1
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Neziraj T, Siewert L, Pössnecker E, Pröbstel AK. Therapeutic targeting of gut-originating regulatory B cells in neuroinflammatory diseases. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250033. [PMID: 37624875 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are immunosuppressive cells that support immunological tolerance by the production of IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β. Bregs arise from different developmental stages in response to inflammatory stimuli. In that regard, mounting evidence points towards a direct influence of gut microbiota on mucosal B cell development, activation, and regulation in health and disease. While an increasing number of diseases are associated with alterations in gut microbiome (dysbiosis), little is known about the role of microbiota on Breg development and induction in neuroinflammatory disorders. Notably, gut-originating, IL-10- and IgA-producing regulatory plasma cells have recently been demonstrated to egress from the gut to suppress inflammation in the CNS raising fundamental questions about the triggers and functions of mucosal-originating Bregs in systemic inflammation. Advancing our understanding of Bregs in neuroinflammatory diseases could lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize the main aspects of Breg differentiation and functions and evidence about their involvement in neuroinflammatory diseases. Further, we highlight current data of gut-originating Bregs and their microbial interactions and discuss future microbiota-regulatory B cell-targeted therapies in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tradite Neziraj
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lena Siewert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Pössnecker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Bao J, Betzler AC, Hess J, Brunner C. Exploring the dual role of B cells in solid tumors: implications for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233085. [PMID: 37868967 PMCID: PMC10586314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the tumor milieu of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), distinct B cell subpopulations are present, which exert either pro- or anti-tumor activities. Multiple factors, including hypoxia, cytokines, interactions with tumor cells, and other immune infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), alter the equilibrium between the dual roles of B cells leading to cancerogenesis. Certain B cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibit immunosuppressive function. These cells are known as regulatory B (Breg) cells. Breg cells suppress immune responses by secreting a series of immunosuppressive cytokines, including IL-10, IL-35, TGF-β, granzyme B, and adenosine or dampen effector TILs by intercellular contacts. Multiple Breg phenotypes have been discovered in human and mouse cancer models. However, when compartmentalized within a tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS), B cells predominantly play anti-tumor effects. A mature TLS contains a CD20+ B cell zone with several important types of B cells, including germinal-center like B cells, antibody-secreting plasma cells, and memory B cells. They kill tumor cells via antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, and local complement activation effects. TLSs are also privileged sites for local T and B cell coordination and activation. Nonetheless, in some cases, TLSs may serve as a niche for hidden tumor cells and indicate a bad prognosis. Thus, TIL-B cells exhibit bidirectional immune-modulatory activity and are responsive to a variety of immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss the functional distinctions between immunosuppressive Breg cells and immunogenic effector B cells that mature within TLSs with the focus on tumors of HNSCC patients. Additionally, we review contemporary immunotherapies that aim to target TIL-B cells. For the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to complement T-cell-based immunotherapy, a full understanding of either effector B cells or Breg cells is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Bao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Annika C. Betzler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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3
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Liu RX, Wen C, Ye W, Li Y, Chen J, Zhang Q, Li W, Liang W, Wei L, Zhang J, Chan KW, Wang X, Yang X, Liu H. Altered B cell immunoglobulin signature exhibits potential diagnostic values in human colorectal cancer. iScience 2023; 26:106140. [PMID: 36879799 PMCID: PMC9984553 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-secreting B cells have long been considered the central element of gut homeostasis; however, tumor-associated B cells in human colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been well characterized. Here, we show that the clonotype, phenotype, and immunoglobulin subclasses of tumor-infiltrating B cells have changed compared to adjacent normal tissue B cells. Remarkably, the tumor-associated B cell immunoglobulin signature alteration can also be detected in the plasma of patients with CRC, suggesting that a distinct B cell response was also evoked in CRC. We compared the altered plasma immunoglobulin signature with the existing method of CRC diagnosis. Our diagnostic model exhibits improved sensitivity compared to the traditional biomarkers, CEA and CA19-9. These findings disclose the altered B cell immunoglobulin signature in human CRC and highlight the potential of using the plasma immunoglobulin signature as a non-invasive method for the assessment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xian Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, China
| | - Weibiao Ye
- Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, China
| | - Yewei Li
- Department of Statistical Science, School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Junxiong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Weiqian Li
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Wanfei Liang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Lili Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Jingdan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Ka-Wo Chan
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- International Institute of Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
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4
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Charytonowicz D, Brody R, Sebra R. Interpretable and context-free deconvolution of multi-scale whole transcriptomic data with UniCell deconvolve. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1350. [PMID: 36906603 PMCID: PMC10008582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce UniCell: Deconvolve Base (UCDBase), a pre-trained, interpretable, deep learning model to deconvolve cell type fractions and predict cell identity across Spatial, bulk-RNA-Seq, and scRNA-Seq datasets without contextualized reference data. UCD is trained on 10 million pseudo-mixtures from a fully-integrated scRNA-Seq training database comprising over 28 million annotated single cells spanning 840 unique cell types from 898 studies. We show that our UCDBase and transfer-learning models achieve comparable or superior performance on in-silico mixture deconvolution to existing, reference-based, state-of-the-art methods. Feature attribute analysis uncovers gene signatures associated with cell-type specific inflammatory-fibrotic responses in ischemic kidney injury, discerns cancer subtypes, and accurately deconvolves tumor microenvironments. UCD identifies pathologic changes in cell fractions among bulk-RNA-Seq data for several disease states. Applied to lung cancer scRNA-Seq data, UCD annotates and distinguishes normal from cancerous cells. Overall, UCD enhances transcriptomic data analysis, aiding in assessment of cellular and spatial context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Charytonowicz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Brody
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Icahn Genomics Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Moreira H, Dobosz A, Cwynar-Zając Ł, Nowak P, Czyżewski M, Barg M, Reichert P, Królikowska A, Barg E. Unraveling the role of Breg cells in digestive tract cancer and infectious immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:981847. [PMID: 36618354 PMCID: PMC9816437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.981847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, regulatory B cells (Breg cells or Bregs) have emerged as an immunosuppressive subset of B lymphocytes playing a key role in inflammation, infection, allergy, transplantation, and cancer. However, the involvement of Bregs in various pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract is not fully understood and is the subject of much recent research. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current state of knowledge about the origin, phenotype, and suppressive mechanisms of Bregs. The relationship between the host gut microbiota and the function of Bregs in the context of the disturbance of mucosal immune homeostasis is also discussed. Moreover, we focused our attention on the role of Bregs in certain diseases and pathological conditions related to the digestive tract, especially Helicobacter pylori infection, parasitic diseases (leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis), and gastrointestinal neoplasms. Increasing evidence points to a relationship between the presence and number of Bregs and the severity and progression of these pathologies. As the number of cases is increasing year by year, also among young people, it is extremely important to understand the role of these cells in the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Moreira
- Department of Medical Sciences Foundation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland,*Correspondence: Helena Moreira, ; Agnieszka Dobosz,
| | - Agnieszka Dobosz
- Department of Medical Sciences Foundation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland,*Correspondence: Helena Moreira, ; Agnieszka Dobosz,
| | - Łucja Cwynar-Zając
- Department of Medical Sciences Foundation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Nowak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Czyżewski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Barg
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Reichert
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Clinical Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Królikowska
- Ergonomics and Biomedical Monitoring Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Barg
- Department of Medical Sciences Foundation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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6
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Flores-Borja F, Blair P. "Mechanisms of induction of regulatory B cells in the tumour microenvironment and their contribution to immunosuppression and pro-tumour responses". Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:33-45. [PMID: 35350071 PMCID: PMC9307227 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of tumour-infiltrating immune cells was originally associated with the induction of anti-tumour responses and good a prognosis. A more refined characterization of the tumour microenvironment has challenged this original idea and evidence now exists pointing to a critical role for immune cells in the modulation of anti-tumour responses and the induction of a tolerant pro-tumour environment. The coordinated action of diverse immunosuppressive populations, both innate and adaptive, shapes a variety of pro-tumour responses leading to tumour progression and metastasis. Regulatory B cells have emerged as critical modulators and suppressors of anti-tumour responses. As reported in autoimmunity and infection studies, Bregs are a heterogeneous population with diverse phenotypes and different mechanisms of action. Here we review recent studies on Bregs from animal models and patients, covering a variety of types of cancer. We describe the heterogeneity of Bregs, the cellular interactions they make with other immune cells and the tumour itself, and their mechanism of suppression that enables tumour escape. We also discuss the potential therapeutic tools that may inhibit Bregs function and promote anti-tumour responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Flores-Borja
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, London
| | - Paul Blair
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity, and Transplantation, University College London, London
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7
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Xiao S, Bod L, Pochet N, Kota SB, Hu D, Madi A, Kilpatrick J, Shi J, Ho A, Zhang H, Sobel R, Weiner HL, Strom TB, Quintana FJ, Joller N, Kuchroo VK. Checkpoint Receptor TIGIT Expressed on Tim-1 + B Cells Regulates Tissue Inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107892. [PMID: 32668241 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tim-1, a phosphatidylserine receptor expressed on B cells, induces interleukin 10 (IL-10) production by sensing apoptotic cells. Here we show that mice with B cell-specific Tim-1 deletion develop tissue inflammation in multiple organs including spontaneous paralysis with inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Transcriptomic analysis demonstrates that besides IL-10, Tim-1+ B cells also differentially express a number of co-inhibitory checkpoint receptors including TIGIT. Mice with B cell-specific TIGIT deletion develop spontaneous paralysis with CNS inflammation, but with limited inflammation in other organs. Our findings suggest that Tim-1+ B cells are essential for maintaining self-tolerance and restraining tissue inflammation, and that Tim-1 signaling-dependent TIGIT expression on B cells is essential for maintaining CNS-specific tolerance. A possible critical role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in regulating the B cell function is discussed, as we find that AhR is among the preferentially expressed transcription factors in Tim-1+ B cells and regulates their TIGIT and IL-10 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xiao
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Lloyd Bod
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathalie Pochet
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Dan Hu
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Asaf Madi
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica Kilpatrick
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jingwen Shi
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allen Ho
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raymond Sobel
- Palo Alto Veteran's Administration Health Care System and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Terry B Strom
- Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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8
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Catalán D, Mansilla MA, Ferrier A, Soto L, Oleinika K, Aguillón JC, Aravena O. Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:611795. [PMID: 33995344 PMCID: PMC8118522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.611795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing immune responses and reestablishing immune homeostasis. The important role of Bregs in restraining the pathology associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses in autoimmunity and graft rejection has been consistently demonstrated, while more recent studies have suggested a role for this population in other immune-related conditions, such as infections, allergy, cancer, and chronic metabolic diseases. Initial studies identified IL-10 as the hallmark of Breg function; nevertheless, the past decade has seen the discovery of other molecules utilized by human and murine B cells to regulate immune responses. This new arsenal includes other anti-inflammatory cytokines such IL-35 and TGF-β, as well as cell surface proteins like CD1d and PD-L1. In this review, we examine the main suppressive mechanisms employed by these novel Breg populations. We also discuss recent evidence that helps to unravel previously unknown aspects of the phenotype, development, activation, and function of IL-10-producing Bregs, incorporating an overview on those questions that remain obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Catalán
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Andrés Mansilla
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ashley Ferrier
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Soto
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Dolor, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile (HCUCH), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Carlos Aguillón
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Aravena
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Fidelle M, Yonekura S, Picard M, Cogdill A, Hollebecque A, Roberti MP, Zitvogel L. Resolving the Paradox of Colon Cancer Through the Integration of Genetics, Immunology, and the Microbiota. Front Immunol 2020; 11:600886. [PMID: 33381121 PMCID: PMC7768083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.600886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While colorectal cancers (CRC) are paradigmatic tumors invaded by effector memory lymphocytes, the mechanisms accounting for the relative resistance of MSI negative CRC to immunogenic cell death mediated by oxaliplatin and immune checkpoint inhibitors has remained an open conundrum. Here, we propose the viewpoint where its microenvironmental contexture could be explained -at least in part- by macroenvironmental cues constituted by the complex interplay between the epithelial barrier, its microbial ecosystem, and the local immune system. Taken together this dynamic ménage-à-trois offers novel coordinated actors of the humoral and cellular immune responses actionable to restore sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibition. Solving this paradox involves breaking tolerance to crypt stem cells by inducing the immunogenic apoptosis of ileal cells in the context of an ileal microbiome shifted towards immunogenic bacteria using cytotoxicants. This manoeuver results in the elicitation of a productive Tfh and B cell dialogue in mesenteric lymph nodes culminating in tumor-specific memory CD8+ T cell responses sparing the normal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Fidelle
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Satoru Yonekura
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marion Picard
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Unit Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alexandria Cogdill
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antoine Hollebecque
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Paula Roberti
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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10
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Shang J, Zha H, Sun Y. Phenotypes, Functions, and Clinical Relevance of Regulatory B Cells in Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582657. [PMID: 33193391 PMCID: PMC7649814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In immune system, B cells are classically positive modulators that regulate inflammation and immune responses. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a subset of B cells which play crucial roles in various conditions, including infection, allergies, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and tumors. Until now, unequivocal surface markers for Bregs still lack consensus, although numerous Breg subsets have been identified. Generally, Bregs exert their immunoregulatory functions mainly through cytokine secretion and intercellular contact. In the tumor microenvironment, Bregs suppress effector T cells, induce regulatory T cells and target other tumor-infiltrating immune cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, natural killer cells and macrophages, to hamper anti-tumor immunity. Meanwhile, the cross-regulations between Bregs and tumor cells often result in tumor escape from immunosurveillance. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that Bregs are closely associated with many clinicopathological factors of cancer patients and might be potential biomarkers for accessing patient survival. Thus, Bregs are potential therapeutic targets for future immunotherapy in cancer patients. In this review, we will discuss the phenotypes, functions, and clinical relevance of Bregs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shang
- Department of Health Service, Guard Bureau of the Joint Staff Department, Central Military Commission of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Zha
- Department of Oncology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yufa Sun
- Department of Health Service, Guard Bureau of the Joint Staff Department, Central Military Commission of PLA, Beijing, China
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Daniel SK, Seo YD, Pillarisetty VG. The CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis as a mechanism of immune resistance in gastrointestinal malignancies. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 65:176-188. [PMID: 31874281 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Single agent checkpoint inhibitor therapy has not been effective for most gastrointestinal solid tumors, but combination therapy with drugs targeting additional immunosuppressive pathways is being attempted. One such pathway, the CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 chemokine axis, has attracted attention due to its effects on tumor cell survival and metastasis as well as immune cell migration. CXCL12 is a small protein that functions in normal hematopoietic stem cell homing in addition to repair of damaged tissue. Binding of CXCL12 to CXCR4 leads to activation of G protein signaling kinases such as P13K/mTOR and MEK/ERK while binding to CXCR7 leads to β-arrestin mediated signaling. While some gastric and colorectal carcinoma cells have been shown to make CXCL12, the primary source in pancreatic cancer and peritoneal metastases is cancer-associated fibroblasts. Binding of CXCL12 to CXCR4 and CXCR7 on tumor cells leads to anti-apoptotic signaling through Bcl-2 and survivin upregulation, as well as promotion of the epithelial-to-mesechymal transition through the Rho-ROCK pathway and alterations in cell adhesion molecules. High levels of CXCL12 seen in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen could partially explain why these are popular sites of metastases for many tumors. CXCL12 is a chemoattractant for lymphocytes at lower levels, but becomes chemorepellant at higher levels; it is unclear exactly what gradient exists in the tumor microenvironment and how this influences tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. AMD3100 (Plerixafor or Mozobil) is a small molecule CXCR4 antagonist and is the most frequently used drug targeting the CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in clinical trials for gastrointestinal solid tumors currently. Other small molecules and monoclonal antibodies against CXCR4 are being trialed. Further understanding of the CXCL12- CXCR4/CXCR7 chemokine axis in the tumor microenvironment will allow more effective targeting of this pathway in combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Daniel
- University of Washington, Dept. of Surgery, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Y David Seo
- University of Washington, Dept. of Surgery, Seattle, WA, USA
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12
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Gang W, Wang JJ, Guan R, Yan S, Shi F, Zhang JY, Li ZM, Gao J, Fu XL. Strategy to targeting the immune resistance and novel therapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:1578-1603. [PMID: 29658188 PMCID: PMC5943429 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the CRC subtypes that can predict the outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with immunogenicity seems to be a promising strategy to develop new drugs that target the antitumoral immune response. In particular, the disinhibition of the antitumoral T‐cell response by immune checkpoint blockade has shown remarkable therapeutic promise for patients with mismatch repair (MMR) deficient CRC. In this review, the authors provide the update of the molecular features and immunogenicity of CRC, discuss the role of possible predictive biomarkers, illustrate the modern immunotherapeutic approaches, and introduce the most relevant ongoing preclinical study and clinical trials such as the use of the combination therapy with immunotherapy. Furthermore, this work is further to understand the complex interactions between the immune surveillance and develop resistance in tumor cells. As expected, if the promise of these developments is fulfilled, it could develop the effective therapeutic strategies and novel combinations to overcome immune resistance and enhance effector responses, which guide clinicians toward a more “personalized” treatment for advanced CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Gang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Guan
- Hubei University of Medicine, NO. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Sun Yan
- Hubei University of Medicine, NO. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, 212001, China
| | - Jia-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Meng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, 212001, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, 212001, China
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13
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Shinji S, Ueda Y, Yamada T, Koizumi M, Yokoyama Y, Takahashi G, Hotta M, Iwai T, Hara K, Takeda K, Okusa M, Kan H, Uchida E. Combined use of preoperative lymphocyte counts and the post/preoperative lymphocyte count ratio as a prognostic marker of recurrence after curative resection of stage II colon cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2553-2564. [PMID: 29416791 PMCID: PMC5788659 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diagnostic markers for recurrence of colorectal cancer have not been established. The aim of the present study was to identify new diagnostic markers for recurrence after curative surgery of stage II colon cancer. Materials and Methods In this study, the prognostic values of the preoperative lymphocyte count and the post/preoperative lymphocyte count ratio (PPLR) were evaluated in 142 patients with localized colon cancer treated with surgery at a single medical center. The associations of patient demographics, blood chemistry, and serum biochemical indices with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off values of the lymphocyte count and PPLR were, respectively, 1555.2/μl and 1.151 for RFS. On univariate analysis, tumor depth of invasion, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and preoperative low lymphocyte count (≤1555.2/μl) were all correlated with poorer RFS (p < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, T4, low lymphocyte count, and low PPLR were independent predictors of poor RFS. Furthermore, the patients were categorized into four categories based on preoperative lymphocyte count high/low and PPLR high/low. Patients with a low preoperative lymphocyte count and low PPLR had the poorest RFS and CSS compared to the other patients. Conclusion The combination of the preoperative lymphocyte count and the PPLR appears to be a potential marker for predicting recurrence of stage II colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Shinji
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshibumi Ueda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Koizumi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goro Takahashi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hotta
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Iwai
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hara
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohki Takeda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Okusa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Kan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Uchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Mao H, Pan F, Wu Z, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Zhang P, Gou M, Dai G. CD19loCD27hi Plasmablasts Suppress Harmful Th17 Inflammation Through Interleukin 10 Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:870-877. [PMID: 28829194 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mao
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Bejing, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Bejing, China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Bejing, China
| | - Zhikuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Bejing, China
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Bejing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Bejing, China
| | - Miaomiao Gou
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Bejing, China
| | - Guanghai Dai
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Bejing, China
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