1
|
Qin Y, Huang Y, Ji X, Gong L, Luo S, Gao J, Liu R, Zhang T. N-demethylsinomenine metabolite and its prototype sinomenine activate mast cells via MRGPRX2 and aggravate anaphylaxis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1389761. [PMID: 39144634 PMCID: PMC11322065 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1389761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) is commonly used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It activates mast cells and induces anaphylaxis in the clinical setting. Adverse drug reactions can be caused by activation of MAS-associated G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) on mast cells. Because the ligand binding site of MRGPRX2 is easily contacted in dilute solvents, it can be activated by many opioid drug structures. N-Demethylsinomenine (M-3) has a similar chemical structure to that of the opioid scaffold and is a major metabolite of SH. We sought to clarify whether M-3 induces anaphylaxis synergistically with its prototype in a mouse model. Molecular docking computer simulations suggested a similar binding effect between M-3 and SH. M-3 was chemically synthesized and analyzed by surface plasmon resonance to reveal its affinity for MRGPRX2. Temperature monitoring, in vivo hindlimb swelling and exudation test, and in vitro mast cell degranulation test were used to explore the mechanism of MRGPrx2 mediated allergic reaction triggered by M-3. Reduced M-3-induced inflammation was evident in MrgprB2 (the ortholog of MRGPRX2) conditional (Cpa3-Cre/MrgprB2flox) knockout (MrgprB2-CKO) mice. Additionally, LAD2 human mast cells with MRGPRX2 knockdown showed reduced degranulation. M-3 activated LAD2 cells synergistically with SH as regulated by GRK2 signaling and IP3R/PLC/PKC/P38 molecular signaling pathways. The results indicate that the M-3 metabolite can activate mast cells synergistically with its prototype SH via MRGPRX2 and aggravate anaphylaxis. These findings provide important insights into drug safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youfa Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yihan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaolan Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shiqiong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiapan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hou W, Huang L, Huang H, Liu S, Dai W, Tang J, Chen X, Lu X, Zheng Q, Zhou Z, Zhang Z, Lan J. Bioactivities and Mechanisms of Action of Sinomenine and Its Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2024; 29:540. [PMID: 38276618 PMCID: PMC10818773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the roots and stems of Sinomenium acutum, has been extensively studied for its derivatives as bioactive agents. This review concentrates on the research advancements in the biological activities and action mechanisms of sinomenine-related compounds until November 2023. The findings indicate a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, including antitumor, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection, and immunosuppressive properties. These compounds are notably effective against breast, lung, liver, and prostate cancers, exhibiting IC50 values of approximately 121.4 nM against PC-3 and DU-145 cells, primarily through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Additionally, they manifest anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects predominantly via the NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Utilized in treating rheumatic arthritis, these alkaloids also play a significant role in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, as well as organ protection through the NF-κB, Nrf2, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. This review concludes with perspectives and insights on this topic, highlighting the potential of sinomenine-related compounds in clinical applications and the development of medications derived from natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lejun Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shenglan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jianhong Tang
- Laboratory Animal Engineering Research Center of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Xiangzhao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaolu Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qisheng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhinuo Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jinxia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Keita A, Duval R, Porée FH. Chemistry and biology of ent-morphinan alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2023; 90:1-96. [PMID: 37716795 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Morphinan alkaloids have attracted constant attention since the isolation of morphine by Sertürner in 1805. However, a group of 45 compounds possessing a complete ent-morphinan backbone can also be found in the literature. These compounds are related to the morphinandienone subgroup and display a substitution pattern which is different from the morphinans. In particular, these alkaloids could be substituted at position C-2 and C-8 either by a hydroxy function or a methoxy moiety. Four groups of ent-morphinan alkaloids can be proposed, the salutaridine, pallidine, cephasugine and erromangine series. Interestingly, the botanical distribution of the ent-morphinans is more widespread than for the morphinans and includes the Annonaceae, Berberidaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fumariaceae, Hernandiaceae, Lauraceae, Menispermaceae, Monimiaceae, Papaveraceae, and Ranunculaceae families. To date, their exact mode of production remains elusive and their interplay with the biosynthetic pathway of other classes of benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, in particular aporphines, should be confirmed. Exploration of the biological and therapeutic potential of these compounds is limited to some areas, namely central nervous system (CNS), inflammation, cancer, malaria and viruses. Further studies should be conducted to identify the cellular/molecular targets in view of promoting these compounds as new scaffolds in medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Romain Duval
- Université Paris Cité, IRD, MERIT, Paris, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hadisaputri YE, Nurhaniefah AA, Sukmara S, Zuhrotun A, Hendriani R, Sopyan I. Callyspongia spp.: Secondary Metabolites, Pharmacological Activities, and Mechanisms. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020217. [PMID: 36837836 PMCID: PMC9964934 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most widespread biotas in the sea is the sponge. Callyspongia is a sponge genus found in the seas, making it easily available. In this review, the pharmacological activity and mechanism of action of the secondary metabolites of Callyspongia spp. are addressed, which may lead to the development of new drugs and targeted therapeutic approaches. Several scientific databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Wiley Online Library, were mined to obtain relevant information. In the 41 articles reviewed, Callyspongia spp. was reported to possess pharmacological activities such as cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines (36%), antifungal (10%), anti-inflammatory (10%), immunomodulatory (10%), antidiabetic and antiobesity (6%), antimicrobial (8%), antioxidant (4%), antineurodegenerative (4%), antihypercholesterolemic (2%), antihypertensive (2%), antiparasitic (2%), antiallergic (2%), antiviral (2%), antiosteoporotic (2%), and antituberculosis (2%) activities. Of these, the antioxidant, antituberculosis, and anti-inflammatory activities of Callyspongia extract were weaker compared with that of the control drugs; however, other activities, particularly cytotoxicity, show promise, and the compounds responsible may be developed into new drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Elsa Hadisaputri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-22-842-88888
| | - Annida Adha Nurhaniefah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sendi Sukmara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ade Zuhrotun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Rini Hendriani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Iyan Sopyan
- Departement of Pharmaceutics and Technology of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
An integrated strategy for the identification and screening of anti-allergy components from natural products based on calcium fluctuations and cell extraction coupled with HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6253-6266. [PMID: 34415362 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are a significant public health problem worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with reported anti-allergy effects may be important sources for the development of new anti-allergy drugs. Thus, establishing an analytical method that can simultaneously identify and screen anti-allergic compounds in TCMs is important. The increased concentrations of intracellular calcium ions resulting in mast cell degranulation releasing active mediators play a key role in allergic diseases, which can be used as a potential index to identify anti-allergic herbs and compounds. In this study, we provide a new strategy that was applied to screening natural anti-allergic compounds based on fluorescence calcium ion (Ca2+) fluctuation integrated with cell extract and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). A low-cost, convenient fluorescence detection Ca2+ signaling method was established and successfully applied to identify three herbs. Then, the method was integrated with biospecific cell fishing and HPLC-MS to screen potential active components that have the effect of stabilizing the cell membrane of rat basophilic leukemia granulocytes (RBL-2H3). Seven components, namely, albiflorin and paeoniflorin from Radix Paeoniae Alba, ononin and formononetin from Radix Astragali, cimifugin, 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, and prim-O-glucosylcimifugin from Radix Saposhnikoviae were fished. These seven compounds have the effect of inhibiting cell Ca2+ influx. 4'-O-β-D-Glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, paeoniflorin, ononin, and formononetin significantly inhibit the release of β-hexosaminidase, which is equivalent to the positive drug. In conclusion, the integrated strategy of fluorescence detection calcium ion kinetic method binding with biospecific cell fishing was an effective mode to identify and screen natural anti-allergic compounds.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sinomenine sensitizes human gastric cancer cells to cisplatin through negative regulation of PI3K/AKT/Wnt signaling pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 30:983-990. [PMID: 31609766 PMCID: PMC6824511 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sinomenine (SIN) has been reported its antitumor effects on various types of human cancers, but there is no available information regarding the antitumor effects of SIN and cisplatin on gastric cancer. Here, we examined the antitumor effects of SIN combined with cisplatin on gastric cancer cells as well as the underlying biological mechanisms. CCK-8 assay and Calcusyn 2.0 software analysis, Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry, transwell assay showed that SIN and cisplatin synergistically inhibited growth, induced apoptosis, and suppressed invasion than did either drug alone in gastric cancer cells. Interestingly, no change in the AKT level was found, whereas SIN and cisplatin led to a dramatic decrease in p-AKT level compared with either alone treatment. SIN and cisplatin further decreased the Bcl-2, procaspase-3, and β-catenin, but increased Bax, cleaved dcaspase 3, MMP9, and MMP2 in combined group than in either alone group. Immunofluorescence staining showed again a significant decrease in nucleus β-catenin was found in combined group. These data suggested that SIN sensitizes human gastric cancer cells to cisplatin through negative regulation of PI3K/AKT/Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, SIN and cisplatin exerted synergistic antitumor effects in gastric cancer cells and might constitute a promising therapeutic approach for gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sinomenine hydrochloride inhibits the progression of plasma cell mastitis by regulating IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
8
|
Xie Y, Wei D, Hu T, Hou Y, Lin Y, He H, Wang C. Anti-pseudo-allergic capacity of alkaloids screened from Uncaria rhynchophylla. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two alkaloids were screened from Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR) by MRGPRX2-HEK293/CMC model and showed anti-pseudo-allergic effects in vivo and in vitro, which may provide evidence for anti-pseudo-allergic effects and bioactivity development of UR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Xie
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Yanta Westroad
- Xi’an 710061
- China
| | - Di Wei
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Yanta Westroad
- Xi’an 710061
- China
| | - Tian Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Yanta Westroad
- Xi’an 710061
- China
| | - Yajing Hou
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Yanta Westroad
- Xi’an 710061
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Lin
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Yanta Westroad
- Xi’an 710061
- China
| | - Huaizhen He
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Yanta Westroad
- Xi’an 710061
- China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Yanta Westroad
- Xi’an 710061
- China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu F, Li Q, Wang Z, Cao X. RETRACTED: Sinomenine inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and promotes apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by regulation of miR-23a. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108592. [PMID: 30784907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article “In almost all papers, Western blot panels within the same figure, and across figures and papers, appear to share the same background, while the bands are regularly spaced, all have similar rounded edges without the usual smudges and specks, and with some bands showing a recognizable “jumping sardine” shape”, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiangming Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang YS, Han JY, Iqbal O, Liang AH. Research Advances and Prospects on Mechanism of Sinomenin on Histamine Release and the Binding to Histamine Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010070. [PMID: 30586944 PMCID: PMC6337707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine (SIN) is widely used in China to treat a variety of rheumatic diseases (RA), and has various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-tumor effects. However, due to the histamine release characteristics of SIN, its adverse reactions such as allergic reactions, gastrointestinal reactions, and circulatory systemic reactions have been drawing increasing attention. We present here a systematic review of the chemical structure, pharmacological effects, clinical application, and adverse reactions of SIN, a detailed discussion on the relationship between histamine/histamine receptor and mechanism of action of SIN. In addition, we simulated the binding of SIN to four histamine receptors by using a virtual molecular docking method and found that the bonding intensity between SIN and receptors varied in the order shown as follows: H1R > H2R ~ H3R > H4R. The docking results suggested that SIN might exhibit dual regulatory effects in many processes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, NF-κB pathway activation, and degranulation of mast cells to release histamine, thereby exhibiting pro-inflammatory (adverse reactions)/anti-inflammatory effects. This study provides a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of inflammations seen such as in RA using SIN, and also suggests that SIN has great potential in the field of cancer treatment and will have very important social and economic significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jia-Yin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Omer Iqbal
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Ai-Hua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo RH, Park JU, Jo SJ, Ahn JH, Park JH, Yang JY, Lee SS, Park MJ, Kim YR. Anti-allergic Inflammatory Effects of the Essential Oil From Fruits of Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1441. [PMID: 30618741 PMCID: PMC6299012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai is a rare shrub which grows in Korea and China. Pericarp of Z. coreanum has been used as a crude medicine, but there are few researches about the pharmacologic activities. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-allergic inflammatory activities of the essential oil from fruits of Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai (ZCO). Our findings showed that ZCO inhibited both the IgE-antigen complex or PMA/A23187-induced β-hexosaminidase release and IL-4 production dose-dependently in RBL-2H3 mast cells, and confirmed that ZCO at the tested concentrations did not show cytotoxicity to RBL-2H3 cells by MTS assay. Additionally, we found that ZCO showed the significant inhibition on LPS-induced overproduction of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO. Consistently, the protein levels of iNOS and COX-2 were also remarkably decreased by ZCO treatment. Herein, Our mechanistic studies revealed that ZCO significantly suppressed the activation of transcription factor NF-κB in PMA-activated 293T cells, and further inhibited NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Further investigation identified that ZCO down-regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation of MAPK (JNK, ERK, and p38) signal pathway. For incremental research, we established an DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis model in BALB/c mice, and found that ZCO remarkably inhibited DNCB-induced ear swelling and AD-like symptoms. Based on these findings, ZCO is suggested to have a therapeutic potential for the allergic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hong Guo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jung Up Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jae Hun Ahn
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Yang
- Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Suk Lee
- Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Jin Park
- Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Ran Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Short-term in vitro culture of purity and highly functional rat bone marrow-derived mast cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:705-714. [PMID: 30341632 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are responsible for the innate immune response. Rat MCs are more suitable than mouse MCs as models of specific parasite infection processes and ovalbumin-induced asthma. Rat peritoneum-derived MCs and RBL-2H3 cells (an MC cell line) are widely used in disease studies. However, the application of rat bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) are poorly documented in terms of the methodology of rat BMMC isolation. Here, we describe a relatively rapid, efficient, and simple method for the cultivation of rat BMMCs. As compared to previous protocols, rat BMMCs produced with the proposed protocol exhibited advantages in differentiation, proliferation, lifespan, and functionality, which should prove useful for studies of mucosal MC diseases in specific rat models.
Collapse
|
13
|
MRGPRX2 is essential for sinomenine hydrochloride induced anaphylactoid reactions. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 146:214-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
14
|
Huang L, Dong Y, Wu J, Wang P, Zhou H, Li T, Liu L. Sinomenine-induced histamine release-like anaphylactoid reactions are blocked by tranilast via inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:150-160. [PMID: 28867637 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Zhengqing Fengtongning (ZQFTN), the pharmaceutical preparation of sinomenine (SIN) derived from the medicinal plant Sinmenium acutum, is well-known in China as an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its histamine-release anaphylactoid reactions (HRARs) occur often in some patients. Therefore, it is desirable to establish effective clinical protocols to manage such HRARs. In the study, rat models with systemic HRARs and local HRARs of the skin were established. The level of vascular permeability and mast cell numbers was determined by quantitative analysis using Evans blue dye and histological assays. The levels of histamine, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and IL-33 in plasma were detected by UHPLC-SPE-MS, ELISA and immunohistochemistry assays, respectively. The results demonstrated that SIN significantly induced both systemic and local HRARs in rats, showing significant decrease of body temperature, increases in vascular permeability in skin, injury of lung tissues and mast cell infiltration and IL-33 expression in skin and lung tissues. Mechanistic study showed that tranilast could prevent SIN-triggered HRARs via inhibition of H1 receptor gene expression and NF-κB signaling. Our findings provide evidence that mast cell membrane stabilizers and H1 receptor blockers effectively prevent SIN-induced HRARs, and cromolyn, cetirizine and tranilast can be used in the clinic for the management of HRARs induced by ZQFTN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lufen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Peixun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tan JW, Israf DA, Md Hashim NF, Cheah YK, Harith HH, Shaari K, Tham CL. LAT is essential for the mast cell stabilising effect of tHGA in IgE-mediated mast cell activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 144:132-148. [PMID: 28813645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of allergic reaction. Activation of mast cells by antigens is strictly dependent on the influx of extracellular calcium that involves a complex interaction between signalling molecules located within the cells. We have previously reported that tHGA, an active compound originally isolated from a local shrub known as Melicope ptelefolia, prevented IgE-mediated mast cell activation and passive systemic anaphylaxis by suppressing the release of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α from activated rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL)-2H3 cells. However, the mechanism of action (MOA) as well as the molecular target underlying the mast cell stabilising effect of tHGA has not been previously investigated. In this study, DNP-IgE-sensitised RBL-2H3 cells were pre-treated with tHGA before challenged with DNP-BSA. To dissect the MOA of tHGA in IgE-mediated mast cell activation, the effect of tHGA on the transcription of IL-4 and TNF-α mRNA was determined using Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) followed by Calcium Influx Assay to confirm the involvement of calcium in the activation of mast cells. The protein lysates were analysed by using Western Blot to determine the effect of tHGA on various important signalling molecules in the LAT-PLCγ-MAPK and PI3K-NFκB pathways. In order to identify the molecular target of tHGA in IgE-mediated mast cell activation, the LAT and LAT2 genes in RBL-2H3 cells were knocked-down by using RNA interference to establish a LAT/LAT2 competition model. The results showed that tHGA inhibited the transcription of IL-4 and TNF-α as a result of the suppression of calcium influx in activated RBL-2H3 cells. The results from Western Blot revealed that tHGA primarily inhibited the LAT-PLCγ-MAPK pathway with partial inhibition on the PI3K-p65 pathway without affecting Syk. The results from RNAi further demonstrated that tHGA failed to inhibit the release of mediators associated with mast cell degranulation under the LAT/LAT2 competition model in the absence of LAT. Collectively, this study concluded that the molecular target of tHGA could be LAT and may provide a basis for the development of a mast cell stabiliser which targets LAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wei Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia
| | - Daud Ahmad Israf
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia
| | - Nur Fariesha Md Hashim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Kqueen Cheah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Hazeera Harith
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Influence of sinomenine upon mesenchymal stem cells in osteoclastogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:835-841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
17
|
Wang R, Wu H, Chen J, Li SP, Dai L, Zhang ZR, Wang WY. Antiinflammation Effects and Mechanisms Study of Geniposide on Rats with Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Phytother Res 2017; 31:631-637. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- College of Pharmacy; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Hong Wu
- College of Pharmacy; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Jian Chen
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230031 China
| | - Shu-Ping Li
- College of Pharmacy; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Li Dai
- College of Pharmacy; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Zheng-Rong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Wen-Yu Wang
- College of Pharmacy; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province; Hefei Anhui China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rahman M, Beg S, Verma A, Al Abbasi FA, Anwar F, Saini S, Akhter S, Kumar V. Phytoconstituents as pharmacotherapeutics in rheumatoid arthritis: challenges and scope of nano/submicromedicine in its effective delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 69:1-14. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The present review explores the therapeutic application of herbals in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy, and how nano/submicromedicine can be fit in the scope of its therapeutic delivery in RA has been addressed.
Key findings
Incorporation of bioactive such as polyphenols, thymoquinone, resveratrol, hesperidin, curcumin, celastrol and gambogic acid in a dose-dependent manner showed quite high efficacy for the treatment of RA. It can be attributed to their targeting ability against various inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, NF-kβ, lipoxygenase (LOXs) and arachidonic acid (AA). Despite the presence of significant merits, the use of these bioactives has several demerits such as poor bioavailability as a function of low aqueous solubility and higher first-pass metabolism upon oral administration. The impact of nano/submicromedicine in the delivery of these bioactives against RA has gained wider attention owing to bioavailability enhancement, higher stability and better efficacy.
Conclusion
Phytoconstituents possess immense potential in RA pharmacotherapy, but the obstacles for their effective delivery can be overcome using nano/submicrocarrier-based drug delivery technologies, which maximize the efficacy of these herbal antirheumatic drugs without any systemic adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHIATS), Naini, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amita Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHIATS), Naini, India
| | - Fahad A Al Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumant Saini
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Patiala, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Sohail Akhter
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM)-CNRS UPR4301/University of Orléans Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, Cedex 2, France
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, 110062, New Delhi, India
- LE STUDIUM® Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre-Val de Loire Region, 45000, France
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHIATS), Naini, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zeng HR, Wang B, Zhao Z, Zhang Q, Liang MY, Yao YQ, Bian K, Zhang WR. Effects of Viola yedoensis Makino anti-itching compound on degranulation and cytokine generation in RBL-2H3 mast cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 189:132-138. [PMID: 27196296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Chinese herb compound prescription Viola yedoensis Makino Anti-itching Compound (VYAC), which consists of Viola yedoensis Makino, herb, Sophora flavescens Aiton, root, and Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz, root and rhizome, has been traditionally used to treat various skin allergic inflammatory diseases in clinic. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of VYAC on degranulation and to determine its anti-inflammatory mechanism in RBL-2H3 mast cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS VYAC was extracted with water-coction extraction (Shufen et al., 2012). The aqueous extracts were concentrated in vacuum under reduced pressure and lyophilized using a freeze dryer, and lyophilized powder was obtained. MTT was used to evaluate the cytotoxic of VYAC on RBL-2H3 cells. Degranulation was carried out with RBL-2H3 cell model, which was stimulated with A23187 plus PMA. β-Hexosaminidase and histamine were measured to evaluate degranulation. The mRNA levels of inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS) were investigated by RT-PCR to explain the anti-inflammatory mechanism of VYAC. RESULTS VYAC did not show cytotoxic effect on RBL-2H3 cells in the range of 25-400μg/mL. A higher dose of VYAC (800μg/mL) showed significant cytotoxicity (P<0.05). VYAC could significantly inhibit β-hexosaminidase and histamine release when treated with 100, 200, and 400μg/mL (P<0.05), but could not significantly inhibit β-Hexosaminidase and histamine release when treated with 25 and 50μg/mL (p>0.05). The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS) could significantly decrease when treated with 200 and 400μg/mL (P<0.05) of VYAC, which were associated with the development of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that VYAC inhibited β-hexosaminidase and histamine release, which was inhibit A23187 plus PMA stimulated RBL-2H3 cell degranulation and downregulated inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS) expression to block inflammatory development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Rong Zeng
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China; Murad Research Center for Moderniszed Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mei-Yun Liang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ya-Qi Yao
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ka Bian
- Murad Research Center for Moderniszed Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University of USA, WA 20052, USA
| | - Wei-Rong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
A rapid and sensitive assay based on particle analysis for cell degranulation detection in basophils and mast cells. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:374-383. [PMID: 27339828 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The degranulation of mast cells and basophils is often initiated by a number of pathophysiological responses, especially in allergic and inflammatory conditions. Efficient techniques and methods for determining the level of such degranulation are highly demanded for laboratory and clinical studies. In this work, a rapid and sensitive assay based on the particle analysis of granules in RBL-2H3 cells, a cell line widely used as a convenient model system to study the degranulation of mast cells and basophils, was developed to detect cell degranulation using a Nanosight NS300 in light scatter mode and dynamic light scattering (DLS) on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS instrument. Using this method, drug-induced mast cell degranulation and systemic anaphylaxis were efficiently determined both in cell culture medium and blood samples from animals in the current study. This promising method is expected to be widely used for screening anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drugs both in vitro and in vivo models, as well as for determining the level of mast cell degranulation of the patients in the clinic.
Collapse
|
21
|
Inhibitory Effects of Angelica Polysaccharide on Activation of Mast Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6063475. [PMID: 27200102 PMCID: PMC4854997 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6063475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of Angelica polysaccharide (AP) on activation of mast cells and its possible molecular mechanism. In our study, we determined the proinflammatory cytokines and allergic mediators in anti-DNP IgE stimulated RBL-2H3 cells and found that AP (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) significantly decreased the release of histamine, β-hexosaminidase, leukotrienes C4 (LTC4), IL-1, IL-4, TNF-α, IL-6, and human monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) (p < 0.05). In addition, Ca2+ entry was inhibited by treatment with AP. AP also downregulated the protein expressions of p-Fyn, p-Akt, p-P38, IL-4, TNF-α, and NF-κB p65 in both Fyn gene upregulated and normal RBL-2H3 cells (p < 0.05). Collectively, our results showed that AP could inhibit the activation of mast cells via suppressing the releases of proinflammatory cytokines allergic mediators, Gab2/PI3-K/Akt and Fyn/Syk pathways.
Collapse
|