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Liric Rajlic I, Guglieri‐Lopez B, Rangoonwala N, Ivaturi V, Van L, Mori S, Wipke B, Burdette D, Attarwala H. Translational kinetic-pharmacodynamics of mRNA-6231, an investigational mRNA therapeutic encoding mutein interleukin-2. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2024; 13:1067-1078. [PMID: 38676306 PMCID: PMC11179705 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis by serving as negative regulators of adaptive immune system effector cell responses. Reduced production or function of Tregs has been implicated in several human autoimmune diseases. The cytokine interleukin 2 plays a central role in promoting Treg differentiation, survival, and function in vivo and may therefore have therapeutic benefits for autoimmune diseases. mRNA-6231 is an investigational, lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated, mRNA-based therapy that encodes a modified human interleukin 2 mutein fused to human serum albumin (HSA-IL2m). Herein, we report the development of a semi-mechanistic kinetic-pharmacodynamic model to quantify the relationship between subcutaneous dose(s) of mRNA-6231, HSA-IL2m protein expression, and Treg expansion in nonhuman primates. The nonclinical kinetic-pharmacodynamic model was extrapolated to humans using allometric scaling principles and the physiological basis of pharmacological mechanisms to predict the clinical response to therapy a priori. Model-based simulations were used to inform the dose selection and design of the first-in-human clinical study (NCT04916431). The modeling approach used to predict human responses was validated when data became available from the phase I clinical study. This validation indicates that the approach is valuable in informing clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Linh Van
- Pharmacometrics, Moderna, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Simone Mori
- External Research Ventures, Moderna, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Brian Wipke
- Immune Therapeutics Discovery, Moderna, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Douglas Burdette
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Moderna, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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He W, Wang X, Chen M, Li C, Chen W, Pan L, Cui Y, Yu Z, Wu G, Yang Y, Xu M, Dong Z, Ma K, Wang J, He Z. Metformin reduces hepatocarcinogenesis by inducing downregulation of Cyp26a1 and CD8 + T cells. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1465. [PMID: 37997519 PMCID: PMC10668005 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer with major challenges in both prevention and therapy. Metformin, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has been suggested to reduce the incidence of HCC when used for patients with diabetes in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the possible effects of metformin and their mechanisms of action in non-diabetic HCC have not been adequately investigated. METHODS Fah-/- mice were used to construct a liver-injury-induced non-diabetic HCC model for exploring hepatocarcinogenesis and therapeutic potential of metformin. Changes in relevant tumour and biochemical indicators were measured. Bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses were performed to validate the crucial role of proinflammatory/pro-tumour CD8+ T cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to confirm Cyp26a1-related antitumour mechanisms of metformin. RESULTS RNA-sequencing analysis showed that chronic liver injury led to significant changes in AMPK-, glucose- and retinol metabolism-related pathways in Fah-/- mice. Metformin prevented the formation of non-diabetic HCC in Fah-/- mice with chronic liver injury. Cyp26a1 ddexpression in hepatocytes was significantly suppressed after metformin treatment. Moreover, downregulation of Cyp26a1 occurred in conjunction with increased levels of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), which is involved in the activation of metformin-suppressed hepatocarcinogenesis in Fah-/- mice. In contrast, both CD8+ T-cell infiltration and proinflammatory/pro-tumour cytokines in the liver were significantly upregulated in Fah-/- mice during chronic liver injury, which was notably reversed by either metformin or atRA treatment. Regarding mechanisms, metformin regulated the decrease in Cyp26a1 enzyme expression and increased atRA expression via the AMPK/STAT3/Gadd45β/JNK/c-Jun pathway. CONCLUSIONS Metformin inhibits non-diabetic HCC by upregulating atRA levels and downregulating CD8+ T cells. This is the first reporting that the traditional drug metformin regulates the metabolite atRA via the Cyp26a1-involved pathway. The present study provides a potential application of metformin and atRA in non-diabetic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, International Co‐Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsShanghaiChina
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chong Li
- Zhoupu Community Health Service Center of Pudong New AreaShanghaiChina
| | - Wenjian Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lili Pan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yangyang Cui
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Postgraduate Training Base of Shanghai East HospitalJinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouLiaoningChina
| | - Zhao Yu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guoxiu Wu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mingyang Xu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhaoxuan Dong
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Keming Ma
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryShanghai East Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiying He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
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Limpert R, Pan P, Wang LS, Chen X. From support to therapy: rethinking the role of nutrition in acute graft-versus-host disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192084. [PMID: 37359550 PMCID: PMC10285162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers a potential cure for patients with hematologic malignancies. Unfortunately, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major obstacle to the greater success of this treatment. Despite intensive research efforts over the past several decades, GVHD is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving allogeneic HSCT. The genetic disparity between donor and recipient is the primary factor that dictates the extent of alloimmune response and the severity of acute GVHD (aGVHD). However, some nongenetic factors are also actively involved in GVHD pathogenesis. Thus, identifying host factors that can be readily modified to reduce GVHD risk is of important clinical significance. We are particularly interested in the potential role of nutrition, as a nongenetic factor, in the etiology and management of aGVHD. In this article, we summarize recent findings regarding how different routes of nutritional support and various dietary factors affect aGVHD. Since diet is one of the most important factors that shape gut microbiota, we also provide evidence for a potential link between certain nutrients and gut microbiota in recipients of allogeneic HSCT. We propose a shifting role of nutrition from support to therapy in GVHD by targeting gut microbiota.
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Nasl-Khameneh AM, Mirshafiey A, Moghadasi AN, Yekaninejad MS, Parastouei K, Nejati S, Saboor-Yaraghi AA. The immunomodulatory effects of all-trans retinoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid combination treatment on the expression of IL-2, IL-4, T-bet, and GATA3 genes in PBMCs of multiple sclerosis patients. Neurol Res 2023; 45:510-519. [PMID: 36598970 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2162222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Neither the pathogenesis nor the effectiveness of treatment of MS has been fully understood. This in vitro trial evaluated the beneficial immunomodulatory effects of single and combined treatments of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients who were receiving interferon beta (IFN-β). METHODS The PBMCs of 15 RRMS patients were isolated, cultured, and treated with single and combined treatments of ATRA and DHA. The expressions of IL-2, IL-4, T-bet, and GATA3 genes were evaluated using real-time PCR. RESULTS The results showed that a single treatment of ATRA could significantly suppress the gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-2 (P < 0.05), and related transcription factor, T-bet (P < 0.001). The gene expression level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4, and its transcription factor, GATA3, were not significantly changed. The expression of IL-2 and T-bet genes was significantly decreased in combination treatments of ATRA and DHA (P < 0.001). Significant suppression of IL-2 and T-bet (P < 0.001) was observed in ATRA and DHA combination therapy with half doses of their single treatment, which suggested a synergistic effect of these components. DISCUSSION Co-administration of vitamin A and DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid derivative, may exert a synergistic effect in modulating the immune system in MS patients; however, more studies are needed to evaluate the exact effects and mechanism of their actions on the immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateke Mousavi Nasl-Khameneh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Department of Neurology and MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Nejati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gjærde LK, Andersen NS, Friis LS, Kornblit B, Petersen SL, Schjødt I, Ostrowski SR, Sengeløv H. Pretransplantation vitamin A plasma levels and risk of acute graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2019; 55:1457-1459. [DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chen X, Mayne CG. The Role of Micronutrients in Graft-VS.-Host Disease: Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamins A and D. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2853. [PMID: 30574143 PMCID: PMC6291446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) remains a major obstacle to the success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). GVHD occurs because donor T cells in the allograft recognize the genetically disparate host as foreign and attack the transplant recipient's tissues. While genetic incompatibility between donor and recipient is the primary determinant for the extent of alloimmune response, GVHD incidence and severity are also influenced by non-genetic factors. Recent advances in immunology establish that environmental factors, including dietary micronutrients, contribute significantly to modulating various immune responses and may influence the susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases of experimental animals and humans. Emerging clinical and preclinical evidence indicates that certain micronutrients may participate in regulating GVHD risk after allogeneic HSCT. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding with respect to the potential role of micronutrients in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic GVHD, focusing on vitamins A and D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Abstract
The subcommittee reviewed the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, natural history, morbidity and questionnaires reported in epidemiological studies of dry eye disease (DED). A meta-analysis of published prevalence data estimated the impact of age and sex. Global mapping of prevalence was undertaken. The prevalence of DED ranged from 5 to 50%. The prevalence of signs was higher and more variable than symptoms. There were limited prevalence studies in youth and in populations south of the equator. The meta-analysis confirmed that prevalence increases with age, however signs showed a greater increase per decade than symptoms. Women have a higher prevalence of DED than men, although differences become significant only with age. Risk factors were categorized as modifiable/non-modifiable, and as consistent, probable or inconclusive. Asian ethnicity was a mostly consistent risk factor. The economic burden and impact of DED on vision, quality of life, work productivity, psychological and physical impact of pain, are considerable, particularly costs due to reduced work productivity. Questionnaires used to evaluate DED vary in their utility. Future research should establish the prevalence of disease of varying severity, the incidence in different populations and potential risk factors such as youth and digital device usage. Geospatial mapping might elucidate the impact of climate, environment and socioeconomic factors. Given the limited study of the natural history of treated and untreated DED, this remains an important area for future research.
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All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis and memory impairment in aged rats. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 300:21-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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