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 (ESBL), Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus aureus MSSA ATCC 25923. Peptide derivatives proved to be the most versatile ones, their MIC values relative to most strains was lower than MPA alone. It has been noted that the activity of amino acid derivatives depends on the configuration at the chiral center in the amino acid unit and methyl esters indicated better antimicrobial activity than analogs with free carboxylic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Siebert
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wysocka
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Beata Krawczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cholewiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Janusz Rachoń
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Lee JH, Lee YJ, Lee JY, Park YM. Topical Application of Eupatilin Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice. Ann Dermatol 2017; 29:61-68. [PMID: 28223748 PMCID: PMC5318529 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2017.29.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disorder with severe pruritus. Despite advancements in medicine, therapeutic treatments for AD are still limited. Eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-30,40,6-trimethoxyflavone) is one of the lipophilic flavonoids from Artemisia umbelliformis Lam. and Artemisia genipi Weber. Objective Although it has been reported to act a role in improving inflammation, its action on AD is uncertain. In this study, we examined the role of eupatilin on AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Methods 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene was repeatedly applied to the ear of NC/Nga mice to produce AD-like skin lesions. Eupatilin (1%, once a day for 5 consecutive days/week) was applied topically for four weeks for the evaluation of its therapeutic effects. Results 1% eupatilin cream significantly reduced the clinical severity score of AD-like lesions, compared to the vehicle (p<0.005). A histopathological analysis revealed that 1% eupatilin cream significantly decreased the mast cell infiltration as well as inflammatory cell infiltration, compared to the vehicle (p<0.005). We showed that 1% eupatilin cream significantly reduced the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-4, and interleukin-19, but not interferon-γ, compared to the vehicle (p<0.005). Conclusion Considering the therapeutic reaction of eupatilin on AD-like lesions as in this study, the substance has a promising to be an adjuvant topical agent for the control of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Cho EA, Lee YJ, Ryu YH, Han JH, Lee JH, Park YM. Therapeutic Effects of a Light Emitting Diode at a Variety of Wavelengths on Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice. Ann Dermatol 2017; 29:796-799. [PMID: 29200774 PMCID: PMC5705367 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2017.29.6.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ah Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Hee Ryu
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Han
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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A novel compound 2-(4-{2-[(phenylthio)acetyl]carbonohydrazonoyl}phenoxy)acetamide downregulates TSLP through blocking of caspase-1/NF-κB pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:420-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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19
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Nakanishi T, Tokunaga Y, Yamasaki M, Erickson L, Kawahara S. Orally administered conjugated linoleic acid ameliorates allergic dermatitis induced by repeated applications of oxazolone in mice. Anim Sci J 2016; 87:1554-1561. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Nakanishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki Japan
| | - Yuzo Tokunaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki Japan
| | - Masao Yamasaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki Japan
| | - Laurie Erickson
- Department of Biology; Harold Washington City College of Chicago; Chicago IL USA
| | - Satoshi Kawahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki Japan
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