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Chen L, Zhang N, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Fang Y, Fu J, Yuan Y, Chen L, Chen X, Xu Z, Li Y, Izawa H, Xiang C. Multiple Dimensions of using Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Liver Diseases: From Bench to Beside. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2192-2224. [PMID: 37498509 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases impose a huge burden worldwide. Although hepatocyte transplantation has long been considered as a potential strategy for treating liver diseases, its clinical implementation has created some obvious limitations. As an alternative strategy, cell therapy, particularly mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, is widely used in treating different liver diseases, including acute liver disease, acute-on-chronic liver failure, hepatitis B/C virus, autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we summarize the status of MSC transplantation in treating liver diseases, focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms, including differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells, immunomodulating function with a variety of immune cells, paracrine effects via the secretion of various cytokines and extracellular vesicles, and facilitation of homing and engraftment. Some improved perspectives and current challenges are also addressed. In summary, MSCs have great potential in the treatment of liver diseases based on their multi-faceted characteristics, and more accurate mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies stemming from MSCs will facilitate clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hiromi Izawa
- Jingugaien Woman Life Clinic, Jingu-Gaien 3-39-5 2F, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
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Khan S, Mahgoub S, Fallatah N, Lalor PF, Newsome PN. Liver Disease and Cell Therapy: Advances Made and Remaining Challenges. Stem Cells 2023; 41:739-761. [PMID: 37052348 PMCID: PMC10809282 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The limited availability of organs for liver transplantation, the ultimate curative treatment for end stage liver disease, has resulted in a growing and unmet need for alternative therapies. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with their broad ranging anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties have therefore emerged as a promising therapeutic agent in treating inflammatory liver disease. Significant strides have been made in exploring their biological activity. Clinical application of MSC has shifted the paradigm from using their regenerative potential to one which harnesses their immunomodulatory properties. Reassuringly, MSCs have been extensively investigated for over 30 years with encouraging efficacy and safety data from translational and early phase clinical studies, but questions remain about their utility. Therefore, in this review, we examine the translational and clinical studies using MSCs in various liver diseases and their impact on dampening immune-mediated liver damage. Our key observations include progress made thus far with use of MSCs for clinical use, inconsistency in the literature to allow meaningful comparison between different studies and need for standardized protocols for MSC manufacture and administration. In addition, the emerging role of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles as an alternative to MSC has been reviewed. We have also highlighted some of the remaining clinical challenges that should be addressed before MSC can progress to be considered as therapy for patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Khan
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Sara Mahgoub
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Nada Fallatah
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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Huang G, Li W, Zhong Y, Liao W, Zhang Z. Mendelian randomization to evaluate the causal relationship between liver enzymes and the risk of six specific bone and joint-related diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1195553. [PMID: 37662902 PMCID: PMC10469508 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of liver dysfunction in relation to bone and joint-related diseases are scarce, and its causality remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate whether serum liver enzymes are causally associated with bone and joint-related diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR) designs. Methods Genetic data on serum liver enzymes (alkaline phosphatase (ALP); alanine transaminase (ALT); gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)) and six common bone and joint-related diseases (rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoporosis, osteoarthritis (OA), ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and gout) were derived from independent genome-wide association studies of European ancestry. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was applied for the main causal estimate. Complementary sensitivity analyses and reverse causal analyses were utilized to confirm the robustness of the results. Results Using the IVW method, the positive causality between ALP and the risk of osteoporosis diagnosed by bone mineral density (BMD) at different sites was indicated (femoral neck, lumbar spine, and total body BMD, odds ratio (OR) [95% CI], 0.40 [0.23-0.69], 0.35 [0.19-0.67], and 0.33 [0.22-0.51], respectively). ALP was also linked to a higher risk of RA (OR [95% CI], 6.26 [1.69-23.51]). Evidence of potential harmful effects of higher levels of ALT on the risk of hip and knee OA was acquired (OR [95% CI], 2.48 [1.39-4.41] and 3.07 [1.49-6.30], respectively). No causal relationship was observed between GGT and these bone and joint-related diseases. The study also found that BMD were all negatively linked to ALP levels (OR [95% CI] for TBMD, FN-BMD, and LS-BMD: 0.993 [0.991-0.995], 0.993 [0.988-0.998], and 0.993 [0.989, 0.998], respectively) in the reverse causal analysis. The results were replicated via sensitivity analysis in the validation process. Conclusions Our study revealed a significant association between liver function and bone and joint-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwu Huang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchang Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglie Zhong
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Liao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Mechanisms of Action of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:3919002. [PMID: 36644008 PMCID: PMC9839417 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3919002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. However, its pathophysiological mechanism is complicated, and currently, it has no FDA-approved pharmacological therapies. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has attracted increasing attention in the treatment of hepatic diseases. MSCs are multipotent stromal cells that originated from mesoderm mesenchyme, which have self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capability. Recent experiments and studies have found that MSCs have the latent capacity to be used for MAFLD treatment. MSCs have the potential to differentiate into hepatocytes, which could be induced into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) with liver-specific morphology and function under appropriate conditions to promote liver tissue regeneration. They can also reduce liver tissue injury and reverse the development of MAFLD by regulating immune response, antifibrotic activities, and lipid metabolism. Moreover, several advantages are attributed to MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes), such as targeted delivery, reliable reparability, and poor immunogenicity. After entering the target cells, MSC-exosomes help regulate cell function and signal transduction; thus, it is expected to become an emerging treatment for MAFLD. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the roles of MSCs in MAFLD, main signaling pathways of MSCs that affect MAFLD, and mechanisms of MSC-exosomes on MAFLD.
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Han HT, Jin WL, Li X. Mesenchymal stem cells-based therapy in liver diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:23. [PMID: 35895169 PMCID: PMC9326420 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple immune cells and their products in the liver together form a complex and unique immune microenvironment, and preclinical models have demonstrated the importance of imbalances in the hepatic immune microenvironment in liver inflammatory diseases and immunocompromised liver diseases. Various immunotherapies have been attempted to modulate the hepatic immune microenvironment for the purpose of treating liver diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a comprehensive and plastic immunomodulatory capacity. On the one hand, they have been tried for the treatment of inflammatory liver diseases because of their excellent immunosuppressive capacity; On the other hand, MSCs have immune-enhancing properties in immunocompromised settings and can be modified into cellular carriers for targeted transport of immune enhancers by genetic modification, physical and chemical loading, and thus they are also used in the treatment of immunocompromised liver diseases such as chronic viral infections and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the immunological basis and recent strategies of MSCs for the treatment of the aforementioned liver diseases. Specifically, we update the immune microenvironment of the liver and summarize the distinct mechanisms of immune microenvironment imbalance in inflammatory diseases and immunocompromised liver diseases, and how MSCs can fully exploit their immunotherapeutic role in liver diseases with both immune imbalance patterns.
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Nickel S, Christ M, Schmidt S, Kosacka J, Kühne H, Roderfeld M, Longerich T, Tietze L, Bosse I, Hsu MJ, Stock P, Roeb E, Christ B. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Resolve Lipid Load in High Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice by Mitochondria Donation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111829. [PMID: 35681524 PMCID: PMC9180625 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) increasingly emerge as an option to ameliorate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a serious disease, which untreated may progress to liver cirrhosis and cancer. Before clinical translation, the mode of action of MSC needs to be established. Here, we established NASH in an immune-deficient mouse model by feeding a high fat diet. Human bone-marrow-derived MSC were delivered to the liver via intrasplenic transplantation. As verified by biochemical and image analyses, human mesenchymal stromal cells improved high-fat-diet-induced NASH in the mouse liver by decreasing hepatic lipid content and inflammation, as well as by restoring tissue homeostasis. MSC-mediated changes in gene expression indicated the switch from lipid storage to lipid utilization. It was obvious that host mouse hepatocytes harbored human mitochondria. Thus, it is feasible that resolution of NASH in mouse livers involved the donation of human mitochondria to the mouse hepatocytes. Therefore, human MSC might provide oxidative capacity for lipid breakdown followed by restoration of metabolic and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Nickel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
- Division of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Madlen Christ
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Sandra Schmidt
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Joanna Kosacka
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Hagen Kühne
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Lysann Tietze
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Ina Bosse
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Mei-Ju Hsu
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Peggy Stock
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Bruno Christ
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)341-9713552
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Prikhodko VA, Bezborodkina NN, Okovityi SV. Pharmacotherapy for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Emerging Targets and Drug Candidates. Biomedicines 2022; 10:274. [PMID: 35203484 PMCID: PMC8869100 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is characterized by high global incidence and prevalence, a tight association with common metabolic comorbidities, and a substantial risk of progression and associated mortality. Despite the increasingly high medical and socioeconomic burden of NAFLD, the lack of approved pharmacotherapy regimens remains an unsolved issue. In this paper, we aimed to provide an update on the rapidly changing therapeutic landscape and highlight the major novel approaches to the treatment of this disease. In addition to describing the biomolecules and pathways identified as upcoming pharmacological targets for NAFLD, we reviewed the current status of drug discovery and development pipeline with a special focus on recent evidence from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika A. Prikhodko
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 14A Prof. Popov Str., 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Natalia N. Bezborodkina
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Universitetskaya emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Sergey V. Okovityi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 14A Prof. Popov Str., 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Scientific, Clinical and Educational Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Vohra AH, Upadhyay KK, Joshi AS, Vyas HS, Thadani J, Devkar RV. Melatonin-primed ADMSCs elicit an efficacious therapeutic response in improving high-fat diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in C57BL/6J mice. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Stem cells are widely used for therapy including treatment of liver damage. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) administered to treat fatty liver are known to improve liver function but their use is restricted due to a poor success rate. This study investigates efficacy of melatonin-primed ADMSCs (Mel. MSCs) in experimentally induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Results
MSCs treated with LPS showed prominent DCFDA fluorescence as compared to the untreated cells. Also, the JC-1 staining had accounted for higher intensity of green monomer and a weak fluorescence of red dimer indicating weaker mitochondrial membrane potential. But melatonin co-treatment could make necessary corrective changes as evidenced by reverse set of results. The overall cell survival was also found to be improved following melatonin treatment as evidenced by the MTT assay. Also, the antioxidant (Nrf2 and Ho-1) and anti-inflammatory genes (Il-4 and Il-10) showed a decrement in their mRNA levels following LPS treatment whereas the pro-inflammatory genes (Tnf-α, Il-6, Tlr-4, and Lbp) showed a reciprocal increment in the said group. Melatonin co-treatment accounted for an improved status of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes as evidenced by their mRNA levels. High-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) fed C57BL/6J mice recorded higher serum AST and ALT levels and fatty manifestation in histology of liver along with lowered mRNA levels of antioxidant (Nrf2, Catalase, and Gss) genes and Hgf. These set of parameters showed a significant improvement in HFFD + Mel.MSC group.
Conclusion
A significant improvement in viability of MSCs was recorded due to lowered intracellular oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial membrane potential. Further, melatonin-primed MSCs accounted for a significant decrement in fatty manifestations in liver and an improved physiological status of NAFLD in HFFD fed C57BL/6J mice. Taken together, it is hypothesized that melatonin priming to MSCs prior to its use can significantly augment the success of stem cell therapy.
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Sun H, Shi C, Ye Z, Yao B, Li C, Wang X, Qian Q. The role of mesenchymal stem cells in liver injury. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:501-511. [PMID: 34882906 PMCID: PMC9303694 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been suggested as an effective alternate approach for the treatment of hepatic diseases. MSCs have potential therapeutic value, because these have high self-renewal ability, are capable of multipotent differentiation, and have low immunogenicity. Furthermore, MSCs have the potential to differentiate into hepatocytes, and the therapeutic value exists in their immune-modulatory properties and secretion of trophic factors, such as growth factors and cytokines. Moreover, MSCs can suppress inflammatory responses, reduce hepatocyte apoptosis, increase hepatocyte regeneration, regress liver fibrosis, and enhance liver functionality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zhenlong Ye
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Bi Yao
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Li
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Qijun Qian
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai, China
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10
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Lipid Disorders in NAFLD and Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101405. [PMID: 34680522 PMCID: PMC8533451 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver dysfunction and is characterized by exaggerated lipid accumulation, inflammation and even fibrosis. It has been shown that NAFLD increases the risk of other chronic diseases, particularly chronic kidney disease (CKD). Lipid in excess could lead to liver and kidney lesions and even end-stage disease through diverse pathways. Dysregulation of lipid uptake, oxidation or de novo lipogenesis contributes to the toxic effects of ectopic lipids which promotes the development and progression of NAFLD and CKD via triggering oxidative stress, apoptosis, pro-inflammatory and profibrotic responses. Importantly, dyslipidemia and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by NAFLD (specifically, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) are considered to play important roles in the pathological progression of CKD. Growing evidence of similarities between the pathogenic mechanisms of NAFLD and those of CKD has attracted attention and urged researchers to discover their common therapeutic targets. Here, we summarize the current understanding of molecular aberrations underlying the lipid metabolism of NAFLD and CKD and clinical evidence that suggests the relevance of these pathways in humans. This review also highlights the orchestrated inter-organ cross-talk in lipid disorders, as well as therapeutic options and opportunities to counteract NAFLD and CKD.
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Jiang P, Chen L, Xu J, Liu W, Feng F, Qu W. Neuroprotective Effects of Rhynchophylline Against Aβ 1-42-Induced Oxidative Stress, Neurodegeneration, and Memory Impairment Via Nrf2-ARE Activation. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2439-2450. [PMID: 34170454 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies have shown that oxidative stress is a crucial pathogenic factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master cytoprotective regulator against oxidative stress, and thus represents an attractive therapeutic target in AD. The goal of our study is to investigate the contribution of Nrf2 in Rhynchophylline (Rhy)-induced neuroprotection in AD. The data showed that intraperitoneal administration of Rhy (10 or 20 mg/kg) could ameliorate Aβ1-42-induced cognitive impairment, evidenced by performance improvement in memory tests. The result of Antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase activity assay indicated that Rhy treatment improved ARE promoter activity. The results of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) assessment in the frontal cortex and hippocampus showed that Rhy treatment could attenuate Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress to some extent, evidenced by reversion of these cytokines compared to Aβ1-42 + Veh group. Rhy treatment also restored expression of Nrf2 and its downstream protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H/quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NOQ1), and recombinant glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit (GCLM) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of Aβ1-42-treated mice. In addition, to investigate whether activation of Nrf2-mediated pathway is responsible for the neuroprotection of Rhy, Nrf2 siRNA was used in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Interestingly, the results showed that the protective effects of Rhy, including anti-oxidative, anti-apoptosis and elevation of Nrf2 and its downstream proteins, were abolished in Nrf2 siRNA-transfected cells. These findings indicate that Rhynchophylline is protective against Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity via Nrf2-ARE activation, and suggest that Rhy may serve as a potential candidate and promising Nrf2 activator for management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, 223003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, 223003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Li H, Xu W, Liu X, Wang T, Wang S, Liu J, Jiang H. JAK2 deficiency improves erectile function in diabetic mice through attenuation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Andrology 2021; 9:1662-1671. [PMID: 34085398 PMCID: PMC8672361 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is activated in diabetic mellitus (DM) conditions and may enhance oxidative stress, apoptosis and fibrosis in many tissues. Whether JAK2 activation is involved in the occurrence of diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED) is unknown. Objectives We performed this study to investigate the effect of JAK2 deficiency on diabetic ED. Materials and methods Conditional JAK2 gene knockout mice (Cre+/+‐JAK2fl/fl) were used, in which JAK2 gene knockout could be induced by tamoxifen. Mice fell into four groups: control, JAK2 knockout (JAK2−/−), DM, and DM with JAK2−/−. DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Two months later, JAK2 gene knockout was induced with tamoxifen in Cre+/+‐JAK2fl/fl mice. After another 2 months, erectile function was measured by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve, and penile tissues were harvested. Ratio of maximal intracavernosal pressure (MIP) to mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), expression and phosphorylation of JAK2, oxidative stress level, NO/Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, apoptosis, fibrosis, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1)/Smad/Collagen IV pathway in corpus cavernosum, were measured. Results JAK2 expression was remarkably decreased after induction with tamoxifen. JAK2 was activated in penile tissues of diabetic mice, and JAK2 deficiency could improve the impaired erectile function caused by DM. However, in mice without DM, JAK2 deficiency had no apparent influence on erectile function. Levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, fibrosis, and TGF‐β1/Smad/Collagen IV pathway were all elevated by DM, whereas JAK2 deficiency lessened these alterations in diabetic mice. Moreover, JAK2 deficiency improved the expression of the down‐regulated NO/cGMP pathway in diabetic mice. In non‐diabetic mice, no apparent changes were found in aforementioned parameters after JAK2 gene knockout. Discussion and conclusion Our study showed that JAK2 deficiency could improve erectile function in diabetic mice, which might be mediated by reduction in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis in corpus cavernosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenchao Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaming Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Huang Q, Huang Y, Liu J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An Excellent Candidate for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:9938658. [PMID: 34135959 PMCID: PMC8178013 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9938658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells (ASCs) known for repairing damaged cells, exerting anti-inflammatory responses and producing immunoregulatory effects that can be significantly induced into insulin-producing cells (IPCs), providing an inexhaustible supply of functional β cells for cell replacement therapy and disease modeling for diabetes. MSC therapy may be the most promising strategy for diabetes mellitus because of these significant merits. In this paper, we focused on MSC therapy for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanting Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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14
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Human mesenchymal stem cells treatment improved hepatic lesions and reversed gut microbiome disorder in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21660-21673. [PMID: 33168782 PMCID: PMC7695425 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapies for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are urgently needed. We investigated the effect of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the intestinal flora in NASH treatment. We isolated the hMSCs from the umbilical cords and divided male C57BL/6 mice into three groups, namely, chow, methionine-choline-deficient (MCD), and MCD+hMSCs. After collecting the feces and liver of the mice, we evaluated the histological changes in the liver and measured the inflammatory and fibrogenesis cytokines. Fecal microbiome and metabolome were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses. The hMSCs treatment could alleviate hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis induced by MCD diet. It could also reverse the microbiome and metabolome disorders in the NASH model. Correlation analysis of the interaction among bacteria amplified the effects of the bacteria in host. In conclusion, hMSCs treatment could improve NASH-related lesions and reverse gut microbiome and metabolome disorder in NASH.
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15
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Mitochondrial Transfer by Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Ameliorates Hepatocyte Lipid Load in a Mouse Model of NASH. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090350. [PMID: 32937969 PMCID: PMC7554948 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation ameliorated hepatic lipid load; tissue inflammation; and fibrosis in rodent animal models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by as yet largely unknown mechanism(s). In a mouse model of NASH; we transplanted bone marrow-derived MSCs into the livers; which were analyzed one week thereafter. Combined metabolomic and proteomic data were applied to weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and subsequent identification of key drivers. Livers were analyzed histologically and biochemically. The mechanisms of MSC action on hepatocyte lipid accumulation were studied in co-cultures of hepatocytes and MSCs by quantitative image analysis and immunocytochemistry. WGCNA and key driver analysis revealed that NASH caused the impairment of central carbon; amino acid; and lipid metabolism associated with mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunction; which was reversed by MSC treatment. MSC improved hepatic lipid metabolism and tissue homeostasis. In co-cultures of hepatocytes and MSCs; the decrease of lipid load was associated with the transfer of mitochondria from the MSCs to the hepatocytes via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). Hence; MSCs may ameliorate lipid load and tissue perturbance by the donation of mitochondria to the hepatocytes. Thereby; they may provide oxidative capacity for lipid breakdown and thus promote recovery from NASH-induced metabolic impairment and tissue injury.
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16
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Chen F, Wang H, Xiao J. Regulated differentiation of stem cells into an artificial 3D liver as a transplantable source. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 26:163-179. [PMID: 32098013 PMCID: PMC7160355 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2019.0022n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
End-stage liver disease is one of the leading causes of death around the world. Since insufficient sources of transplantable liver and possible immune rejection severely hinder the wide application of conventional liver transplantation therapy, artificial three-dimensional (3D) liver culture and assembly from stem cells have become a new hope for patients with end-stage liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, the induced differentiation of single-layer or 3D-structured hepatocytes from stem cells cannot physiologically support essential liver functions due to the lack of formation of blood vessels, immune regulation, storage of vitamins, and other vital hepatic activities. Thus, there is emerging evidence showing that 3D organogenesis of artificial vascularized liver tissue from combined hepatic cell types derived from differentiated stem cells is practical for the treatment of end-stage liver diseases. The optimization of novel biomaterials, such as decellularized matrices and natural macromolecules, also strongly supports the organogenesis of 3D tissue with the desired complex structure. This review summarizes new research updates on novel differentiation protocols of stem cell-derived major hepatic cell types and the application of new supportive biomaterials. Future biological and clinical challenges of this concept are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- National Key Disciplines for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Hu C, Wu Z, Li L. Mesenchymal stromal cells promote liver regeneration through regulation of immune cells. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:893-903. [PMID: 32071558 PMCID: PMC7019139 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.39725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is sensitive to pathogen-induced acute or chronic liver injury, and liver transplantation (LT) is the only effective strategy for end-stage liver diseases. However, the clinical application is limited by a shortage of liver organs, immunological rejection and high cost. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has gradually become a hot topic for promoting liver regeneration and repairing liver injury in various liver diseases, since MSCs are reported to migrate toward injured tissues, undergo hepatogenic differentiation, inhibit inflammatory factor release and enhance the proliferation of liver cells in vivo. MSCs exert immunoregulatory effects through cell-cell contact and the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors to inhibit liver inflammation and promote liver regeneration. In addition, MSCs are reported to effectively inhibit the activation of cells of the innate immune system, including macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes and other immune cells, and inhibit the activation of cells of the adaptive immune system, including T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and subsets of T cells or B cells. In the current review, we mainly focus on the potential effects and mechanisms of MSCs in inhibiting the activation of immune cells to attenuate liver injury in models or patients with acute liver failure (ALF), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver fibrosis and in patients or models after LT. We highlight that MSC transplantation may replace general therapies for eliminating acute or chronic liver injury in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhongwen Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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18
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Li R, Li H, Rao K, Liu K, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wang T, Wang S, Liu Z, Liu J. Curcumin ameliorates atrophy of seminal vesicle via reduction of oxidative stress in castrated mice. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7192. [PMID: 31316871 PMCID: PMC6613531 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The growth and function of seminal vesicle are dependent on androgen. This study was conducted to investigate the role of oxidative stress in castration-induced seminal vesicle atrophy and to explore the effects of curcumin, an antioxidant extracted from rhizome of turmeric, on seminal vesicle of castrated mice. Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, castration, and castration with curcumin (n = 10 for each group). After surgical castration, mice in the curcumin treatment group received intragastric administration of curcumin at 100 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks, whereas mice in the other two groups were treated with olive oil. After that, the body weight, seminal vesicle weight and serum testosterone of mice were measured. Apoptosis and oxidative stress levels in seminal vesicle were also determined. Results After castration, both the weight and size of seminal vesicle decreased dramatically. The expression of three NADPH oxidase (NOX) subtypes: NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, increased in seminal vesicle of castrated mice, resulting in high level oxidative stress. The ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 was also elevated after castration, accompanied by enhanced caspase3 activity. Additionally, castration increased the number of apoptotic cells in seminal vesicle. Curcumin treatment could inhibit the expression of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis. The atrophy of seminal vesicle caused by castration was ameliorated by curcumin. Conclusion Castration could cause atrophy of seminal vesicle probably via inducing oxidative stress. Curcumin treatment could reduce the oxidative stress in seminal vesicle by decreasing the expression of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, thereby ameliorating apoptosis and atrophy of seminal vesicle. Oxidative stress might play a role in castration-induced seminal vesicle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Rao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaming Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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19
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Lu M, Guo S, Hong F, Zhang Y, Yuan L, Ma C, Ma J. Pax2 is essential for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells via Runx2. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:342-352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Kong G, Huang Z, Ji W, Wang X, Liu J, Wu X, Huang Z, Li R, Zhu Q. The Ketone Metabolite β-Hydroxybutyrate Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Spinal Cord Injury by Suppression of Class I Histone Deacetylases. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2645-2655. [PMID: 28683591 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB), is reported to be neuroprotective after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study aims to investigate effects of βOHB on suppression of oxidative stress and inhibition of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) in in vivo and in vitro models. Rats were fed with ketogenic diet (KD) or standard diet (SD) for 3 weeks. A C5 hemi-contusion injury was applied to these animals on the 14th day of experiment, and spinal cord samples were harvested on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days after SCI, respectively. The blood ketone levels were significantly higher in the KD groups. KD reduced oxidative stress markers and reactive oxygen species (ROS) products, downregulated the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX)2 and NOX4, and upregulated the expression of forkhead box group O (FOXO)3a, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and catalase after SCI. The in vitro study, performed on PC12 cells, indicated that βOHB inhibited H2O2-induced ROS production, decreased NOX2 and NOX4 protein levels, and upregulated FOXO3a, MnSOD, and catalase levels in a dose-dependent manner, which was consistent with the in vivo results. The ketone metabolite βOHB inhibited HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3 activity, but not HDAC8 in SCI rats and PC12 cells. Depletion of HDAC1 or HDAC2 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated H2O2-induced ROS production and protein carbonylation and elevated FOXO3a protein levels, meanwhile reducing NOX2 and NOX4 protein expression in PC12 cells. Our results indicate that the ketone metabolite βOHB attenuates oxidative stress in SCI by inhibition of class I HDACs, and selected suppression of HDAC1 or HDAC2 regulates FOXO3a, NOX2, and NOX4 expression. Therefore, the ketone metabolite βOHB may be a novel promising therapeutic agent for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Kong
- 1 Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Zucheng Huang
- 1 Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ji
- 1 Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- 2 Department of Spinal Surgery, Longyan First Hospital , Fujian, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- 1 Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhua Wu
- 1 Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- 1 Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- 1 Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingan Zhu
- 1 Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
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